| Hiri Motu | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Papua New Guinea | |
| Total speakers: | 120,000 (use declining since 1965) | |
| Language family: | Pidginization of True Motu. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is one of many Central Papuan languages spoken by the Motuans | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in: | Papua New Guinea | |
| Regulated by: | no official regulation | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | ho | |
| ISO 639-2: | hmo | |
| ISO 639-3: | hmo | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania This is a list of bodies that regulate Standard languages Natural languages Auxiliary languages Interlingua The auxiliary language ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
Hiri Motu, Police Motu or Pidgin Motu is an official language of Papua New Guinea. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania It is a pidgin based primarily on Motu; phonological and grammatical differences mean that Hiri Motu speakers cannot understand Motu, though the languages are lexically very similar. A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is one of many Central Papuan languages spoken by the Motuans Phonology ( Greek φωνή (phōnē voice sound + λόγος (lógos word speech subject of discussion is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language.
It has two dialects, called Austronesian and Papuan. The term Papuan languages refers to those Languages of the western Pacific which are neither Austronesian nor Australian. Both dialects are of course Austronesian in both grammar and vocabulary due to their original derivation − the dialect names refer to the "first languages" spoken by users of this lingua franca. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely The Papuan dialect (also called "Non-central") was in the language's heyday much more widely spoken, and was used as the standard for official publications, but the Austronesian (or "Central") dialect is closer to Motu in grammar and phonology, and its vocabulary is both more extensive, and also closer to the "original" language. It tended, for this reason, to have a much higher status, and was regarded by almost all speakers as more "correct".
History
The language has a history long pre-dating European contact; it was originally used by participants in the Hiri trade cycle (principally in sago and clay pots) between the Motu people and their neighbours on the south east coast of the island of New Guinea. Hiri is the name for the traditional Trade voyages that formed an important part of the culture of the Motu people of Papua New Guinea. Sago is a Starch extracted from the Pith inside stems of the sago palm Metroxylon sagu Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware The Motuans are native inhabitants of Papua New Guinea, living along the southern coastal area of the country New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known In early colonial days its use was spread by its adoption by the Royal Papua Constabulary (hence the name "Police Motu"). Tok Pisin was not widely used in Papua New Guinea south of the Owen Stanley Ranges until after World War II, and by the early 60s Hiri Motu had probably reached its widest use, being the normal lingua franca of a large part of the country. Tok Pisin ( tok means "word" or "speech" as in "talk" pisin means " Pidgin " is a creole spoken throughout Owen Stanley Range is the south-eastern part of the central mountain-chain in Papua New Guinea. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It was in fact the first language of many people whose parents came from different language groups. However, since the early seventies, if not earlier, the use of Hiri Motu as a day-to-day lingua franca in its old "range" has been gradually declining in favour of Tok Pisin; speakers nowadays tend to be elderly, and concentrated in Central Province and Gulf Province. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely Central Province is a province in Papua New Guinea located on the southern coast of the country Gulf Province is a province of Papua New Guinea located on the southern coast Reflecting this situation, younger speakers of the "parent language" (Motu proper) tend to be unfamiliar with Hiri Motu, and few of them understand or speak it well, which was certainly not the case a generation or two ago.
References
- Dutton, Tom (1985). Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Police Motu: Iena Sivarai (its story). Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: The University of Papua New Guinea Press. ||-||-||-||-||-||} Port Moresby (ˌpɔrt ˈmɔrzbi or Pot Mosbi in Tok Pisin, population 255000 (2000 is the Capital and largest city of Papua Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania
- Lister-Turner, R and Clark, J. B. (1931), A Dictionary of the Motu Language of Papua, 2nd Edition (P. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Chatterton, ed). Sydney, New South Wales: Government Printer. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4
- Lister-Turner, R and Clark, J. B. (1931), A Grammar of the Motu Language of Papua, 2nd Edition (P. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Chatterton, ed). Sydney, New South Wales: Government Printer. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4
- Brett, Richard; Brown, Raymond; Brown, Ruth and Foreman, Velma. (1962), A Survey of Motu and Police Motu. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: Summer Institute of Linguistics. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania SIL International (the official name of what was originally the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a worldwide U
External links
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic