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Silla period

Burial mounds of the Silla kings.
Burial mounds of the Silla kings.

The early history of Gyeongju is closely tied to that of the Silla kingdom, of which it was the capital. Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Gyeongju first enters non-Korean records during the Samhan period in the early Common Era. Samhan refers to the ancient confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan in central and southern Korean peninsula It is recorded in Chinese records as Saro-guk, one of twelve petty states which comprised the Jinhan confederacy. Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong Saro-guk would later become the Silla kingdom. Korean records, probably based on the dynastic chronicles of Silla, record that Saro-guk was established in 57 BCE, when six small villages in the Gyeongju area united under Bak Hyeokgose, the kingdom's first ruler. Year 57 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther Hyeokgeose of Silla (69 BCE - 4 CE r 57 BCE&ndash4 CE commonly called Park Hyeokgeose, was the founding monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea During the Silla period, the city was called "Seorabeol" (서라벌; 西羅伐), "Gyerim," or "Geumseong" (금성; 金成). The Gyerim is a small Woodland in Gyeongju National Park, Gyeongju, South Korea.

After the unification of the peninsula in the mid-7th century, Gyeongju became the center of Korean political and cultural life. The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The city was home to the Silla court, and the great majority of the kingdom's elite. Its prosperity became legendary, and was reported as far away as Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Samguk Yusa gives the city's population in this period as 119,000 households, suggesting that the total population exceeded one million. Samguk Yusa, or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, is a collection of legends folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea ( Goguryeo Many of Gyeongju's most famous sites date from this period, known as Unified Silla. Unified Silla ( 668 CE - 935 CE or Later Silla is the name often applied to the kingdom of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of

However, the city's prosperity proved short-lived. In the late ninth century the Silla kingdom declined and fell apart, giving way to the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Later Three Kingdoms of Korea (892 - 936 consisted of Silla, Hubaekje ("Later Baekje " and Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo In 927 Gyeongju was pillaged by Hubaekje, one of these later kingdoms. Events Asia The Chu State is founded by Ma Yin. Korea: Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of Hubaekje, or Later Baekje, was one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea, along with Hugoguryeo and Silla. Shortly thereafter, King Gyeongsun surrendered his title and country to Taejo, who then established the Goryeo dynasty. Taejo of Goryeo ( January 31, 877 - July 4, 943, r 918-943 was the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty which ruled Korea from The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. Gyeongju was no longer the capital of a united Korea. Gaegyeong (modern-day Kaesong) assumed that title. Kaesŏng ( Gaeseong) is a city in North Hwanghae Province southern North Korea (DPRK a former Directly Governed City, and the capital of

Goryeo and Joseon periods

Under the Goryeo dynasty (935-1392), Gyeongju was no longer of national importance. However, it remained a regional center. The city was given its modern name "Gyeongju" by Taejo in 940, and was made the seat of Yeongnam Province. Events By Place Asia Saadia Gaon compiles his Siddur (Jewish prayer book in Iraq. Yeongnam (literally "south of the passes" is the name of a region that coincides with the former Gyeongsang Province in what is now South Korea. Its had jurisdiction over a wide area, including much of east-central Yeongnam.

In 987 it was designated the "Eastern Capital," but that title was removed in 1012. Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. [1] For much of the Goryeo period, it was also the seat of the Andong Daedohobu, the Great Protectorate of the East, which oversaw military affairs for much of eastern and central Korea. However, it was stripped of this distinction as well in the 13th century, after bloody rebellions connected with the Silla restoration movement broke out in the area. The Silla restoration movement refers to a series of uprisings in Yeongnam province of Korea in the middle Goryeo dynasty At the same time, its boundaries were considerably reduced. [2]

In the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), the city declined yet further. It ceased to occupy a central position as the Great Yeongnam Road became the Gyeongsang province's chief artery. The Great Yeongnam Road, or Yeongnamdaero, was one of the principal roads of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910 This road connected Seoul to the southeastern port of Dongnae (in modern-day Busan) without passing near Gyeongju. Dongnae-gu is a gu in northern Busan, South Korea. It has a population of about 300000 and an area of 16 In 1601, the provincial capital passed to Daegu, which was located on the main road. Daegu (pronounced) also spelled Taegu (pronounced) officially called Daegu Metropolitan City, is the fourth largest city in South Korea after

Over these centuries, the city's relics suffered numerous assaults. In the 13th century, Mongol forces destroyed a nine-story wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa. Hwangnyongsa is the name of a former Buddhist temple in the city of Gyeongju, South Korea. [3] During the Seven Year War, Japanese forces burned the wooden structures at Bulguksa. Two Japanese invasions of Korea and subsequent battles on the Korean peninsula took place during the years 1592-1598 Bulguksa is a Buddhist temple in the North Gyeongsang province in South Korea. [4] Not all damage was due to invasions, however. In the early Joseon period, a great deal of damage was done to Buddhist sculptures on Namsan by Neo-Confucian radicals, who hacked arms and heads off statuary. Namsan (남산 "South Mountain" is a 494-meter peak in the heart of Gyeongju National Park, just south of Gyeongju, South Korea. Neo-Confucianism (/( is a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song Dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li [5]

Since 1900

The city's boundaries and designation changed several times in the 20th century. From 1895 to 1955, the area was known as Gyeongju-gun ("Gyeongju County"). In the first decades of the century, the city center was known as Gyeongju-myeon, signifying a relatively rural rea. In 1931, the downtown area was designated Gyeongju-eup, in recognition of its increasingly urban nature. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1955, Gyeongju-eup became Gyeongju-si ("Gyeongju City"), the same name as today but with a much smaller area. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The remainder of Gyeongju-gun became "Wolseong County. " The county and city were reunited in 1995, creating Gyeongju City as we know it today. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995

In the 20th century the city has remained relatively small, no longer ranking among the major cities of Korea. In the early 20th century many archaeological excavations took place, mostly on the many tombs which survived the centuries fairly well. A museum, the forerunner of the present-day Gyeongju National Museum, was set up in 1915 to exhibit the finds. The Gyeongju National Museum is a Museum in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province South Korea. The excavations of this period, largely carried out by Japanese archaeologists, are often accused of recklessness and plunder, although others take a more positive view. [6] Few excavation reports were ever published.

Gyeongju emerged as a railroad junction in the later years of the Japanese Occupation. The Donghae Nambu Line was completed in 1935, cutting directly through the historical areas of central Gyeongju. The Donghae Nambu Line is a railway line connecting Busan to Pohang in South Korea. The Jungang Line was completed in 1942, and Gyeongju became directly connected to Gyeongseong (present-day Seoul). The Jungang Line is a railway line connecting Cheongnyangni to Gyeongju in South Korea. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. This helped to lay the foundations for future industrial development. Thanks to these improved connections, this period also saw the town beginning to emerge as a center of tourism.

Following liberation in 1945, Korea was plunged into turmoil. Gyeongju was no exception. Returnees from abroad were numerous; a village for them was constructed in present-day Dongcheon-dong. [7] In a period marked by widespread conflict and unrest, the Gyeongju area became particularly notorious for the level of guerrilla activity in the mountains. [8]

The Korean War broke out in 1950. Most of Gyeongju was spared from the fighting, and remained under South Korean control throughout the conflict. However, for a brief time in late 1950 portions of the city stood on the front lines, as North Korean forces pushed the Pusan Perimeter southward from Pohang. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Battle of Pusan Perimeter was fought in August and September 1950 between United Nations Command forces combined with South Korean forces and the forces of [9]

In the 1970s, Korea saw substantial industrial development, much of it centered in the Yeongnam region of which Gyeongju is a part. Yeongnam (literally "south of the passes" is the name of a region that coincides with the former Gyeongsang Province in what is now South Korea. In 1971, the Gyeongbu Expressway was completed connecting Seoul and Busan, and passing through Gyeongju on the way. The Gyeongbu Expressway ( Korean: 경부 고속도로 Gyeongbu Gosok Doro) ( Asian Highway Network) is the oldest and most heavily travelled The POSCO steel mill in neighboring Pohang commenced operations in 1973, and the chemical manufacturing complex in Ulsan emerged in the same year. The Pohang Iron and Steel Company, or POSCO ( ( ( ( based in Pohang, South Korea, is the third largest Steel producer in the world These developments helped to support the emergence of the manufacturing sector in Gyeongju.

For almost all of the 20th century, the people of the city had no direct say in their government. The mayors of Gyeongju, like those of all other cities, were directly appointed by the central government, whether the government was that of the Joseon Dynasty, Japanese occupation, or modern South Korea. This changed in 1995, with the establishment of local autonomy throughout the country. The city's first elected mayor was the unaffiliated Lee Won-shik, who served from 1995 to 1998.

Notes

  1. ^  Lee (1984), pp. 115-116. Years from Gyeongju city website, [10].
  2. ^  Kookmin University (2004), p. 29. Also mentioned in Lee (1984), p. 144.
  3. ^  Lee (1984), p. 149.
  4. ^  Lee (1984), p. 214.
  5. ^  Kookmin University (2004), p. 27.
  6. ^  For the negative view, see Kookmin University (2004); for the positive view, see Kim (1982).
  7. ^  유래. Cheonbuk-myeon (Gyeongju City website). Retrieved on July 11, 2005. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  8. ^  Cumings (1997), p. 244.
  9. ^  Cumings (1997), p. 275.

References

See also

The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present For the history of the Korea before its division, see History of Korea. This is a list of articles on Korea -related people places things and concepts
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