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Education - Geography - Politics Hong Kong Portal |
Hong Kong began as a coastal island geographically located in southern China. The following is a Timeline of the history of Hong Kong. Imperial China Era Colonial Hong Kong In the Prehistory of Hong Kong, according to archaeological studies and many other resources human activity in Hong Kong dates back over five Millennia The History of Hong Kong in Imperial China began in 214 BC under the Qin Dynasty. The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began after the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young surrendered the territory of Hong Kong to Japan on 25 December Hong Kong began as a coastal Island geographically located in southern China. 1950s in Hong Kong began after the Japanese rule ended in 1945 with Sovereignty returning to the British. 1960s in Hong Kong continued with the development and expansion of manufacturing that began in the previous decade 1970s in Hong Kong underwent many changes that shaped its future 1980s in Hong Kong marks a period when the territory is known for its wealth and trademark lifestyle 1990s in Hong Kong marks a transitional period and the last decade of Colonial Hong Kong. The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover 2000s in Hong Kong began a new millennium under the People's Republic of China (PRC Seven years after the first flight of a heavier-than-air controlled aeroplane in 1903, planes were already flying in Hong Kong. The history of bus transport in Hong Kong began with the introduction of the first bus routes in Hong Kong in the 1920s. This article gives readers an insight on how the British colonial rule affected the technical standards in Hong Kong. Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The history of the United Kingdom — British history — as an unified Sovereign state begins with the legistlative union between the kingdoms of England The Culture of Hong Kong can best be described as a foundation that began with China, and then leaned West for much of the 20th century under constructive Hong Kong's highly favorable geographical position and Entrepot trading opportunities are wealth-generating assets Education in Hong Kong has a similar system to that of the United Kingdom, in particular the English education system of Hong Kong was modernized by the The Geography of Hong Kong primarily consists of three main territories Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and the New Territories Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by People's Republic of China, its own legislature the Chief Executive Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National While pockets of settlements had taken place in the region with archaeological findings dating back thousands of years, regularly written records were not made until the engagement of Imperial China and the British Colony in the territory. Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom Starting out as a fishing village, salt production site and trading ground, it would evolve into a military port of strategic importance and eventually an international financial centre that enjoys the world's 14th highest GDP (PPP) per capita, supporting 33% of the foreign capital flows into China. A financial centre is a Global city that is a Company and Business Hub, as well as being home to many world famous Banks and/or China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National [1]
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Prehistoric Era
Archaeological findings suggest human activity in Hong Kong dates back over 30,000 years. In the Prehistory of Hong Kong, according to archaeological studies and many other resources human activity in Hong Kong dates back over five Millennia Stone tools of the pre-historic people during the old stone age have been excavated in Sai Kung in Wong Tei Tung. Sai Kung Town ( or simply Sai Kung (西貢/西贡 Pinyin: Xigong is a town on Sai Kung Peninsula, facing the Sai Kung Hoi (Inner Port Shelter The stone tools found in Sai Kung were perhaps from a stone tools making ground. Sai Kung Town ( or simply Sai Kung (西貢/西贡 Pinyin: Xigong is a town on Sai Kung Peninsula, facing the Sai Kung Hoi (Inner Port Shelter Religious carvings on outlying islands and coastal areas have also been found, possibly related to Che people in Neolithic. Che people ( Chinese 輋民 or 輋族 is a branch of Yao people found in the Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces of China. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The latest findings dating from the Paleolithic suggest that Wong Tei Tung (黃地峒) is one of the most ancient settlements in Hong Kong. The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone"
Imperial China Era (221 BC - 1800s)
The territory was incorporated into China during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC), and the area was firmly consolidated under Nam Yuet (203 BC - 111 BC. The History of Hong Kong in Imperial China began in 214 BC under the Qin Dynasty. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Nanyue ( was an ancient kingdom that consisted of parts of the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and much of modern northern ) Archaeological evidence indicates that the population has increased since the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220). The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. In the 1950s, the tomb at Lei Cheng Uk from the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 – 220) was excavated and archaeologists began to investigate the possibility that salt production flourished in Hong Kong around 2000 years ago, although conclusive evidence has not been found. The Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum Chinese 李鄭屋古墓 is composed of an ancient brick Tomb and of an exhibition hall adjacent to it The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China.
Tai Po Hoi, the sea of Tai Po, was a major pearl hunting harbour in China since Han Dynasty. Tolo Harbour ( or Tai Po Hoi (大埔海 historically 大步海 is a sheltered Harbour in northeast New Territories (新界 of Hong Kong. Tai Po ( (sometimes written as Taipo refers to the area of the traditional Market towns in the area presently known as Tai Po Old Market or Tai Po Kau Hui Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to a now largely obsolete method of retrieving Pearls from Pearl oysters Freshwater pearl mussels and on The activities peaked during the Southern Han (917 to 971) and continued till Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644)
During the Tang Dynasty, the Guangdong region flourished as an international trading center. Southern Han ( Vietnamese: Nam Hán was a kingdom that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period ( 907 - 960) The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Tuen Mun region in what is now Hong Kong's New Territories served as a port, naval base, salt production centre and later, base for the exploitation of pearls. New Territories, abbreviated to NT or NT, is a region in Hong Kong excluding Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and Stonecutters Island Lantau Island was also the salt production centre where the salt smugglers riots broke out against the government. Lantau Island, also Lantao, based on the old local name of Lantau Peak ( lit Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants
In 1276 during the Mongol invasion, the Southern Song Dynasty court moved to Fujian, then to Lantau Island and later to today's Kowloon City, but the child emperor, Zhao Bing, after being defeated in the Battle of Yamen, committed suicide by drowning with his officials. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms This article is about the People's Republic of China province Lantau Island, also Lantao, based on the old local name of Lantau Peak ( lit Sung Wong Toi is an important historic relic in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Emperor Bing ( (1271 &ndash March 19, 1279) was the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty of China. The naval Battle of Yamen ( (also known as the Naval Battle of Mount Ya;) took place on 19 March 1279 and is considered to be the last Tung Chung valley, named after a hero who gave up his life for the emperor, is believed to have been a base for the court. Tung Chung, namely the eastern stream is an area situated on the north-western coast of Lantau Island in Hong Kong. Hau Wong, an official of the emperor is still worshipped in Hong Kong today. Hau Wong or Hou Wang (侯王 is a title that can be translated as "Prince Marquis" or "Holy Marquis".
However, during the Mongol period, Hong Kong saw its first population boom as Chinese refugees entered the area. The main reason for them to enter Hong Kong was because of wars, famines and some groups even came here to find jobs. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation Five clans of Hau (Hou, 候), Tang (Deng, 鄧), Pang (Peng, 彭) and Liu (Liao, 廖) and Man (Wen, 文) were claimed to be the Punti (本地人) from Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi in China. A Chinese clan ( is a patrilineal and patrilocal group of related Chinese people with a common surname sharing a common ancestor and in many cases an Peng ( Chinese: 彭; Pinyin: Péng is a common Chinese family name, ranking 35th most common in 2006. The Punti, a rough transliteration of the Cantonese term for "original locality" refers to the Cantonese -speaking populations of Guangdong province in Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the This article is about the People's Republic of China province ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Despite the immigration and light development of agriculture, the area was hilly and relatively barren. People had to rely on salt, pearl and fishery trades to produce income. Some clans built walled villages to protect themselves from the threat of bandits, rival clans and wild animals. Most of the walled villages in Hong Kong are located in the New Territories. The famous Chinese pirate Cheung Po Tsai also had many legendary stories in Hong Kong. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering Cheung Po Tsai (Cantonese Jēung Bóu Jái in Yale transcription or Chang Pao Tsai (in Wade-Giles ( was a 19th century Chinese Pirate.
The last dynasty in China, Qing Dynasty, would also be the last to come in contact with Hong Kong. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China As a military outpost and trading port, the Hong Kong territory would gain the attention of the world.
Colonial Hong Kong Era (1800s - 1930s)
| Date | Treaty | Result |
|---|---|---|
| January 25, 1841 | Convention of Chuenpeh | Preliminary cession of Hong Kong Island to the United Kingdom |
| August 29, 1842 | Treaty of Nanjing | Cession of Hong Kong Island, founded as a crown colony of the United Kingdom |
| October 18, 1860 | Convention of Beijing | Cession of Kowloon (south of Boundary Street) |
| July 1, 1898 | Second Convention of Beijing | Lease of the New Territories (including New Kowloon) |
By the early 19th century, the British Empire trade was heavily dependent upon the importation of tea from China. For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Convention of Chuenpeh, Chuanbi Convention or the Ch'uenpi Convention was one of the first attempts to settle the First Opium War disputes between the Hong Kong Island ( is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong, China. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Treaty of Nanking (Treaty of Nanjing signed 29 August, 1842, was the unequal treaty which marked the end of the First Opium War between Hong Kong Island ( is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong, China. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting The Convention of Peking or the First Convention of Peking is the name used for three different treaties which were concluded between Qing China and the Kowloon refers to an urban area in Hong Kong made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east This does not cite its references or sources. Please help improve Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting an Extension of Hong Kong Territory or the Second Convention of Peking was a Lease signed between Qing New Territories, abbreviated to NT or NT, is a region in Hong Kong excluding Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and Stonecutters Island New Kowloon is an area in Kowloon, Hong Kong, bounded in the south by Boundary Street, and in the north by the ranges of the Lion Rock, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city The Convention of Peking or the First Convention of Peking is the name used for three different treaties which were concluded between Qing China and the The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar While the British exported to China luxurious items like clocks and watches, there was an overwhelming imbalance between the trades. China developed a strong demand for silver, which was a difficult commodity to come by in large quantities for the British. The counterbalance of trades would come with illegal opium entering China. Opium is a Narcotic formed from the Latex (ie sap released by lacerating (or "scoring" the immature seed pods of opium poppies ( Lin Zexu would become the Chinese commissioner who voiced to Queen Victoria the Qing state's opposition to the unlawful opium trade. Lin Zexu ( Styled: Yuanfu (元抚 ( August 30, 1785 &ndash November 22, 1850) was a Chinese scholar and official during Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland It resulted in the Opium Wars, which led to British victories over China and the cession of Hong Kong to the United Kingdom via the enactment of the new treaties in 1842. The Opium Wars ( also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, lasted from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860 the climax of a trade dispute between China under the Qing
In April 1899, the residence in Kam Tin (錦田) rebelled the ruling of the British Colonial. Kam Tin ( or Kam Tin Heung (錦田鄉 is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong. They defensed themselves in Kat Hing Wai (吉慶圍), a walled village. Most of the walled villages in Hong Kong are located in the New Territories. After several unsuccessful attack by the British troops, iron gate was blast open. The gate was then shipped to London for exhibition. Under the demand of the Tang (鄧) clan in 1924, the gate was eventually returned in 1925 by the 16th governor, Sir Reginald Stubbs(司徒拔爵士). Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs, GCMG ( Chinese Translated Name 司徒拔 (1876 - 1947 was a British colonial governor
After the territorial settlements, the achievements of the era would set the foundation for the culture and commerce in modern Hong Kong for years to come. The territory's commercial and industry transitioned in numerous ways: Hong Kong and China Gas Company to the first electric company; Rickshaws would transition to bus; ferries, trams and airline[2], there was no shortage of improvements. The Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited ( commonly known as Towngas, is the Monopoly provider of Towngas in Hong Kong. Hongkong Electric () is a vertically integrated Electric utility company Rickshaws (or rickshas) are a mode of Human-powered transport: a runner draws a two-wheeled Cart which seats one or two persons The history of bus transport in Hong Kong began with the introduction of the first bus routes in Hong Kong in the 1920s. The Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry Company Limited ( HYF, is a ferry company founded in 1897 in Hong Kong. The Peak Tramway ( is a Funicular railway in Hong Kong, which carries both tourists and residents to the upper levels of Hong Kong Island. Imperial Airways was the early British commercial long range air transport company operating from 1924 to 1939 and serving parts of Europe but especially the Empire routes to Every industry went through major transformation and growth. Other vital establishments included changes in philosophy, starting with a western-style education with Frederick Stewart[3], which was a critical step in separating Hong Kong from mainland China during the political turmoil associated with the falling Qing dynasty. Dr Frederick Stewart (1836 - 1889 was the Colonial Secretary in Hong Kong. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The monumental start of the financial powerhouse industry of the far east would begin with the first large scale bank. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited ( based in Hong Kong, is a wholly owned Subsidiary and the founding member of the HSBC group [4] The period is also challenged by the onslaught of the Third Pandemic of Bubonic Plague changing the view of importance of the first hospital. Third Pandemic is the designation of a major plague pandemic that began in the Yunan province in China in 1855 Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis (formerly known as Tung Wah Hospital ( Chinese 東華醫院 is a hospital in Hong Kong under the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. On the outbreak of World War I in 1914, fear of a possible attack on the colony led to an exodus of 60,000 Chinese. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Statistically Hong Kong's population would continue to boom in the following decades from 530,000 in 1916 to 725,000 in 1925. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nonetheless the crisis in mainland China in the 1920s and 1930s would leave Hong Kong vulnerable to a strategic invasion from Japan. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Japanese Occupation Era (1940s)
Hong Kong was occupied by Japan from 25 December 1941 to 15 August 1945. The Battle of Hong Kong took place during the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began after the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young surrendered the territory of Hong Kong to Japan on 25 December For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The period, called '3 years and 8 months' halted the economy. The British, Canadians, Indians and the Hong Kong Volunteer Defense Forces resisted the Japanese invasion commanded by Sakai Takashi which started on December 8, 1941, eight hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. was a Lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, known for his brutal conquest of Hong Kong in late 1941 Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by Japanese achieved air superiority on the first day of battle and the defensive forces were outnumbered. Air superiority is the dominance in the Air power of one side's air forces over the other side's during a Military campaign. The British and the Indians retreated from the Gin Drinker's Line and consequently from Kowloon under heavy aerial bombardment and artillery barrage. Gin Drinkers Line ( Chinese 醉酒灣防線 or Gin Drinker's Line was a British military defence line against Japanese invasion in Hong Kowloon refers to an urban area in Hong Kong made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east Fierce fighting continued on Hong Kong Island; the only reservoir was lost. Hong Kong Island ( is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong, China. Reservoirs in Hong Kong are spread fairly evenly over the entire 1103 km² of Hong Kong. Canadian Winnipeg Grenadiers fought at the crucial Wong Nai Chong Gap that secured the passage between downtown and the secluded southern parts of the island. The Winnipeg Grenadiers was an Infantry Regiment of the Canadian Army formed in 1908
On December 25, 1941 - which has gone down in history as Black Christmas to local people - British colonial officials headed by the Governor of Hong Kong, Mark Aitchison Young, surrendered in person at the Japanese headquarters on the third floor of the Peninsula Hotel. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Governor of Hong Kong ( abbreviated 港督 was the head of the Hong Kong Government, ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral Sir Mark Aitchison Young, GCMG, (30 June 1886 &ndash 12 May 1974 楊慕琦 was a British administrator who became the Governor of Hong Kong The Peninsula Hong Kong (香港半島酒店 opened in 1928 is Hong Kong's first hotel and is also one of the most internationally recognizable Hotels in Hong Kong Isogai Rensuke became the first Japanese governor of Hong Kong. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and Governor of Hong Kong under Japanese occupation from 20 February 1942 to 24 December 1944
During the Japanese occupation, hyper-inflation and food rationing became the norm of daily lives. Certain figures in this article use Scientific notation for readability Rationing is the controlled distribution of resources and scarce goods or services It became unlawful to own Hong Kong Dollars, which were replaced by the Japanese Military Yen, a currency without reserves issued by the Imperial Japanese Army administration. Japanese military yen ( Chinese and Japanese: 日本軍用手票 also 日本軍票 in short commonly abbreviated as JMY, was the The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Some estimate that as many as 10,000 women were raped in the first few days after Hong Kong's capture and large number of suspected dissidents were executed. Philip Snow, a prominent historian of the period, said that the Japanese cut rations for civilians to conserve food for soldiers, usually to starvation levels and deported many to famine- and disease-ridden areas of the mainland. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Most of the repatriated actually had come to Hong Kong just a few years earlier to flee the terror of the Second Sino-Japanese War in mainland China. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the
By the end of the war in 1945, the population of Hong Kong shrunk to 600,000, less than half of the pre-war population of 1. 6 million. The communist takeover of mainland China in 1949 led to another population boom in Hong Kong. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thousands of refugees emigrated from mainland China to Hong Kong, and made it an important entrepôt until the United Nations ordered a trade embargo on mainland China due to the Korean War. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security In international Commerce and politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the More refugees came during the Great Leap Forward. The Great Leap Forward ( of the People's Republic of China (PRC was an economic and social plan used from 1958 to 1960 which aimed to use China 's vast population
Modern Hong Kong under British rule (1950s - 1997)
The 1950s
Skills and capital brought by refugees of Mainland China, especially from Shanghai, along with a vast pool of cheap labor helped revive the economy. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders 1950s in Hong Kong began after the Japanese rule ended in 1945 with Sovereignty returning to the British. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million At the same time, many foreign firms relocated their offices from Shanghai to Hong Kong. Enjoying unprecedented growth Hong Kong would transform from a territory of entrepôt trade to industrial and manufacturing. An entrepôt (from the French " Warehouse " is a Trading post where merchandise can be imported and Exported without The early industrial centers, where many of the workers spent the majority of their days, turned out anything that could be produced with small space from buttons, artificial flowers, umbrellas, textile, enamelware, footware to plastics. In Clothing and Fashion design, a button is a small plastic or metal disc- or knob-shaped typically round object usually attached to an article of Clothing Artificial flowers and imitations of natural flowers are sometimes made for scientific purposes (the collection of glass flowers at Harvard University, for example "Parasol" redirects here For other uses see Umbrella (disambiguation, Umbrella (song or Parasol (disambiguation A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. In a discussion of Material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U Footwear consists of Garments worn on the feet, for protection against the environment and Adornment. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products
Large squatter camps developed throughout the territory providing homes for the massive number of growing immigrants. The camps, however, posed a fire and health hazard, leading to disasters like the Shek Kip Mei fire. Shek Kip Mei ( Chinese 石硤尾 originally known as Kap Shek Mi, is an area in New Kowloon, the North Eastern Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Governor Alexander Grantham responded with a "multi story buildings" plan as a standard. Sir Alexander William George Herder Grantham, GCMG, (葛亮洪 1899&ndash1978 was a British colonial administrator who governed Hong Kong. It was the beginning of the high rise buildings. Conditions in public housing were very basic with several families sharing communal cooking facilities. Other aspects of life would change as traditional cantonese opera began to overlap big screen cinemas. Cantonese opera is one of the major categories in Chinese opera, originating in southern China 's Cantonese culture. The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the Cinema of China The tourism industry would begin to formalize. The Tourism industry has been an important part of the Economy of Hong Kong since it shifted to a service sector model in the late 1980s and early 90s North Point was known as "Little Shanghai" (小上海), since in the minds of many, it has already become the replacement for the surrendered Shanghai in China[5]. North Point is a mixed-use urban area located at Eastern District Hong Kong.
The 1960s
The manufacturing industry opened a new decade utilizing large portions of the population. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders 1960s in Hong Kong continued with the development and expansion of manufacturing that began in the previous decade The period is considered the first turning point for Hong Kong's economy. The construction business would also be revamped with new detailed guidelines for the first time since World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including While Hong Kong started out with a low GDP, it would use the textile industry as the foundation to boost the economy. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. China's cultural revolution would put Hong Kong on a new political stage. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Events like the 1967 riot would fill the streets with home-made bombs and chaos. The Hong Kong 1967 riots ( Traditional Chinese: 六七暴動 began in May 1967. An improvised explosive device ( IED) is a Bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional Military action Bomb disposal experts from the police and the British military defused as many as 8,000 home-made bombs. The Armed forces of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the British Armed Forces or Her Majesty's Armed Forces, and sometimes legally the Armed Forces Statistics rated 1 in every 8 bombs were genuine[6].
Family values and Chinese tradition would be challenged like never before as people spent more time in the factories than at home. Other obstacles include water shortages, long working hours coupled with extremely low wages were all trademarks of the era. The Hong Kong Flu of 1968 would infect 15% of the population[7]. H3N2 is a subtype of the influenza A virus. Its name derives from the forms of the two kinds of Proteins on the surface of its coat Hemagglutinin (H and Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amidst all the struggle, "Made in Hong Kong" went from a label that marked cheap low-grade products to a label that marked high-quality products[8].
The 1970s
The 1970s also saw the extension of government subsidized education from six years to nine years and the creation of Hong Kong's country parks system. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders 1970s in Hong Kong underwent many changes that shaped its future Education in Hong Kong has a similar system to that of the United Kingdom, in particular the English education system of Hong Kong was modernized by the Although Hong Kong is regarded as one of the world's great cities out of the total 1092 km² of land about three-quarters is countryside
The opening of the mainland Chinese market and rising salaries drove many manufacturers north. Hong Kong consolidated its position as a commercial and tourism centre in the South-East Asia region. The Tourism industry has been an important part of the Economy of Hong Kong since it shifted to a service sector model in the late 1980s and early 90s High life expectancy, literacy, per-capita income and other socioeconomic measures attest to Hong Kong's achievements over the last four decades of the 20th Century. Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining at a given age traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, Higher income also led to the introduction of the first private housing estates with Taikoo Shing. A private housing estate ( is a Housing estate developed by a private developer in Hong Kong, as opposed to a Public housing estate built by the Hong Taikoo Shing, or Tai Koo Shing ( is a Private housing estate in Quarry Bay, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The period saw a boom in residential high rises, many of the people's homes became part of Hong Kong's skyline and scenery.
In 1974, Murray McLehose founded ICAC, the Independent Commission Against Corruption, in order to combat corruption within the police force. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Crawford Murray MacLehose Baron MacLehose of Beoch, KT, GBE, KCMG, KCVO, PC, DL ( Chinese name: 麥理浩 The Independent Commission Against Corruption ( ICAC;; and zh-t 總督特派廉政專員公署 before 1997 of Hong Kong was established by Governor The Hong Kong Police Force is the police force of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The extent of corruption was so widespread that a mass police petition took place resisting prosecutions. Despite early opposition to the ICAC by the police force, Hong Kong was quite successful in its anti-corruption efforts, eventually becoming one of the least corrupt societies in the world. Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain Since 1995, Transparency International has published an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI ordering the countries of the world according to "the degree
The 1980s
In 1982, the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, hoped that the increasing openness of the PRC government and the economic reform in the mainland would allow the continuation of British rule. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders 1980s in Hong Kong marks a period when the territory is known for its wealth and trademark lifestyle Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 The Chinese economic reform ( refers to the program of economic reforms called " Socialism with Chinese characteristics " in the People's Republic of The resulting meeting, led to the signing of Sino-British Joint Declaration and the proposal of the One country, two systems concept by Deng Xiaoping. The Sino-British Joint Declaration, formally known as the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of " One country two systems " is an idea originally proposed by Deng Xiaoping during the early 1980s then Paramount Leader of the People's Republic Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer Political news dominated the media, while real estate took a major upswing. Hong Kong's highly favorable geographical position and Entrepot trading opportunities are wealth-generating assets The financial world would also be rattled by panics, leading to waves of policy changes and Black Saturday. Black Saturday ( September 24, 1983) is the name given to the crisis when the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate was at an all time low Meanwhile Hong Kong was now recognized as one of the most wealthy representatives of the far east. At the same time, the warnings of the 1997 handover raised emigration statistics to an all new historical level. The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover "Emigrant" redirects here For the Butterflies, see Catopsilia. Many would leave Hong Kong for United States, Canada, United Kingdom and any other destination with no communist influence. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Hong Kong's Cinema would enjoy one paramount run that would put it on the international map. The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the Cinema of China Some of the biggest names included Jackie Chan and Chow Yun-Fat. Jackie Chan, SBS, MBE (born Chan Kong Sang, 陳港生 on 7 April 1954 is an Actor, action choreographer, Film director Chow Yun-Fat SBS ( born May 18, 1955) is a Chinese Actor. He is one of the most famous actors in Asia and a The music world also saw a new group of cantopop stars like Anita Mui and Leslie Cheung. Cantopop (Chinese 粵語流行曲 is a colloquial Portmanteau for " Cantonese popular music ". Anita Mui Yim-fong ( October 10, 1963 - December 30, 2003) was a popular Hong Kong Singer and Actress. Leslie Cheung Kwok-Wing ( September 12, 1956 – April 1, 2003) nicknamed elder brother (哥哥 was an Actor and Musician But everything seemed to be overshadowed by an uncertainty of the future.
The 1990s
On April 4, 1990, the Hong Kong Basic Law was officially accepted as the mini-constitution of the Hong Kong SAR after the handover. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders 1990s in Hong Kong marks a transitional period and the last decade of Colonial Hong Kong. The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, or simply Hong Kong Basic Law, serves as the Constitutional document The pro-Beijing bloc welcomed the Basic Law, calling it the most democratic legal system to ever exist in the PRC. The pro-democratic bloc criticized it as not democratic enough. In July 1992, Chris Patten was appointed as the last British Governor of Hong Kong. Christopher Francis Patten Baron Patten of Barnes, CH, PC (born 12 May 1944 in Cleveleys, Lancashire) is a prominent British Conservative The Governor of Hong Kong ( abbreviated 港督 was the head of the Hong Kong Government, ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral Patten had been Chairman of the Conservative Party in the UK until he lost his parliamentary seat in the general election earlier that year. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Results |} The turnout was 33514074 from an Electorate of 43275316 voting in a total of 651 seats Relations with the PRC government in Beijing became increasingly strained, as Patten introduced democratic reforms that increased the number of elected members in the Legislative Council. The Legislative Council ( LegCo) is the Unicameral Legislature of Hong Kong. This caused considerable annoyance to the PRC, which saw this as a breach of the Basic Law. On July 1, 1997 Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China by the United Kingdom. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The old Legislative Council, elected under Chris Patten's reforms, was replaced by the Provisional Legislative Council elected by a selection committee whose members were appointed by the PRC government. Tung Chee Hwa, elected in December by a selection committee with members appointed by the PRC government, assumed duty as the first Chief Executive of Hong Kong. Tung Chee Hwa, GBM (born 7 July 1937 Chinese calendar --> in Shanghai, China) was the first elected The Chief Executive of Hong Kong ( is the head of Hong Kong Government and the principal representative of the Hong Kong.
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Modern Hong Kong under China (post 1997 - Present)
The 2000s
The new millennium signalled a series of events. 2000s in Hong Kong began a new millennium under the People's Republic of China (PRC A sizeable portion of the population that was previously against the handover found itself living with the adjustments. Article 23 became a controversy, and led to a marches in different parts of Hong Kong with as many as 750,000 people out of a population of approximately 6,800,000 at the time. Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 is the basis (parent statute of a Security Law proposed by the Government of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 is the basis (parent statute of a Security Law proposed by the Government of Hong Kong. The government also dealt with the SARS outbreak in 2003. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Other health crisis such as the Bird Flu Pandemic (H5N1) gained momentum from the late 90s, and led to the disposal of millions of chicken and poultry. Human and bird cases 1959-1997 A highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 caused Flu outbreaks with significant spread to numerous farms The slaughtering put Hong Kong at the center of global discussions. At the same time, the economy is trying to rebound fiscally. Hong Kong Disneyland was also introduced in the much turbulent time. Hong Kong Disneyland ( is the first Theme park inside the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and is owned and managed by the Hong Kong International Theme Parks In a very short time, the political climate heated up and the Chief Executive position would be challenged culturally, politically and managerially. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong ( is the head of Hong Kong Government and the principal representative of the Hong Kong.
See also
- History of China (timeline)
- History of the People's Republic of China
- British Empire
- British nationality law and Hong Kong
- Secretary of State for War and the Colonies (1801-1854)
- Secretary of State for the Colonies (1768-1782 and 1854-1966)
- Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs (1966-1968)
- Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (since 1968)
- Governor of Hong Kong
- Declared monuments of Hong Kong
- Museums in Hong Kong
Further reading
- Linda Butenhoff: Social movements and political reform in Hong Kong, Westport, Conn. The Regional Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The following is a Timeline of the History of China. Between the changing of the dynasties, most dates overlap as ruling periods do not transfer immediately The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of Mainland China since October 1, 1949, when after a near complete victory The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. British nationality law as it pertains to Hong Kong has been a unique situation ever since Hong Kong was created a British colony in 1842 The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies. The position of Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs was created on 1 August 1966 by the merger of the old positions of Secretary of State for Commonwealth The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a member of the United Kingdom Government heading the The Governor of Hong Kong ( abbreviated 港督 was the head of the Hong Kong Government, ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral Declared monuments of Hong Kong are places structures or buildings legally declared to be "protected" The following is a list of Museums in Hong Kong: Note (LCSD indicates a museum managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department (EPD [u. a. ] : Praeger 1999, ISBN 0-275-96293-8
External links
- Hong Kong Museum of History website
- A speech script on history of Hong Kong
- Bibliography of Hong Kong Archaeology on the University of Hong Kong website
- "Story of the Stanford family and the effect of the fall of Hong Kong in 1941."
- Basic Law Drafting History Online -University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives
- Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online - University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives
- Sidney C. H. Cheung, Martyrs, Mystery and Memory Behind the Colonial Shift - Anti-British resistance movement in 1899
References
- ^ CIA gov. "CIA. " HK GDP 2004. Retrieved on 2007-03-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
- ^ Wiltshire, Trea. [First published 1987] (republished & reduced 2003). Old Hong Kong - Volume One. Central, Hong Kong: Text Form Asia books Ltd. ISBN Volume One 962-7283-59-2
- ^ Bickley, Gillian. [1997](1997). The Golden Needle: The Biography of Frederick Stewart (1836-1889). Hong Kong. ISBN 962-8027085
- ^ Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0
- ^ Wordie, Jason. [2002] (2002) Streets: Exploring Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 962-2095631
- ^ Wiltshire, Trea. [First published 1987] (republished & reduced 2003). Old Hong Kong - Volume Three. Central, Hong Kong: Text Form Asia books Ltd. Page 12. ISBN Volume Three 962-7283-61-4
- ^ Starling, Arthur. [2006] (2006) Plague, SARS, and the Story of Medicine in Hong Kong. HK University Press. ISBN 9622098053
- ^ Buckley, Roger. [1997] (1997). Hong Kong: The Road to 1997 By Roger Buckley. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521469791
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