Part of the article series on Hip Hop
Music Culture Dancing Fashion
WikiProject Hip hop This box: view • talk • edit

Breakdance, an early form of hip hop dance, often involves battles, showing off skills without any physical contact with the adversaries. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa Hip hop dance refers to Dance styles mainly Street dance styles primarily danced to Hip hop music, or that have evolved as a part of the Hip hop Hip-hop fashion is a distinctive style of dress originating with African-American youth in The Bronx ( New York City) and later influenced by Breakdance, breaking, b-boying or b-girling is a Street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement among Hip hop dance refers to Dance styles mainly Street dance styles primarily danced to Hip hop music, or that have evolved as a part of the Hip hop Street dance, also called vernacular dance is an umbrella term used to describe Dance styles that evolved outside of Dance studios in everyday spaces

Hip hop is both a cultural movement and a genre of music developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily by African Americans. Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with The City of New York African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa . ^[1]. Since first emerging in The Bronx and Harlem^[2], the lifestyle of hip hop culture has today spread around the world. Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa ^[3]

The four historic "elements" of hip hop are: MCing (rapping), DJing, urban inspired art/tagging (graffiti), and b-boying (or breakdancing). Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience Graffiti (singular graffito; the plural is used as a Mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched scrawled painted or marked in any manner on property For information on the breakdancers see B-boy. Benjamin "Benny" Cuntapay (born December 29, 1978) is an American Breakdance, breaking, b-boying or b-girling is a Street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement among The most known "extended" elements are beatboxing, hip hop fashion, and hip hop slang. Hip-hop fashion is a distinctive style of dress originating with African-American youth in The Bronx ( New York City) and later influenced by Slang is the use of highly informal Words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's Dialect or Language.

When hip hop music developed in the 1970s, it was originally based around DJs who created rhythmic beats by "scratching" a record on one turntable while looping the break (an upbeat drum and rhythm phrase of a song often found in soul and funk music) of various records on another, which was later joined by the "rapping" (a rhythmic style of chanting) of MCs. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer.

Etymology

The word "hip" was used as African American Vernacular English (AAVE) as early as 1904. Hip is a Slang term meaning fashionably current and in the know. African American Vernacular English ( AAVE) – also called African American English; less precisely Black English, Black Vernacular, The colloquial language meant "informed" or "current," and was likely derived from the earlier form hep. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa credits the first use of the term "Hip Hop," as it relates to the instant culture, to Lovebug Starski a Bronx DJ who put out a single called "The Positive Life" in 1981. Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957) is an American DJ from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the Lovebug Starski (born Kevin Smith on December 18, 1959, in the Bronx New York) is an American emcee, musician record ^[4]

Keith "Cowboy" Wiggins, a rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five has been credited with the coining of the term hip hop in a musical sense as it is today. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five was a highly influential hip hop group comprised of Grandmaster Flash, Melle Mel, Kid Creole, Cowboy Scorpio Though Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap, Cowboy claimed to have "created" the term while teasing a friend who had just joined the US Army, by scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers. Lovebug Starski (born Kevin Smith on December 18, 1959, in the Bronx New York) is an American emcee, musician record DJ Hollywood (born December 10, 1954) is an American Old school hip hop DJ and Rapper. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define In Vocal jazz, scat singing is vocal improvisation with random vocables and syllables or without words at all Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of ^[5] Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly copied by other artists; for example the opening of the song "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang. " Rapper's Delight " is a 1979 single by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang; it was one of the first hip hop hit singles The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop and Funk group known mostly for their biggest hit " Rapper's Delight " the first hip hop ^[5]

Bambaataa, a former Black Spades gang member, is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture that hip hop music belongs to, although it is also suggested that the term was originally used derisively against the new type of music. The Black Spades was one of the largest and most violent black street gangs in New York City during the 1970s For the term in biology see Subculture (biology. For the song by New Order see Sub-culture (song. ^[6]

History

Main article: History of hip hop music

1970s

DJs: rhythmic grooves from the turntable

In the early 1970s, Clive Campbell, a Jamaican born DJ who went by the name "Kool Herc," arrived in New York City. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience Clive Campbell (born April 16 1955 AKA Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited as originating Hip hop In Jamaica, Herc was known for his dancehall beats, a key component to the movement of music in NYC and the Bronx. This idea of dancehall had nothing to do with where the music was played, but more of a feeling of getting the people of Kingston, Jamaica to get on their feet and dance. This music, known as reggae, became a staple in the new music made in the Bronx. ^[7] Herc introduced the Jamaican tradition of toasting, or boasting impromptu poetry and sayings over Reggae, Disco and Funk records, during parties held in parks in the Bronx, New York. Toasting, Chatting, or Deejaying is the act of talking or Chanting over a Rhythm or beat. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul

Herc and other DJs would tap into the power lines at public basketball courts to connect their equipment and perform. Their equipment was composed of huge stacks of speakers, turntables, and one or more microphones. ^[8] Herc was also the developer of break-beat deejaying, where the breaks of funk songs—the part most suited to dance, usually percussion-based—were isolated and repeated for the purpose of all-night dance parties. In Popular music a break is an Instrumental or percussion section or interlude during a song derived from or related to Stop-time &ndash being A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul

Later DJs such as Grandmaster Flash refined and developed the use of breakbeats, including cutting and scratching. Joseph Saddler (born January 1, 1958 in Bridgetown Barbados) better known as Grandmaster Flash, is an American Hip hop musician "Scratching" is also a Present participle of " Scratch " and may also refer to a form of street art Scratching ^[9] The Bronx building "where hip hop was born" is 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, where Kool Herc started spinning records,^[10] and is now eligible to be listed on the national and state register of historic sites. The approach used by Herc was soon widely copied, and by the late 1970s DJs were releasing 12" records where they would rap to the beat. Popular tunes included Kurtis Blow's "The Breaks (song)", and The Sugar Hill Gang's "Rapper's Delight. Curtis Walker (born 9 August 1959) better known by his stage name Kurtis Blow, is one of the first commercially successful rappers and " The Breaks " is a critically acclaimed 1980 hit single for Kurtis Blow (see 1980 in music) and one of the earliest hip-hop hits The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop and Funk group known mostly for their biggest hit " Rapper's Delight " the first hip hop " Rapper's Delight " is a 1979 single by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang; it was one of the first hip hop hit singles "

Rapping and emceeing

Main article: Rapping

Emceeing is the rhythmic spoken delivery of rhymes and wordplay, delivered over a beat or without accompaniment. Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of This article is about the poetic technique For the form of ice see Rime ice. A beat is the basic Time Unit of a piece of Music; for example each tick sounded by a Metronome would correspond to a beat Rapping is derived from the griots (folk poets) of West Africa, and Caribbean-style toasting. Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and A griot ( pronounced /gɹiɒ/ in English or in French, with a silent t) or jeli ( djeli or djéli in French The music of Africa is as vast and varied as the continent's many regions, nations and Ethnic groups Although there is no distinctly pan-African The Music of the Caribbean is a diverse grouping of Musical genres They are each syntheses of African European Indian and Toasting, Chatting, or Deejaying is the act of talking or Chanting over a Rhythm or beat. Rap developed both inside and outside of hip hop culture, and began with the street parties thrown in the Bronx neighborhood of New York in the 1970s by Kool Herc and others. Clive Campbell (born April 16 1955 AKA Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited as originating Hip hop It originated as MCs would talk over the music to promote their DJ, promote other dance parties, take light-hearted jabs at other lyricists, or talk about problems in their areas and issues facing the community as a whole.

Melle Mel, a rapper/lyricist with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an "MC". Melvin Glover (born May 15, 1961 in The Bronx New York) also known by his stage name Grandmaster Mele Mel, and formerly Grandmaster Melle Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five was a highly influential hip hop group comprised of Grandmaster Flash, Melle Mel, Kid Creole, Cowboy Scorpio ^[11]

1980s

Hip hop as a culture was further defined in 1983, when Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force released a track called "Planet Rock. " Planet Rock " is a 1982 song by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force. " Instead of simply rapping over disco beats, Bambaataa created an innovative electronic sound, taking advantage of the rapidly improving drum machine and synthesizer technology. The appearance of music videos changed entertainment: they often glorified urban neighborhoods. ^[12]. The music video for Planet Rock showcased the subculture of hip hop musicians, graffiti artists and breakdancers. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics " Planet Rock " is a 1982 song by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force. Many hip hop-related films were released between 1983 and 1985, among them Wild Style, Beat Street, Krush Groove, Breakin, and the documentary Style Wars. Wild Style was the first hip hop Motion picture. Released independently in 1982 by First Run Features and later re-released for home video "Beat Street" may also refer to Orange Street in Kingston Jamaica. "Krush Groove" is a 1985 Warner Bros film written by Ralph Farquhar and directed by Michael Schultz (who also produced the movie along This article is about the 1984 movie; for other breakin' or breaking references see Breaking. Style Wars is an early documentary on Hip hop culture, made by Tony Silver and Henry Chalfant, made in New York City in 1983.

These films expanded the appeal of hip hop beyond the boundaries of New York. By 1985, youth worldwide were laying down scrap linoleum or cardboard, setting down portable "boombox" stereos and spinning on their backs in Adidas tracksuits and sneakers to music by Run DMC, LL Cool J, the Fat Boys, Herbie Hancock, EPMD, Soulsonic Force, Jazzy Jay, Dr. Linoleum is a Floor covering made from solidified Linseed oil (linoxyn in combination with Wood flour or cork dust over a Burlap or Canvas Run-DMC was a pioneering hip hop group during the 1980s founded by Joseph "[The Reverend] Run" Simmons, Darryl "D James Todd Smith (born January 14 1968 better known as LL Cool J, is an American Rapper and actor The Fat Boys was an American Hip-hop music trio from Brooklyn, New York City Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer. Jazzy Jay (b John Byas in Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, November 18, 1961) also known as The Original Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, and Stetsasonic, just to name a few. Stetsasonic was an American hip hop group formed in 1981 (see 1981 in music) in Brooklyn, New York. The hip hop artwork and "slang" of US urban communities quickly found its way to Europe and Asia, as the culture's global appeal took root.

The 1980s also saw many artists make social statements through hip hop. In 1982, Melle Mel and Duke Bootee recorded "The Message" (officially credited to Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five), a song that foreshadowed the socially conscious statements of Run-DMC's "It's like That" and Public Enemy's "Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos. Run-DMC was a pioneering hip hop group during the 1980s founded by Joseph "[The Reverend] Run" Simmons, Darryl "D "It's like That" is a hip hop Song performed by Run-D " Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos " is a song by the American hip hop group Public Enemy from their second album It Takes a Nation of "^[13]

During the 1980s, hip hop also embraced the creation of rhythm by using the human body, via the vocal percussion technique of beatboxing. Vocal percussion is the art of creating sounds with one's Mouth that approximate imitate or otherwise serve the same purpose as a Percussion instrument, whether Early pioneers such as Doug E. Fresh, Biz Markie, and Buffy from the Fat Boys made beats, rhythm, and musical sounds using their mouth, lips, tongue, voice, and other body parts. Doug E Fresh is the Stage name of Douglas E Davis (born September 17 1966) an American rapper, Record Marcel Theo Hall (born April 8 1964 in Harlem New York) better known by his Stage name Biz Markie, is a Rapper, DJ, and Comedian The Fat Boys was an American Hip-hop music trio from Brooklyn, New York City "Human Beatbox" artists would also sing or imitate turntablism scratching or other instrument sounds. Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer.

Legacy and Social Impact

Main article: Hip hop culture

Early hip hop has often been credited with helping to reduce inner-city gang violence by replacing physical violence with dance and artwork battles. Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa In the early 1970s, Kool DJ Herc began organizing dance parties in his home in the Bronx. The parties became popular and were moved to outdoor venues to accommodate for the amount of people attending. City teenagers, after years of gang violence, were looking for new ways to express themselves. ^[14] These outdoor parties, hosted in parks, became a means of expression and an outlet for teenagers, where “Instead of getting into trouble on the streets, teens now had a place to expend their pent-up energy. ” ^[15]

Tony Tone, a member of the pioneering rap group the Cold Crush Brothers, noted that “Hip-hop saved a lot of lives. ”^[16] Hip hop culture became an outlet and a way of dealing with the hardships of life as minorities within America, and an outlet to deal with violence and gang culture. MC Kid Lucky mentions that “people used to break-dance against each other instead of fighting. ”^[17] Inspired by Kool DJ Herc, once-gang leader Afrika Bambaataa created a street organization called Universal Zulu Nation, centered around hip hop, as a means to draw teenagers out of gang life and violence. The Universal Zulu Nation is an "international hip hop awareness" group formed and headed by Hip hop godfather Afrika Bambaataa. ^[18]

Hip-hop was not only centered around violence, drugs, and weapons like most people thought in the early days. Many people used hip-hop in positive ways. "Young black Americans coming out of the civil rights movement have used hip-hop culture in the 1980s and 1990s to show the limitations of the movement. "^[19] Hip-hop gave young black Americans a voice to let their issues be noticed. It also gave young blacks a chance for financial gain by "reducing the rest of the world to consumers of its social concerns. "^[20]

This shows that hip-hop's social impacts on the country have not been all negative. It has positively affected many youth and encouraged them to voice their opinions on world and personal issues. "Like rock-and-roll, hip hop is vigorously oppose by conservatives because it romanticises violence, law-breaking, and gangs" ^[21]. Both hip hop and rock-and-roll were musical movements use by teens in order to express how they felt about certain issues. "Last night at the Waldorf-Astoria, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, who proved that hip-hop was more than party music with their 1982 hit “The Message,” became the first hip-hop group to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" ^[22] Now hip hop and rock-and-roll are used together in many ways including rewriting songs where a rapper or rock band play with the other.

With the emergence of commercial and crime-related rap during the early 1990s, however, an emphasis on violence was incorporated, with many rappers boasting about drugs, weapons, misogyny, and violence. While hip hop music now appeals to a broader demographic, media critics argue that socially and politically conscious hip hop has long been disregarded by mainstream America in favor of gangsta rap. For the Ice T album see Gangsta Rap (album. Gangsta rap is a term originated by the mainstream media to describe a certain subgenre ^[23]

Though created in the United States by African Americans and Latinos, hip hop culture and music is now global in scope. Youth culture and opinion is meted out in both Israeli hip hop and Palestinian hip hop, while France, Germany, the U.K., Brazil, Japan, Africa, and the Caribbean have long-established hip hop followings. History of Hip Hop in Israel Although Native Hebrew hip hop gain popularity only during the 1990s stemming from global influences traces of it could been during the mid 1980s Palestinian hip hop allegedly started in 1998 with Tamer Nafar 's group DAM. This article is about Hip hop music from the country of France, and does not cover the hip hop scenes in other French speaking countries like Senegalese The term German Hip Hop denotes Hip hop music produced in Germany. British hip hop is a genre of music, and a culture that covers a variety of styles of Hip hop music made in the United Kingdom. Brazilian hip hop is one of the world's major hip hop scenes with active rap break dance and graffiti scenes especially in São Paulo, where groups tend to have Japanese Hip hop is said to have begun when Hiroshi Fujiwara returned to Japan and started playing Hip-Hop records in the early 1980s. Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence Songo-salsa is a style of music that blends Spanish Rapping and hip hop beats with Salsa music and Songo. According to the U. S. Department of State, hip hop is "now the center of a mega music and fashion industry around the world," that crosses social barriers and cuts across racial lines. ^[24] National Geographic recognizes hip hop as "the world's favorite youth culture" in which "just about every country on the planet seems to have developed its own local rap scene. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural "^[25] Through its international travels, hip hop is now acknowledged as a “global musical epidemic,”^[26] and has diverged from its ethnic roots by way of globalization and localization.

Although some non-American rappers may still relate with young black Americans, hip hop now transcends its original culture, and is appealing because it is “custom-made to combat the anomie that preys on adolescents wherever nobody knows their name. ”^[27] Hip hop is attractive in its ability to give a voice to disenfranchised youth in any country, and as music with a message it is a form available to all societies worldwide.

Even in the face of growing global popularity, or perhaps because of it, hip hop has come under fire for being too commercial, too commodified, too much about money and bling-bling. Bling-bling (or simply bling) is a Slang term in Hip hop culture referring to flashy or elaborate Jewelry and ornamented Artist Nas said it himself in his 2006 album Hip Hop is Dead. Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper While this of course stirs up controversy, a documentary called The Commodification of Hip Hop directed by Brooke Daniel interviews students at Satellite Academy in New York City. One girl talks about the epidemic of crime that she sees in urban black and Latino communities, relating it directly to the hip hop industry saying “When they can’t afford these kind of things, these things that celebrities have like jewelry and clothes and all that, they’ll go and sell drugs, some people will steal it…”^[28] Many students see this as a negative side effect of the hip hop industry, and indeed, hip hop has been criticized all over the world for spreading crime, violence, and American ideals of consumerism.

In an article for Village Voice, Greg Tate argues that the commercialization of hip hop is a negative and pervasive phenomenon, writing that "what we call hiphop is now inseparable from what we call the hiphop industry, in which the nouveau riche and the super-rich employers get richer" ^[29]. Ironically, this commercialization coincides with a decline in rap sales and pressure from critics of the genre ^[30]. However, in his book In Search Of Africa, Manthia Diawara explains that hip hop is really a voice of people who are down and out in modern society. He argues that the “worldwide spread of hip-hop as a market revolution” is actually global "expression of poor people’s desire for the good life,” and that this struggle aligns with “the nationalist struggle for citizenship and belonging, but also reveals the need to go beyond such struggles and celebrate the redemption of the black individual through tradition. ” ^[31]

This connection to "tradition" however, is something that may be lacking according to one Satellite Academy staff member who says that in all of the focus on materialism, the hip hop community is “not leaving anything for the next generation, we’re not building. ”^[32]

As the hip hop genre turns 30, a stronger analysis of the music’s impact has taken place. It has been viewed as a cultural sensation which changed the music industry around the world, but its commercialization has turned many to see the negative aspects of hip hop; the marriage of “New World African ingenuity and that trick of the devil known as global-hypercapitalism. ” ^[33] Its transformation from a cultural expression into a value of money has turned it into a “mainstream that had once excluded its originators. ” ^[34] While this has been seen to be true in many ways, hip hop has allowed for a shared common identity among its followers and originators. These different aspects of analyzing hip hop’s influence expose the dangers of popular music and mass production of cultural output.

Global impact

From its early spread to Europe and Japan to an almost worldwide acceptance through Asia and South American countries such as Brazil, the musical influence has been global. European hip hop is Hip hop music created by European musicians Japanese Hip hop is said to have begun when Hiroshi Fujiwara returned to Japan and started playing Hip-Hop records in the early 1980s. Asian Hip Hop is a heterogeneous Musical genre that covers all Hip hop music as recorded and produced by artists of Asian origin Brazilian hip hop is one of the world's major hip hop scenes with active rap break dance and graffiti scenes especially in São Paulo, where groups tend to have Hip hop sounds and styles differ from region to region, but there is also a lot of crossbreeding. In each separate hip hop scene there is also constant struggle between “old school” hip hop and more localized, newer sounds. ^[35] Regardless of where it is found, the music often targets local disaffected youth. ^[36]

Hip hop has given people a voice to express themselves, from the "Bronx to Beirut, Kazakhstan to Cali, Hokkaido to Harare, Hip Hop is the new sound of a disaffected global youth culture. "^[37] Though on the global scale there is a heavy influence from US culture, different cultures worldwide have transformed hip hop with their own traditions and beliefs. “Global Hip Hop succeeds best when it showcases. . . cultures that reside outside the main arteries of the African Diaspora. ”^[38] Not all countries have embraced hip hop, where, “as can be expected in countries with strong local culture, the interloping wildstyle of hip hop is not always welcomed. ”^[39]

As hip hop becomes globally-available, it is not a one-sided process that eradicates local cultures. Instead, global hip hop styles are often synthesized with local styles. Hartwig Vens argues that hip hop can also be viewed as a global learning experience. ^[40] Hip hop from countries outside the United States is often labelled "world music" for the American consumer. The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians Author Jeff Chang argues that Èthe essence of hip-hop is the cipher, born in the Bronx, where competition and community feed each other. Jeff Chang is an American journalist and music critic on Hip hop music and culture "^[41]

Hip-hop has impacted many different countries culturally and socially in positive ways. "Thousands of organizers from Cape Town to Paris use hip-hop in their communities to address environmental justice, policing and prisons, media justice, and education. "^[42] Also, "young people in places as disparate as Chile, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Norway use hip-hop to push their generation's views into the local conversation. "^[43]

While hip-hop music has been criticized as a music which creates a divide between western music and music from the rest of the world, a musical "cross pollination" has taken place, which strengthens the power of hip-hop to influence different communities. ^[44]Hip hop's impact as a "world music" is also due to its translatability among different cultures in the world. Hip hop's messages allow the under-privileged and the mistreated to be heard. ^[45] These cultural translations cross borders. ^[46] While the music may be from a foreign country, the message is something that many people can relate to- something not "foreign" at all. ^[47]

Even when hip-hop is transplanted to other countries, it often retains its "vital progressive agenda that challenges the status quo. " ^[48] Global hip hop is the meeting ground for progressive local activism, as many organizers use hip-hop in their communities to address environmental injustice, policing and prisons, media justice, and education. In Gothenburg, Sweden, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) incorporate graffiti and dance to engage disaffected immigrant and working class youths. And indigenous young people in places as disparate as Chile, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Norway use hip-hop to push their generation's views into local conversation. ^[49]

See also

Elements

• Rap Music
• Hip hop culture
• Hip hop music
• Hip hop production
• Hip hop dance
• Hip hop fashion
• Hip hop theatre
• Hip-hop magazines
• 2007 in hip hop
• Dancehall
• Reggaetón
• Rhythm
• Beats (music)
• Universal Hip Hop Parade
• National Hip Hop Political Convention

Musical subgenres

• Abstract hip hop
• Alternative hip hop
• Australian hip hop
• Bass music
• Beatboxing
• Christian hip hop
• Conscious hip hop
• Country rap
• Crunk
• Dirty rap
• Dirty South
• East Coast hip hop
• Emo rap
• gangsta rap
• Ghetto house
• Hardcore hip hop
• Hip pop
• Indie hip hop
• Jazz rap
• Nerdcore hiphop
• Old school hip hop
• Rap
• Rap rock
• Reggaeton
• Southern hip hop
• West Coast hip hop

References

Further reading

• Wunderlich, Annelise. "Cuban Hip-hop: Making Space for New Voices of Dissent. " In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 167-79. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press, 2006.
• Sellin’ Out: An Essay on Commercial Hip Hop by Amrita Singh
• The "Death" of Hip-Hop by David Drake
• Theses on Hip-Hop by the Democracy and Hip-Hop Project
• The Globalization of Hip-Hop Culture by Eric Richardson
• Don't blame hip-hop for society's sexism by Cousin Jeff
• Hip-Hop Divided by Andy Carrington