Singer of a modern Hippie movement in Russia

The Hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world, The word hippie derives from hipster, and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district. A youth movement is any attempt to organize individual young people into a unified identity The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, US, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury Streets These people inherited the countercultural values of the Beat generation, created their own communities, listened to psychedelic rock, embraced the sexual revolution, and used drugs such as cannabis and LSD to explore alternative states of consciousness. The Counterculture of the 1960s and early 1970s refers to a period between 1960 and 1973 that began in the United States as a reaction against Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. The sexual revolution refers to the well-documented changes in social thought and codes of behaviour related to sexuality throughout the Western world that continues to evolve Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a

In 1967, the Human Be-In in San Francisco popularized hippie culture, leading to the legendary Summer of Love on the West Coast of the United States, and the 1969 Woodstock Festival on the East Coast. The Human Be-In was a Happening in San Francisco 's Golden Gate Park, the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city This article refers to the summer of 1967 For the film of a similar name please go to My Summer of Love. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States In Mexico, the jipitecas formed La Onda Chicana and gathered at "Avándaro", while in New Zealand, nomadic housetruckers practiced alternative lifestyles and promoted sustainable energy at Nambassa. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. La Onda ( Spanish for The Wave in English) refers to the Mexican Counterculture of the 1960s. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Housetruckers are individuals families and groups who convert old trucks and School buses into mobile-homes and live in them preferring an unattached and transient lifestyle Nambassa was a series of Hippie -conceived festivals held between 1976 and 1981 on large farms around Waihi and Waikino in New Zealand - Aotearoa In the United Kingdom, mobile "peace convoys" of New age travellers made summer pilgrimages to free music festivals at Stonehenge. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance Stonehenge is a Prehistoric Monument located in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury

Hippie fashions and values had a major effect on culture, influencing popular music, television, film, literature, and the arts. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Since the 1960s, many aspects of hippie culture have been assimilated by the mainstream. The religious and cultural diversity espoused by the hippies has gained widespread acceptance, and Eastern philosophy and spiritual concepts have reached a wide audience. Cultural diversity encompasses the cultural differences that exist between people such as language dress and traditions and the way societies organize themselves their conception of Eastern philosophy refers very broadly to the various philosophies of Asia, including Indian philosophy, Chinese philosophy, Persian The hippie legacy can be observed in contemporary culture in a myriad of forms—from health food, to music festivals, to contemporary sexual mores, and even to the cyberspace revolution. The term Health food has been used in the United States since the 1920s to refer to specific foods claimed to be especially beneficial to Health. A music festival is a Festival oriented towards Music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as Musical genre, Nationality or locality The sexual revolution refers to the well-documented changes in social thought and codes of behaviour related to sexuality throughout the Western world that continues to evolve Cyberspace &mdash from the Greek el Κυβερνήτης (el kybernētēs steersman governor pilot or rudder &mdash is the global domain of electro-magnetics accessed

Etymology

Main article: Hippie (etymology)

Lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower, the principal American editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, argues that the terms "hipster" and "hippie" derive from the word "hip", whose origins are unknown. See also Hippie According to lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower, the principal American editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, the terms hipster Jesse Sheidlower (born August 5 is an Author and Editor specializing in English Linguistics and Lexicography. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English Hip is a Slang term meaning fashionably current and in the know. ^[1] The term "hipster" was coined by Harry Gibson in 1940,^[2] and was often used in the 1940s and 1950s to describe jazz performers. Harry "The Hipster" Gibson ( June 27, 1915 - May 3, 1991) was a Jazz Pianist, Singer, and Songwriter Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The word "hippie" is also jazz slang from the 1940s, and one of the first recorded usages of the word "hippie" was in a radio show on November 13, 1945, in which Stan Kenton called Harry Gibson, "Hippie". Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Stanley Newcomb Kenton ( December 15, 1911 – August 25, 1979) was a pianist who led a highly innovative influential and often controversial Harry "The Hipster" Gibson ( June 27, 1915 - May 3, 1991) was a Jazz Pianist, Singer, and Songwriter ^[3][4] However, Kenton's use of the word was playing off Gibson's nickname "Harry the Hipster. " Reminiscing about late 1940s Harlem in his 1964 autobiography, Malcolm X referred to the word "hippy" as a term that African Americans used to describe a specific type of white man who "acted more Negro than Negroes. Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19 1925 February 21 1965 also known as El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz, was an African American African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. Negro is a term referring to people of Black African ancestry "^[5]

Although the word "hippie" made isolated appearances during the early 1960s, the first clearly contemporary use of the term appeared in print on September 5, 1965, in the article, "A New Haven for Beatniks", by San Francisco journalist Michael Fallon. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people In that article, Fallon wrote about the Blue Unicorn coffeehouse, using the term "hippie" to refer to the new generation of beatniks who had moved from North Beach into the Haight-Ashbury district. A coffeehouse ( French / Portuguese: café; Spanish: cafetería; Italian: caffè Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, US, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury Streets

In 2002, photojournalist John Bassett McCleary published a 650-page, 6,000-entry unabridged slang dictionary devoted to the language of the hippies titled The Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s. A slang dictionary is a Reference book containing an Alphabetical list of Slang, Vernacular Vocabulary not generally acceptable The book was revised and expanded to 700-pages in 2004. ^[6] McCleary believes that the hippie counterculture added a significant number of words to the English language by borrowing from the lexicon of the beat generation, shortening words and popularizing their usage. ^[7]

History

Main article: History of the hippie movement

The foundation of the hippie movement finds historical precedent as far back as the counterculture of the Ancient Greeks, espoused by philosophers like Diogenes of Sinope and the Cynics. See also Hippie See also History of subcultures in the 20th century, History of the United States (1964–1980 A 1967 article in Time Magazine The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Diogenes (Διογένης ὁ Σινωπεύς Diogenes ho Sinopeus) "the Cynic " Greek Philosopher, was born in Sinope The Cynics (Κυνικοί Cynici were an influential group of Philosophers from the ancient school of Cynicism ^[8] Hippie philosophy also credits the religious and spiritual teachings of Jesus Christ, Hillel the Elder, Buddha, St. Francis of Assisi, Henry David Thoreau, and Gandhi. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Hillel (הלל (born Babylon traditionally c110BCE-10CE in Jerusalem) was a famous Jewish religious leader one of the most important figures in Jewish Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder For the opera by Olivier Messiaen see Saint-François d'Assise. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January ^[8] The first signs of what we would call modern "proto-hippies" emerged in fin de siècle Europe. Fin de siècle (fɑ̃ dɛ si'ɛːkl French for ‛end of the century‘ was a cultural movement between 1880 and the beginning of World War I. Between 1896-1908, a German youth movement arose as a countercultural reaction to the organized social and cultural clubs that centered around German folk music. Known as Der Wandervogel ("migratory bird"), the movement opposed the formality of traditional German clubs, instead emphasizing amateur music and singing, creative dress, and communal outings involving hiking and camping. Wandervogel is the name adopted by a popular movement of German Youth groups from 1896 onward ^[9] Inspired by the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Goethe, Hermann Hesse, and Eduard Baltzer, Wandervogel attracted thousands of young Germans who rejected the rapid trend toward urbanization and yearned for the pagan, back-to-nature spiritual life of their ancestors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Hermann Hesse (ˈhɛʀman ˈhɛsə ( 2 July, 1877 — 9 August, 1962) was a German - Swiss poet novelist and painter ^[10] During the first several decades of the twentieth century, Germans settled around the United States, bringing the values of the Wandervogel with them. Some opened the first health food stores, and many moved to Southern California where they could practice an alternative lifestyle in a warm climate. A health food store is a type of Grocery store that primarily sells Health food, Organic foods local produce and often Nutritional supplements Over time, young Americans adopted the beliefs and practices of the new immigrants. One group, called the "Nature Boys", took to the California desert and raised organic food, espousing a back-to-nature lifestyle like the Wandervogel. Songwriter Eden Ahbez wrote a hit song called Nature Boy inspired by Robert Bootzin (Gypsy Boots), who helped popularize yoga, organic food, and health food in the United States. eden ahbez (born George Alexander Aberle in Brooklyn New York on April 15, 1908; died March 4, 1995) was an American " Nature Boy " is a song by Eden ahbez, published in 1947 Robert Bootzin ( August 19, 1914 - August 8, 2004) was an American fitness pioneer Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the Organic foods are produced according to certain production standards, meaning they are grown without the use of conventional Pesticides artificial Fertilizers

Like Wandervogel, the hippie movement in the United States began as a youth movement. Composed mostly of white teenagers and young adults between the ages of 15 and 25 years old,^[11][12] hippies inherited a tradition of cultural dissent from bohemians and beatniks of the Beat Generation in the late 1950s. The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists ^[12] Beats like Allen Ginsberg crossed-over from the beat movement and became fixtures of the burgeoning hippie and anti-war movements. Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. By 1965, hippies had become an established social group in the U. In Sociology, a group can be defined as two or more Humans that interact with one another accept expectations and obligations as members of the group and share a S. , and the movement eventually expanded to other countries,^[13][14] extending as far as the United Kingdom and Europe, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico, and Brazil. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. La Onda ( Spanish for The Wave in English) refers to the Mexican Counterculture of the 1960s. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld ^[15] The hippie ethos influenced The Beatles and others in the United Kingdom and Europe, and they in turn influenced their American counterparts. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[16] Hippie culture spread worldwide through a fusion of rock music, folk, blues, and psychedelic rock; it also found expression in literature, the dramatic arts, fashion, and the visual arts, including film, posters advertising rock concerts, and album covers. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. The 1960s featured a number of diverse trends It was a decade that broke with many fashion traditions that mirrored social movements during the period An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public ^[17] Self-described hippies had become a significant minority by 1968, representing just under 0. 2% of the U. S. population^[18] before declining in the mid-1970s. ^[13]

Along with the New Left and the American Civil Rights Movement, the hippie movement was one of three dissenting groups of the 1960s counterculture. The New Left were the Left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism instead adopted a The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African ^[14] Hippies rejected established institutions, criticized middle class values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War, embraced aspects of Eastern philosophy,^[19] championed sexual liberation, were often vegetarian and eco-friendly, promoted the use of psychedelic drugs to expand one's consciousness, and created intentional communities or communes. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War is significant because domestic protest in the U Eastern philosophy refers very broadly to the various philosophies of Asia, including Indian philosophy, Chinese philosophy, Persian The sexual revolution refers to the well-documented changes in social thought and codes of behaviour related to sexuality throughout the Western world that continues to evolve Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea Environmental friendly, eco-friendly, and nature friendly are synonyms used to refer to Goods and services considered to inflict minimal harm Psychedelic drugs are Psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain and perception of the mind An intentional community is a planned Residential community designed to have a much higher degree of Teamwork than other communities They used alternative arts, street theatre, folk music, and psychedelic rock as a part of their lifestyle and as a way of expressing their feelings, their protests and their vision of the world and life. Street theatre is a form of theatrical Performance and presentation in outdoor Public spaces without a specific paying Audience. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Hippies opposed political and social orthodoxy, choosing a gentle and nondoctrinaire ideology that favored peace, love and personal freedom,^[20][21] perhaps best epitomized by The Beatles' song "All You Need is Love". The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 " All You Need Is Love " is a song written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon/McCartney. ^[22] Hippies perceived the dominant culture as a corrupt, monolithic entity that exercised undue power over their lives, calling this culture "The Establishment", "Big Brother", or "The Man". The Establishment is a Pejorative term used to refer to the traditional Ruling class Elite and the structures of society that they control Big Brother is a Fictional character in George Orwell 's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the This page is about the phrase for other uses of the phrase see The Man (disambiguation. ^[23][24][25] Noting that they were "seekers of meaning and value", scholars like Timothy Miller describe hippies as a new religious movement. Timothy Miller raped jonathan smith in the cuboard of T2 is a Historian of Religion whose special interest is New religious movements A new religious movement or NRM is a term used to refer to a religious faith or an ethical spiritual or philosophical movement of recent origin that is not part ^[26]

Early hippies (1960–1966)

"Escapin' through the lily fields / I came across an empty space / It trembled and exploded / Left a bus stop in its place / The bus came by and I got on / That's when it all began / There was cowboy Neal / At the wheel / Of a bus to never-ever land"
- Grateful Dead, lyrics from "That's It for the Other One"^[27]

During the early 1960s novelist Ken Kesey and The Merry Pranksters lived communally in California. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels The Merry Pranksters are a group of people who originally formed around American Author Ken Kesey in 1964 and sometimes lived communally at his Members included Beat Generation hero Neal Cassady, Ken Babbs, Mountain Girl, Wavy Gravy, Paul Krassner, Stewart Brand, Del Close, Paul Foster, George Walker, Sandy Lehmann-Haupt and others. Neal Leon Cassady ( February 8, 1926 &ndash February 4, 1968) was a major personage of the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the Ken Babbs (born 1939 is a famous Merry Prankster who became one of the Psychedelic leaders of the 1960s Carolyn Elizabeth Adams (born on May 6, 1946 in Poughkeepsie New York) The Grateful Dead song "Here Comes Sunshine" may or may Wavy Gravy (born Hugh Nanton Romney on May 15, 1936) is a life-long activist for peace and personal empowerment best known for his Hippie Paul Krassner (born April 9, 1932) was the founder editor and a frequent contributor to the Freethought magazine The Realist, first Stewart Brand (born December 14, 1938 in Rockford Illinois) is an Author, editor, and creator of The Whole Earth Catalog Del Close ( March 9, 1934 – March 4, 1999) along with Keith Johnstone, Paul Sills, Dudley Riggs and Viola Paul Foster was a Merry Prankster best known for illustrating the book Ken Kesey's Garage Sale. George Walker may refer to In arts and letters: George Walker (Puritan George Walker (chess player (1803-1879 English chess Their early escapades were documented in Tom Wolfe's book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr (born March 2, 1931 in Richmond, Virginia) known as Tom Wolfe, is a Best-selling The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test is a work of Literary journalism by Tom Wolfe, published in 1968 With Cassady at the wheel of a school bus named Furthur, the Merry Pranksters traveled across the United States to celebrate the publication of Kesey's novel Sometimes a Great Notion and to visit the 1964 World's Fair in New York City. Furthur was a 1939 International Harvester School bus purchased by author Ken Kesey in 1964 for $1250 from Andre Hobson in Atherton California Sometimes a Great Notion is Ken Kesey 's second novel published in 1964 Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the The City of New York The Pranksters were known for using marijuana, amphetamines, and LSD, and during their journey they "turned on" many people to these drugs. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a Chemical substance that acts primarily upon the Central nervous system where it alters Brain The Merry Pranksters filmed and audiotaped their bus trips, creating an immersive multimedia experience that would later be presented to the public in the form of festivals and concerts.

During this period Cambridge, Massachusetts, Greenwich Village in New York City, and Berkeley, California, anchored the American folk music circuit. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. Greenwich Village (ˌgrɛnɪtʃ ˈvɪlɪdʒ often simply called the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern Manhattan The City of New York Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Berkeley's two coffee houses, the Cabale Creamery and the Jabberwock, sponsored performances by folk music artists in a beat setting. ^[28] In April 1963, Chandler A. Laughlin III, co-founder of the Cabale Creamery,^[29] established a kind of tribal, family identity among approximately fifty people who attended a traditional, all-night Native American peyote ceremony in a rural setting. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Lophophora williamsii (loʊˈfɒfərə wɪlˈjæmsiaɪ lō-fof′ŏ-ră will-yăm′sē-ī better known by its common name Peyote, (from the This ceremony combined a psychedelic experience with traditional Native American spiritual values; these people went on to sponsor a unique genre of musical expression and performance at the Red Dog Saloon in the isolated, old-time mining town of Virginia City, Nevada. A psychedelic experience is characterized by the perception of aspects of one's mind previously unknown or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ordinary ^[30]

In the summer of 1965, Laughlin recruited much of the original talent that led to a unique amalgam of traditional folk music and the developing psychedelic rock scene. ^[30] He and his cohorts created what became known as "The Red Dog Experience", featuring previously unknown musical acts—Big Brother and the Holding Company, Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, The Charlatans, The Grateful Dead and others—who played in the completely refurbished, intimate setting of Virginia City's Red Dog Saloon. Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the Psychedelic rock movement Quicksilver Messenger Service is an American Psychedelic rock band formed in 1965 in San Francisco and considered as a part of the city's The Charlatans were an influential Psychedelic rock band that played a pivotal role in the development of the San Francisco music scene in the 1960s The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. There was no clear delineation between "performers" and "audience" in "The Red Dog Experience", during which music, psychedelic experimentation, a unique sense of personal style and Bill Ham's first primitive light shows combined to create a new sense of community. ^[31] Laughlin and George Hunter of the Charlatans were true "proto-hippies", with their long hair, boots and outrageous clothing of distinctly American (and Native American) heritage. ^[30] LSD manufacturer Owsley Stanley lived in Berkeley during 1965 and provided much of the LSD that became a seminal part of the "Red Dog Experience", the early evolution of psychedelic rock and budding hippie culture. Owsley Stanley (born Augustus Owsley Stanley IIII, January 19, 1935) also known as The Bear, was an underground LSD chemist the first At the Red Dog Saloon, The Charlatans were the first psychedelic rock band to play live (albeit unintentionally) loaded on LSD. ^[32]

When they returned to San Francisco, Red Dog participants Luria Castell, Ellen Harman and Alton Kelley created a collective called "The Family Dog. "^[30] Modeled on their Red Dog experiences, on October 16, 1965, the Family Dog hosted "A Tribute to Dr. Strange" at Longshoreman's Hall. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Doctor Strange is a Fictional character, a Comic book sorcerer and Superhero in the. ^[33] Attended by approximately 1,000 of the Bay Area's original "hippies", this was San Francisco's first psychedelic rock performance, costumed dance and light show, featuring Jefferson Airplane, The Great Society and The Marbles. Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the Psychedelic rock movement For the political action of President Johnson see Great Society The Great Society was a 1960s San Francisco Rock band in the Two other events followed before year's end, one at California Hall and one at the Matrix. ^[30] After the first three Family Dog events, a much larger psychedelic event occurred at San Francisco's Longshoreman's Hall. Called "The Trips Festival", it took place on January 21–January 23, 1966, and was organized by Stewart Brand, Ken Kesey, Owsley Stanley and others. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Stewart Brand (born December 14, 1938 in Rockford Illinois) is an Author, editor, and creator of The Whole Earth Catalog Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels Owsley Stanley (born Augustus Owsley Stanley IIII, January 19, 1935) also known as The Bear, was an underground LSD chemist the first Ten thousand people attended this sold-out event, with a thousand more turned away each night. ^[34] On Saturday January 22, the Grateful Dead and Big Brother and the Holding Company came on stage, and 6,000 people arrived to imbibe punch spiked with LSD and to witness one of the first fully-developed light shows of the era. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene ^[35]

By February 1966, the Family Dog became Family Dog Productions under organizer Chet Helms, promoting happenings at the Avalon Ballroom and the Fillmore Auditorium in initial cooperation with Bill Graham. Chet Helms ( August 2 1942 – June 25 2005) often called the father of San Francisco's "1967 Summer of Love" was a Music promoter The Avalon Ballroom is a legendary music venue in the Polk Gulch neighborhood of San Francisco that operated briefly from 1966 until 1968 and again from 2003 to the present For the San Francisco neighborhood see Fillmore District. For other venues named Fillmore see Fillmore#Music venues. William Carvel "Bill" Graham PC QC (born March 17, 1939, in Montreal Quebec) is a former Canadian politician The Avalon Ballroom, the Fillmore Auditorium and other venues provided settings where participants could partake of the full psychedelic music experience. Bill Ham, who had pioneered the original Red Dog light shows, perfected his art of liquid light projection, which combined light shows and film projection and became synonymous with the San Francisco ballroom experience. ^[31][30][36] The sense of style and costume that began at the Red Dog Saloon flourished when San Francisco's Fox Theater went out of business and hippies bought up its costume stock, reveling in the freedom to dress up for weekly musical performances at their favorite ballrooms. As San Francisco Chronicle music columnist Ralph J. Gleason put it, "They danced all night long, orgiastic, spontaneous and completely free form. Ralph J Gleason (1917-1975 was an influential American Jazz and pop music critic "^[30]

Some of the earliest San Francisco hippies were former students at San Francisco State College^[38] who became intrigued by the developing psychedelic hippie music scene. San Francisco State University (informally referred to as San Francisco State, SF State, State and SFSU) is a public University ^[30] These students joined the bands they loved, living communally in the large, inexpensive Victorian apartments in the Haight-Ashbury. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, US, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury Streets ^[39] Young Americans around the country began moving to San Francisco, and by June 1966, around 15,000 hippies had moved into the Haight. ^[40] The Charlatans, Jefferson Airplane, Big Brother and the Holding Company, and the Grateful Dead all moved to San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood during this period. The Charlatans were an influential Psychedelic rock band that played a pivotal role in the development of the San Francisco music scene in the 1960s Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the Psychedelic rock movement Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, US, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury Streets Activity centered around the Diggers, a guerrilla street theatre group that combined spontaneous street theatre, anarchistic action, and art happenings in their agenda to create a "free city. The Diggers were a radical community-action group of Improv actors operating from 1966-68 based in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one A happening is a performance event or situation meant to be considered as Art. " By late 1966, the Diggers opened free stores which simply gave away their stock, provided free food, distributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free music concerts, and performed works of political art. Give-away shops, freeshops, or free stores are second-hand stores where all goods are free ^[41]

On October 6, 1966, the state of California declared LSD a controlled substance, which made the drug illegal. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ^[42] In response to the criminalization of psychedelics, San Francisco hippies staged a gathering in the Golden Gate Park panhandle, called the Love Pageant Rally,^[42] attracting an estimated 700–800 people. The Panhandle is a Park in San Francisco, California that forms a Panhandle with Golden Gate Park. The Love Pageant Rally took place on October 6, 1966 — the day LSD became illegal — in the 'panhandle' of Golden Gate Park, a narrower section ^[43] As explained by Allan Cohen, co-founder of the San Francisco Oracle, the purpose of the rally was twofold — to draw attention to the fact that LSD had just been made illegal, and to demonstrate that people who used LSD were not criminals, nor were they mentally ill. The Oracle of the City of San Francisco, also known as the San Francisco Oracle was an Underground newspaper published from September 20 1966 The Grateful Dead played, and some sources claim that LSD was consumed at the rally. According to Cohen, those who took LSD "were not guilty of using illegal substances. . . We were celebrating transcendental consciousness, the beauty of the universe, the beauty of being. "^[44]

Summer of Love (1967)

An example of a tie dyed t-shirt. Tie-dye is typically brightly colored patterned Textile or clothing which is made from knit or woven fabric usually Cotton, through a Resist dyeing A T-shirt (or tee shirt) is a Shirt which is pulled on over the head to cover most of a person's Torso. Tie dying in the late '60s and early '70s was considered part of the psychedelic movement.

On January 14, 1967, the outdoor Human Be-In in San Francisco popularized hippie culture across the United States, with 20,000 hippies gathering in Golden Gate Park. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Human Be-In was a Happening in San Francisco 's Golden Gate Park, the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967. Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco California, is a large Urban park consisting of 1017 acres (4 On March 26, Lou Reed, Edie Sedgwick and 10,000 hippies came together in Manhattan for the Central Park Be-In on Easter Sunday. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Lewis Allan Reed (born March 2 1942 is an American rock Singer-songwriter and Guitarist. Edith Minturn "Edie" Sedgwick ( April 20, 1943 &ndash November 16, 1971) was an American actress Socialite Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Between 1967 and 1968 several "be-ins" were held in Central Park to protest against various issues such as US involvement in the Vietnam War and Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. ^[45] The Monterey Pop Festival from June 16 to June 18 introduced the rock music of the counterculture to a wide audience and marked the start of the "Summer of Love. The Monterey International Pop Music Festival was a three-day concert event held June 16 to June 18 1967 at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in Monterey Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries This article refers to the summer of 1967 For the film of a similar name please go to My Summer of Love. "^[46] Scott McKenzie's rendition of John Phillips' song, "San Francisco", became a hit in the United States and Europe. Scott McKenzie (born Philip Blondheim on January 10 1939, Jacksonville, Florida) is an American Singer, best "San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair" is a Song, written by John Phillips of The Mamas & the Papas, and sung by Scott The lyrics, "If you're going to San Francisco, be sure to wear some flowers in your hair", inspired thousands of young people from all over the world to travel to San Francisco, sometimes wearing flowers in their hair and distributing flowers to passersby, earning them the name, "Flower Children. Flower child or Flower Children usually someone born between 1940 and 1955 originated as a synonym for Hippie, especially those who gathered in San Francisco " Bands like the Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Company (with Janis Joplin), and Jefferson Airplane continued to live in the Haight, but by the end of the summer, the incessant media coverage led the Diggers to declare the "death" of the hippie with a parade. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene Janis Lyn Joplin ( January 19, 1943  – October 4, 1970) was an American singer songwriter and music arranger from Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the Psychedelic rock movement ^[47] According to the late poet Stormi Chambless, the hippies buried an effigy of a hippie in the Panhandle to demonstrate the end of his/her reign. The Panhandle is a Park in San Francisco, California that forms a Panhandle with Golden Gate Park.

Regarding this period of history, the July 7, 1967, Time magazine featured a cover story entitled, "The Hippies: The Philosophy of a Subculture. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and " The article described the guidelines of the hippie code: "Do your own thing, wherever you have to do it and whenever you want. Drop out. Leave society as you have known it. Leave it utterly. Blow the mind of every straight person you can reach. Turn them on, if not to drugs, then to beauty, love, honesty, fun. "^[48] It is estimated that around 100,000 people traveled to San Francisco in the summer of 1967. The media was right behind them, casting a spotlight on the Haight-Ashbury district and popularizing the "hippie" label. With this increased attention, hippies found support for their ideals of love and peace but were also criticized for their anti-work, pro-drug, and permissive ethos. Misgivings about the hippie culture, particularly with regard to drug abuse and lenient morality, fueled the moral panics of the late 1960s. Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions related to taking a Psychoactive drug or Performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect A moral panic can be defined as "the intensity of feeling expressed by a large number of people about a specific group of people who appear to threaten the social order at a given ^[49]

Revolution (1968–1969)

Joe Cocker at Woodstock 1969

In April 1969, the building of People's Park in Berkeley, California received international attention. People's Park in Berkeley California, USA is a park off Telegraph Avenue, bounded by Haste and Bowditch Streets and Dwight Way near the University The University of California, Berkeley had demolished all the buildings on a 2. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley 8 acre parcel near campus, intending to use the land to build playing fields and a parking lot. After a long delay, during which the site became a dangerous eyesore, thousands of ordinary Berkeley citizens, merchants, students, and hippies took matters into their own hands, planting trees, shrubs, flowers and grass to convert the land into a park. A major confrontation ensued on May 15, 1969, and Governor Ronald Reagan ordered a two-week occupation of the city of Berkeley by the United States National Guard. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard. Flower power came into its own during this occupation as hippies engaged in acts of civil disobedience to plant flowers in empty lots all over Berkeley under the slogan "Let A Thousand Parks Bloom. Flower power was a Slogan used by Hippies (aka Flower Children) during the late 1960s and early 1970s as a symbol of Non-violence Ideology Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain Laws demands and commands of a Government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical "

In August 1969, the Woodstock Music and Art Festival took place in Bethel, New York, which for many, exemplified the best of hippie counterculture. See also Bethel Pine Plains, New York Bethel is a Town in Sullivan County, New York, USA Over 500,000 people arrived to hear the most notable musicians and bands of the era, among them Richie Havens, Joan Baez, Janis Joplin, The Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Carlos Santana, The Who, Jefferson Airplane, and Jimi Hendrix. Richie Havens (born January 21, 1941) is an American folk Singer and Guitarist. Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known Janis Lyn Joplin ( January 19, 1943  – October 4, 1970) was an American singer songwriter and music arranger from The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Creedence Clearwater Revival (often abbreviated CCR) was an American Rock and roll band who gained popularity in the late 1960s and early 1970s with Crosby Stills & Nash ( CSN) is a Folk rock / rock supergroup made up of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash For the Costa Rican football player see Carlos Santana (footballer; for the Mexican academic see Carlos Santana Morales. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the Psychedelic rock movement James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Wavy Gravy's Hog Farm provided security and attended to practical needs, and the hippie ideals of love and human fellowship seemed to have gained real-world expression. Wavy Gravy (born Hugh Nanton Romney on May 15, 1936) is a life-long activist for peace and personal empowerment best known for his Hippie The Hog Farm is an organization considered to be America's longest running Hippie commune.

In December 1969, a similar event took place in Altamont, California, about 30 miles (45 km) east of San Francisco. Altamont Pass (el 755 ft / 230 m is a pass in Northern California, United States, located in the Diablo Range between Livermore Initially billed as "Woodstock West", its official name was The Altamont Free Concert. The Altamont Speedway Free Festival was an infamous Rock concert held on December 6, 1969, at the then-disused Altamont Speedway in About 300,000 people gathered to hear The Rolling Stones; Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young; Jefferson Airplane and other bands. Crosby Stills & Nash ( CSN) is a Folk rock / rock supergroup made up of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the Psychedelic rock movement The Hells Angels provided security that proved far less beneficent than the security provided at the Woodstock event: 18-year-old Meredith Hunter was stabbed and killed during The Rolling Stones performance. The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club ( HAMC) is a world-wide " one-percenter " motorcycle gang whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson Meredith Hunter ( October 24, 1951 &ndash December 6, 1969) was a spectator at the infamous Altamont Free Concert.

Aftershocks (1970–present)

At the Rainbow World Gathering 2006 in Costa Rica

By 1970, the 1960s zeitgeist that had spawned hippie culture seemed to be on the wane. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in Zeitgeist ( pronounced) is a German language expression literally translated Zeit time; Geist spirit, meaning "the ^[50][51] The events at Altamont shocked many Americans, including those who had strongly identified with hippie culture. Another shock came in the form of the Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca murders committed in August 1969 by Charles Manson and his "family" of followers. Sharon Marie Tate (January 24 1943 – August 9 1969 was an American actress. Pasqualino Antonio "Leno" LaBianca ( August 6, 1925 - August 10, 1969) and his wife Rosemary LaBianca ( December 15 Nevertheless, the oppressive political atmosphere that featured the bombing of Cambodia and shootings by National Guardsmen at Jackson State University and Kent State University still brought people together. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard. Jackson State University (also known as Jackson State or JSU) is a historically black university located in Jackson Mississippi founded in 1877 Kent State University (also known as Kent, Kent State, or KSU) is one of America’s largest university systems the third largest university These shootings inspired the May 1970 song by Quicksilver Messenger Service "What About Me?", where they sang, "You keep adding to my numbers as you shoot my people down. Quicksilver Messenger Service is an American Psychedelic rock band formed in 1965 in San Francisco and considered as a part of the city's "

Much of hippie style had been integrated into mainstream American society by the early 1970s. Mainstream is generally the common current of Thought of the Majority. ^[52][53][54] Large rock concerts that originated with the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival and the 1968 Isle of Wight Festival became the norm. The Monterey International Pop Music Festival was a three-day concert event held June 16 to June 18 1967 at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in Monterey The Isle of Wight Festival is a Music festival which takes place annually on the Isle of Wight, England. In the mid-1970s, with the end of the draft and the Vietnam War, and a renewal of patriotic sentiment associated with the approach of the United States Bicentennial, the mainstream media lost interest in the hippie counterculture. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Patriotism is commonly defined as love of and/or devotion to one's country The United States Bicentennial was celebrated on Sunday July 4, 1976, the 200th Anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence Acid rock gave way to heavy metal, disco, and punk rock. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Hippies became targets for ridicule. While many hippies made a long-term commitment to the lifestyle, some younger people argue that hippies "sold out" during the 1980s and became part of the materialist, consumer culture. ^[55][56]

Although not as visible as it once was, hippie culture has never died out completely: hippies and neo-hippies can still be found on college campuses, on communes, and at gatherings and festivals. Many embrace the hippie values of peace, love, and community, and hippies may still be found in bohemian enclaves around the world. The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists ^[15]

Ethos and characteristics

Volkswagen Type 2

Hippies sought to free themselves from societal restrictions, choose their own ways, and find new meanings in life. The Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. One expression of hippie independence from societal norms was found in their standard of dress and grooming, which made hippies instantly recognizable to one another, and served as a visual symbol of their respect for individual rights. Through their appearance, hippies declared their willingness to question authority, and distanced themselves from the "straight", or more conformist, segments of society. ^[57]

As in the beat movement preceding them, and the punk movement that followed soon after, hippie symbols and iconography were purposely borrowed from either "low" or "primitive" cultures, with hippie fashion reflecting a disorderly, often vagrant style. The punk subculture is based around Punk rock. It emerged from the larger Rock music scene in the mid-to-late-1970s in the United Kingdom, the United See also Vagrancy (biology for an alternative use of the term ^[58] As with other adolescent, white middle-class movements, deviant behavior of the hippies involved challenging the prevailing gender differences of their time: both men and women in the hippie movement wore jeans and maintained long hair,^[59] and both genders wore sandals or went barefoot. Deviance describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules (e A Gender difference is a distinction of biological and/or physiological characteristics typically associated with either males or females of a species in general ^[40] Men often wore beards,^[60] while women wore little or no makeup, with many going braless. See also Brassiere The history of the bra is inextricably intertwined with the social History of the status of Women, including the evolution of "^[40] Hippies often chose brightly colored clothing and wore unusual styles, such as bell-bottom pants, vests, tie-dyed garments, dashikis, peasant blouses, and long, full skirts; non-Western inspired clothing with Native American, African and Latin American motifs were also popular. Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Bell-bottoms is a Trousers that become wider from the Knees downwards Tie-dye is typically brightly colored patterned Textile or clothing which is made from knit or woven fabric usually Cotton, through a Resist dyeing The dashiki is a colorful men's garment widely worn in West Africa that covers the top half of the body Much of hippie clothing was self-made in defiance of corporate culture, and hippies often purchased their clothes from flea markets and second-hand shops. ^[61] Favored accessories for both men and women included Native American jewelry, head scarves, headbands and long beaded necklaces. Love beads are one of the traditional accoutrements of Hippies They consist of one or more long strings of Beads frequently handmade worn about the neck by both ^[40] Hippie homes, vehicles and other possessions were often decorated with psychedelic art. Psychedelic art is art inspired by the psychedelic experience induced by drugs such as gymnastics take place in the world the art is LSD, Mescaline, and Psilocybin

Travel, domestic and international, was a prominent feature of hippie culture, becoming (in this communal process) an extension of friendship. Schoolbusses similar to Ken Kesey's Furthur, or the iconic VW bus, were popular because groups of friends could travel on the cheap. Furthur was a 1939 International Harvester School bus purchased by author Ken Kesey in 1964 for $1250 from Andre Hobson in Atherton California The VW Bus became known as a counterculture and hippie symbol, and many buses were repainted with graphics and/or custom paint jobs—these were predecessors to the modern-day art car. The Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. An art car is a Vehicle that has its appearance modified as an act of personal artistic expression A peace symbol often replaced the Volkswagen logo. Many hippies favored hitchhiking as a primary mode of transport because it was economical, environmentally friendly, and a way to meet new people. Hitchhiker Program Hitchhiking (also known as thumbing, hitching, autostop or thumbing up a ride) is a means of Transportation Environmental friendly, eco-friendly, and nature friendly are synonyms used to refer to Goods and services considered to inflict minimal harm

Politics

The peace symbol was developed in the UK as a logo for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and was embraced by U. S. anti-war protestors in the 1960s.

Hippies were often pacifists and participated in non-violent political demonstrations, such as civil rights marches, the marches on Washington D.C., and anti-Vietnam War demonstrations, including draft card burnings and the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests. The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Protest expresses relatively overt reaction to events or situations sometimes in favor though more often opposed Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War is significant because domestic protest in the U The Draft redirects here For other uses see Draft. Conscription in the United States has been employed several times usually during Chicago Convention redirects here for the Convention on International Civil Aviation for the event also referred to by this name The degree of political involvement varied widely among hippies, from those who were active in peace demonstrations to the more anti-authority street theater and demonstrations of the Yippies, the most politically active hippie sub-group. The Youth International Party, whose members were commonly called Yippies, was a highly theatrical and Anti-authoritarian Political party established in ^[62] Bobby Seale discussed the differences between Yippies and hippies with Jerry Rubin who told him that Yippies were the political wing of the hippie movement, as hippies have not "necessarily become political yet". Robert George "Bobby" Seale (born October 22, 1936 in Dallas Texas) is an American Civil rights activist who along Jerry Rubin ( July 14, 1938 – November 28, 1994) was a high-profile left-wing American social activist during the 1960s and Regarding the political activity of hippies, Rubin said, "They mostly prefer to be stoned, but most of them want peace, and they want an end to this stuff. "^[63]

In addition to non-violent political demonstrations, hippie opposition to the Vietnam War included organizing political action groups to oppose the war, refusal to serve in the military and conducting "teach-ins" on college campuses that covered Vietnamese history and the larger political context of the war. A teach-in is a method of non-violent Protest, first employed against the U

Scott McKenzie's 1967 rendition of John Phillips' song "San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)", which helped inspire the hippie Summer of Love, became a homecoming song for all Vietnam veterans arriving in San Francisco from 1967 on. "San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair" is a Song, written by John Phillips of The Mamas & the Papas, and sung by Scott McKenzie has dedicated every American performance of "San Francisco" to Vietnam veterans, and he sang at the 2002 20th anniversary of the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a national War memorial located in Washington D "San Francisco" became a freedom song worldwide, especially in Eastern European nations that suffered under Soviet-imposed communism. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based ^[64]

Hippie political expression often took the form of "dropping out" of society to implement the changes they sought. Politically motivated movements aided by hippies include the back to the land movement of the 1960s, cooperative business enterprises, alternative energy, the free press movement, and organic farming. The phrase " back-to-the-land movement " refers to a North American social phenomenon of the 1960s and 1970s Alternative energy is typically defined as coming from sources that do not deplete natural resources or harm. Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on Crop rotation, Green manure, Compost, Biological pest control, and mechanical Cultivation ^[65][53]

Drugs

See also: Spiritual use of cannabis and History of LSD

Following in the well-worn footsteps of the Beats, the hippies also used cannabis (marijuana), considering it pleasurable and benign. This article is about cannabis used as an Entheogenic drug in a spiritual or Religious context The Psychedelic drug / Entheogen LSD was first synthesized by the Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann in the Sandoz (now Novartis Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a They enlarged their spiritual pharmacopeia to include hallucinogens such as LSD, psilocybin and mescaline. The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories Psychedelics, Dissociatives Psilocybin (IPA /saɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic Indole of the Tryptamine family found in Psilocybin Mescaline or 345-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally-occurring Psychedelic Alkaloid of the Phenethylamine class On the East Coast of the United States, Harvard University professors Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) advocated psychotropic drugs for psychotherapy, self-exploration, religious and spiritual use. The East Coast of the United States, also known as the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard" refers to the easternmost coastal states in the central and northern Timothy Francis Leary ( October 22, 1920 &ndash May 31, 1996) was an American Writer, Psychologist, Futurist Ralph Metzner PhD (born May 18 1936 in Germany is an American psychologist Writer and researcher who participated in psychedelic research Psychotherapy is an Interpersonal, relational intervention used by trained psychotherapists to aid clients in problems of living Many Religions have beliefs about drug use these vary greatly with some traditions placing the ritual use of Entheogens at the center of religious activity while others prohibit An entheogen, in the strictest sense is a Psychoactive substance used in a religious or shamanic (or entheogenic) context Regarding LSD, Leary said, "Expand your consciousness and find ecstasy and revelation within. "^[66]

On the West Coast of the United States, Ken Kesey was an important figure in promoting the recreational use of psychotropic drugs, especially LSD, also known as "acid. Jay Stevens is a Novelist, Historian, and Journalist with a special interest in states of Consciousness. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels " By holding what he called "Acid Tests", and touring the country with his band of Merry Pranksters, Kesey became a magnet for media attention that drew many young people to the fledgling movement. The Acid Tests were a series of Psychedelic parties held by Ken Kesey in the San Francisco Bay Area during the early 1960's centered entirely around the The Merry Pranksters are a group of people who originally formed around American Author Ken Kesey in 1964 and sometimes lived communally at his The Grateful Dead (originally billed as "The Warlocks") played some of their first shows at the Acid Tests, often as high on LSD as their audiences. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Kesey and the Pranksters had a "vision of turning on the world. "^[66]

Harder drugs, such as amphetamines and the opiates, were also used in hippie settings; however, these drugs were disdained, even among those who used them, because they were recognized as harmful and addictive. Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine For other uses see Opiate (disambiguation, or for the class of drugs see Opioid. ^[57] Heroin, for example, was banned from the Stonehenge Free Festival. Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative The Stonehenge Free Festival was a British Free festival from 1972 to 1984 held at Stonehenge in England during the month of June

Travel

See also: Hippie trail

Hand-crafted Hippie Truck 1968

Hippies tended to travel light and could pick up and go wherever the action was at any time; whether at a "love-in" on Mount Tamalpais near San Francisco, a demonstration against the Vietnam War in Berkeley, one of Ken Kesey's "Acid Tests", or if the "vibe" wasn't right and a change of scene was desired, hippies were mobile at a moment's notice. The hippie trail is a term used to describe the journeys taken by Hippies and others in the 1960s and 1970s from Europe, overland to and from eastern Asia Mount Tamalpais (tæməlˈpaɪəs MWCD, known locally as "Mount Tam" is a peak in Marin County, California, USA, often Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels Pre-planning was eschewed as hippies were happy to put a few clothes in a backpack, stick out their thumbs and hitchhike anywhere. Hippies seldom worried whether they had money, hotel reservations or any of the other standard accoutrements of travel. Hippie households welcomed overnight guests on an impromptu basis, and the reciprocal nature of the lifestyle permitted freedom of movement. People generally cooperated to meet each other's needs in ways that became less common after the early 1970s. "^[23] This way of life is still seen among the Rainbow Family groups, new age travellers and New Zealand's housetruckers. The Rainbow Family of Living Light, also known as The Rainbow Family, are a loosely affiliated group of individuals committed to principles of non-violence and non-hierarchical Housetruckers are individuals families and groups who convert old trucks and School buses into mobile-homes and live in them preferring an unattached and transient lifestyle ^[68] A derivative of this free-flow style of travel were hippie trucks and buses, hand-crafted mobile houses built on truck or bus chassis to facilitate a nomadic lifestyle. Some of these mobile gypsy houses were quite elaborate with beds, toilets, showers and cooking facilities.

On the West Coast, a unique lifestyle developed around the Renaissance Faires that Phyllis and Ron Patterson first organized in 1963. A Renaissance fair, Renaissance faire, or Renaissance festival is an outdoor weekend gathering usually held in the United States, open to the public and

Hippie Truck Interior

During the summer and fall months, entire families traveled together in their trucks and buses, parked at Renaissance Pleasure Faire sites in Southern and Northern California, worked their crafts during the week, and donned Elizabethan costume for weekend performances and to attend booths where handmade goods were sold to the public.

The sheer number of young people living at the time made for unprecedented travel opportunities to special happenings. The peak experience of this type was the Woodstock Festival near Bethel, New York, from August 15 to 19, 1969, which drew over 500,000 people. See also Bethel Pine Plains, New York Bethel is a Town in Sullivan County, New York, USA Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed

One travel experience, undertaken by hundreds of thousands of hippies between 1969–1971, was the "overland route to India". The hippie trail is a term used to describe the journeys taken by Hippies and others in the 1960s and 1970s from Europe, overland to and from eastern Asia Carrying little or no luggage, and with small amounts of cash, almost all followed the same route, hitch-hiking across Europe to Athens and on to Istanbul, then by train through central Turkey via Erzurum, continuing by bus into Iran, via Tabriz and Tehran to Mashad, across the Afghan border into Herat, through southern Afghanistan via Kandahar to Kabul, over the Khyber Pass into Pakistan, via Rawalpindi and Lahore to the Indian frontier. Once in India, hippies went to many different destinations but gathered in large numbers on the beaches of Goa, or crossed the border into Nepal to spend months in Kathmandu. The length of stay in these places was usually between a few weeks and six months. A visa was required for a stay of more than six months in India.

Legacy

The legacy of the hippie movement continues to permeate society. Public political demonstrations are now considered legitimate expressions of free speech. Unmarried couples of all ages feel free to travel and live together without societal disapproval. Frankness regarding sexual matters has become the norm, and the rights of homosexual, bisexual and transsexual people have expanded. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation Transsexualism is a condition in which a person identifies with a physical Sex different from the one with which they were born Religious and cultural diversity has gained greater acceptance. Co-operative business enterprises and creative community living arrangements are widely accepted. Interest in natural food, herbal remedies and vitamins is widespread, and the little hippie "health food stores" of the 1960s and 1970s are now large-scale, profitable businesses. ^[69] In particular, the development and popularization of the Internet finds one of its roots in the anti-authoritarian ethos promoted by hippie culture. ^[70]

Fashion was one of the immediate legacies of the hippies. During the 1960s, mustaches, beards and long hair became commonplace and colorful, while multi-ethnic clothing dominated the fashion world. Since that time, a wide range of personal appearance options and clothing styles have become acceptable, all of which were uncommon before the hippie era. ^[71][61] Hippies inspired many other changes—the decline in popularity of the necktie which had been everyday wear during the 1950s and early 1960s; in literature, books like The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test;^[72] in music, the blending of folk rock into newer forms including acid rock and heavy metal; and in television and film, far greater visibility and influence, with some films depicting the hippie ethos and lifestyle, such as Woodstock, Easy Rider, Hair, The Doors, and Crumb. The necktie (or tie) is a long piece of cloth worn around the neck resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test is a work of Literary journalism by Tom Wolfe, published in 1968 Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music. For "acid rock" as a geologic term see Igneous rock. Acid rock is a form of Psychedelic rock, which is characterized ---- Woodstock (subtitled "3 Days of Peace & Music" is a 1970 documentary on the Woodstock Festival that took place in August 1969 Easy Rider, a 1969 American Road movie written by Peter Fonda, Dennis Hopper and Terry Southern. Hair is a 1979 film adaptation of the 1968 Broadway musical of the same title about a Vietnam war draftee who meets and befriends The Doors is a 1991 Biopic about the 1960s rock band of the same name which emphasizes the life of its lead singer Jim Morrison

The tradition of hippie festivals began in the United States in 1965 with Ken Kesey's Acid Tests, where the Grateful Dead played stoned on LSD and initiated psychedelic jamming. The Acid Tests were a series of Psychedelic parties held by Ken Kesey in the San Francisco Bay Area during the early 1960's centered entirely around the The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. For the next several decades, many hippies and neo-hippies became part of the Deadhead and Phish Head communities, attending music and art festivals held around the country. Deadhead or Dead Head is a name given to fans of the American Jam band, the Grateful Dead. Phish is an American Jam band noted for their Musical improvisation, extended Jam sessions and cult following The Grateful Dead toured continuously, with few interruptions between 1965 and 1995. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Phish toured continuously between 1983 and 2004. Phish is an American Jam band noted for their Musical improvisation, extended Jam sessions and cult following Today, many of the bands performing at hippie festivals and their derivatives are called jam bands, since they play songs that contain long instrumentals similar to the original hippie bands of the 1960s. Jam bands (or jambands) are musical groups whose albums and live performances relate to a fan culture which originated with the 1960s group Grateful Dead and continued Psychedelic trance or "psytrance", a type of techno music influenced by 60s psychedelic rock and hippie culture is also popular among neo-hippies worldwide. Psychedelic trance or psytrance is a form of Electronic music characterized by hypnotic arrangements of synthetic rhythms and mesmerizing melodies Psychedelic trance or psytrance is a form of Electronic music characterized by hypnotic arrangements of synthetic rhythms and mesmerizing melodies Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Psytrance hippies usually attend separate festivals where only electronic music is played.

With the demise of the Grateful Dead and Phish, nomadic touring hippies attend a growing series of summer festivals, the largest of which is called the Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival, which premiered in 2002. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Phish is an American Jam band noted for their Musical improvisation, extended Jam sessions and cult following The Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival is a four-day annual Music festival, created and produced by Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment, first held in 2002 The Oregon Country Fair is a three-day festival featuring hand-made crafts, educational displays and costumed entertainment. The Oregon Country Fair (OCF is an annual three-day fair that begins on the Friday of the second weekend in July in Veneta Oregon, about west of Eugene, with an The annual Starwood Festival, founded in 1981, is a six-day event indicative of the spiritual quest of hippies through an exploration of non-mainstream religions and world-views, and has offered performances and classes by a variety of hippy and counter-culture icons. The Starwood Festival is a six-day Neo-Pagan, New Age and multi-cultural festival presented in mid- to late July currently in Sherman New York.

The Burning Man festival began in 1986 at a San Francisco beach party and is now held in the Black Rock Desert northeast of Reno, Nevada. Burning Man is an annual event held in The Black Rock Desert is a Dry lake bed and the surrounding Endorheic basin in northwestern Nevada in the United States. Though few participants would accept the "hippie" label, Burning Man is a contemporary expression of alternative community in the same spirit as early hippie events. The gathering becomes a temporary city (36,500 occupants in 2005), with elaborate encampments, displays and many art cars. An art car is a Vehicle that has its appearance modified as an act of personal artistic expression

Hippies at the Nambassa 1981 Festival New Zealand

There are even more local and regional festivals, as well as underground and public gatherings, that enjoy a large attendance. Nambassa was a series of Hippie -conceived festivals held between 1976 and 1981 on large farms around Waihi and Waikino in New Zealand - Aotearoa New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Rainbow Family Gatherings, Community Peace Festivals, Woodstock Festivals and others have helped perpetuate and continue the culture as well as creating an environment of peace and networking for the greater good. The Rainbow Family of Living Light, also known as The Rainbow Family, are a loosely affiliated group of individuals committed to principles of non-violence and non-hierarchical

In the UK, there are many new age travellers who are known as hippies to outsiders, but prefer to call themselves the Peace Convoy. They started the Stonehenge Free Festival in 1974, especially Wally Hope, until the English Heritage legally banned the festival, resulting in the Battle of the Beanfield in 1985. The Stonehenge Free Festival was a British Free festival from 1972 to 1984 held at Stonehenge in England during the month of June Wally Hope (1947 - 1975 was the name by which the Windsor Free Festival organiser Phil Russell, was known English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of The Battle of the Beanfield took place over several hours on the afternoon of Saturday June 1, 1985 when Wiltshire Police prevented a vehicle convoy With Stonehenge banned as a festival site new age travellers gather at the annual Glastonbury Festival to see hundreds of live dance, comedy, theatre, circus, cabaret and other performances. For the classical music and theatre festivals co-founded by Rutland Boughton between 1914 and 1926 see Glastonbury Festival (1914-1925 The

Acid House/The Second Summer of Love In the UK and Europe the years 1987/89 were marked by a large scale revival of many characteristics of the hippy movement of 20 years earlier. A mass movement of those aged 18-25 in which there was a large scale re-adoption of much of the philosophy of love/peace and freedom and which resulted in the summer of 1988 becoming known as the Second Summer of Love. Although the soundtrack was modern electronic (acid house/house etc)in the chillout rooms you could even hear certain tracks from the original era played.

Between 1976 and 1981, hippie music festivals were held on large farms around Waihi and Waikino in New Zealand. Waihi is a town in Hauraki District in the North Island of New Zealand, especially notable for its history as a gold mine town Waikino is a small town situated in the North Island of New Zealand nestled in the Southern end of a gorge alongside the Ohinemuri River, between Waihi New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Named Nambassa, the festivals focused on peace, love, and a balanced lifestyle, featuring workshops and displays advocating alternative lifestyles, clean and sustainable energy, and unadulterated foods. Nambassa was a series of Hippie -conceived festivals held between 1976 and 1981 on large farms around Waihi and Waikino in New Zealand - Aotearoa A workshop is a room or Building which provides both the area and Tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair Sustainable energy is the provision of energy such that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Notes

References

Further reading and resources