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Hillbilly can be a pejorative term referring to people who dwell in remote, rural, mountainous areas usually of the United States. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time Because of its strongly stereotypical connotations, the term is frequently considered derogatory and is highly offensive to those of Appalachian heritage. Words and phrases are pejorative if they imply disapproval or contempt The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. However, the term is also often used in celebration of Appalachian heritage such as in the Hillbilly Hot Dog stand photo below.

Contents

History

Hillbilly Hot Dogs, a roadside hot dog stand located near Huntington, West Virginia.
Hillbilly Hot Dogs, a roadside hot dog stand located near Huntington, West Virginia. A hot dog stand is a Food business stand that sells Hot dogs usually from an external counter on a public thoroughfare such as a Road, Street Huntington is a city located in the State of West Virginia along the Ohio River.

The term Hill-Billies is first encountered in documents from 17th century Ireland. Roman Catholic King James II landed at Kinsale in Ireland in 1689 and began to raise a Catholic army in an attempt to regain the British throne. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Protestant King William III, Prince of Orange, led an English counterforce into Ireland and defeated James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Prince of Orange is a Title of Nobility, originally associated with the Principality of Orange, now in southern France. The Battle of the Boyne (Cath na Bóinne was a turning point in the Williamite claim on the English throne A significant portion of William III's army was composed of Protestants of Scottish descent (Planters) who had settled in Ulster in northern Ireland. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The southern Irish Catholic supporters of James II referred to these northern Protestant supporters of King William as Hill-Billies and Billy Boys — Billy being an abbreviation of William.

It is believed that the term hillbilly in the United States was conferred during the early 18th century by the occupying British soldiers as a carry over from the Irish term, in referring to Scots-Irish immigrants of mainly Presbyterian origin, dwelling in the frontier areas of the Appalachian Mountains. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Scotch-Irish (the historically common term in North America) or Scots-Irish refers to inhabitants of the United States and by some of Canada Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. These Protestant Irish colonists brought their cultural traditions with them when they immigrated. Many of their stories, songs, and ballads dealt with the history of their Ulster and Lowland Scot homelands, especially relating the tale of the Protestant King William III, Prince of Orange. Ulster ( Ulaidh ˈkwɪɟɪ ˈʌlˠu / ˈʌlˠi is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in addition to Connacht, Munster and Leinster The Scottish Lowlands ( a' Ghalldachd, meaning roughly 'the non-Gaelic region' in Gaelic, and called Lawlands or Lallans in Scots Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Prince of Orange is a Title of Nobility, originally associated with the Principality of Orange, now in southern France.

Yet another explanation for the term comes from the European immigrants to the United States who settled in the Appalachian Mountains. Many of these immigrants were of Germanic origin and were named Wilhelm with the short form Willy, a common Germanic name during that time. Those Wilhelms, who went by Bill or Billy, living in the Appalachian Mountains became known as hillbillies, that is Bills who lived in the hills. The term is also used for the similar mountaineers of the Ozarks, who also lived in extreme isolation in the 18-20th century.

Alternatively, it is also speculated that the term emerged as a derogatory nickname given by the coastal plain-dwelling Anglo-Saxon Southerners to the hill-dwelling settlers of Eastern Tennessee, Western Virginia (including modern West Virginia), and Eastern Kentucky, many of whom were ambivalent to the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South

The use of the word was probably most apt (and relatively inoffensive) during the period between the western expansion of the early-to-mid nineteenth century and the post-war period of the 1940s. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The advent of the interstate highway system and television brought many previously isolated communities into mainstream United States culture in the 1950s and 1960s. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Internet continues this integration, but many communities with relatively traditional lifestyles remain throughout the region. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks

Historically, there were conflicts between the mountain-dwelling "hillbillies" and the planters who lived on the coastal plains. During the American Civil War, many residents of western Virginia were pro-Union in that they generally did not own slaves and resented the political dominance of planters who did. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The image of the Unionist mountaineer in West Virginia is misleading, however, as the mountainous counties of central, southern, and eastern West Virginia all voted for the Ordinance of Secession on May 23, 1861. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by [1] A total war was waged against the mountaineers in much of West Virginia, whose residents were deemed "savages" by Union military authorities. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Braxton and Webster counties were particularly targeted by Gen. George Crook. George Crook ( September 8, 1828 &ndash March 21, 1890) was a career United States Army officer most noted for his distinguished [2] "Braxton and Webster are the haunts of the worst Rebel Bushwhackers in the country," wrote Lt. Col. Rutherford B. Hayes. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4 1822 January 17 1893 was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth [3] After the war, the Wheeling government carved two new counties out of Secessionist counties and named them after Lincoln and Grant.

Urban Slang Use

The term hillbilly is commonly used in non-Appalachian areas as a reference in describing socially backward people that fit certain "hillbilly" characteristics. Although the described person may not reside in a region that has hills of any kind, it is substituted in place of more disparaging terms like white trash. Regionally, it is also used as interchangeable slang for terms like Redneck.

Examples of such are present throughout popular culture and televised media.

Music

Country music was originally called hillbilly music, even by its fans. Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. The term, coined in 1925 by country pianist Al Hopkins,[7] persisted until the 1950s. Albert Green Hopkins (1889 – October 21, 1932) ( Al Hopkins) was an American musician a pioneer of what later came to be called Country

Now, the older name is deemed offensive (and inappropriate). However, the term hillbilly music is now sometimes used to describe old-time music. Old-time music is a form of North American Folk music, with roots in the Folk musics of many countries including England, Scotland, An early tune that contained the word hillbilly was "Hillbilly Boogie" by the Delmore Brothers in 1946. Alton (1908-1964 and Rabon Delmore (1916-1952 billed as The Delmore Brothers, were Country music pioneers and stars of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s Earlier, in the 1920s, there were records by a band called the Beverly Hillbillies. In 1927, the Gennett studios in Richmond, Indiana, made a recording of black fiddler Jim Booker with other instrumentalists; their recordings were labeled "made for Hillbilly" in the Gennett files, and were marketed to a white audience. Gennett (pronounced with a soft G) was a United States based Record label which flourished in the 1920s. Richmond (ˈrɪtʃmənd is a city in Wayne Township, Wayne County, in east central Indiana, which borders Ohio. Also during the 1920s, an old-time music band known as the Hill Billies featuring Al Hopkins and Fiddlin' Charlie Bowman, achieved acclaim as recording artists for Columbia Records. By the late forties, radio stations broadcast music described as "hillbilly," originally to describe fiddlers and string bands, but was then used to describe the traditional music of the people of the Appalachian Mountains. The people who actually sang these songs and lived in the Appalachian Mountains never used these terms to describe their own music.

Popular songs whose style bore characteristics of both hillbilly and African American music were referred to, in the late 1940s and early 1950s as hillbilly boogie, and in the mid-1950s as rockabilly. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Old-time music is a form of North American Folk music, with roots in the Folk musics of many countries including England, Scotland, Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of Rock and roll music and emerged in the early 1950s Elvis Presley was a prominent player of the latter genre. When the Country Music Association was founded in 1958, the term hillbilly music gradually fell out of use. However, the term rockabilly is still in common use. [1]

Later, the music industry merged hillbilly music, Western Swing, and Cowboy music, to form the current category C&W, Country and Western. This article is about the Musical genre. For the popular western swing Steel guitar tuning see E9 tuning. Western music is a form of Folk music originally composed by and about the people who settled and worked throughout the Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains.

The famous bluegrass fiddler Vassar Clements described his style of music as "hillbilly jazz. Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and is a sub-genre of Country music. Vassar Clements ( April 25, 1928 – August 16, 2005) was an American virtuoso jazz and bluegrass Fiddler "

In Poland the term hillbilly references the people who live in the mountainous south of Poland in the part once occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

Billy Hill and the Hillbillies are a musical/variety group at Disneyland Park (Anaheim) in Anaheim, California. Billy Hill and the Hillbillies are a musical/variety group at Disneyland in Anaheim California. Disneyland, marketed as the happiest place on Earth, is an American Theme park in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt

In fiction & popular culture

Hillbillies have often been characterized as naïve or ignorant hicks.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Curry, "A House Divided", county votes pgs. The following is a list of ethnic slurs that are or have been used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given Ethnicity or to refer to them in a derogatory (critical Oxycodone is an Opioid Analgesic Medication synthesized from Thebaine. Redneck refers to a Stereotype of usually Rural, Caucasian (i " Cracker " sometimes " white cracker " is a Pejorative term for a white person, mainly used in the Southern United States White trash is a Pejorative term targeted at lower social class White people with poor prospects and/or low levels of education Poor White is an American Novel by Sherwood Anderson, published in 1920 Trailer trash (or trailer park trash) is a derogatory North American English term for people of low socio-economic standing Yokel is a derogatory term referring to the Stereotype of unsophisticated country people Cletus Delroy Spuckler is a recurring character in the FOX animated series The Simpsons, and is voiced by Hank Azaria. The Mountain Men is also the name of a 1980 movie starring Charlton Heston. Daniel Baker College was founded April 5, 1889 in Brownwood Texas and was named in memory of the Rev Verona High School is a four-year Public high school, serving students in 9th through 12th grade as part of the Verona Public Schools in Verona, in 141-47
  2. ^ Kenneth W. Noe essay "Exterminating Savages" pg. 116 in "The Civil War in Appalachia, Collected Essays"
  3. ^ Curry, "A House Divided," pg. 75
  4. ^ Wikipedia"List of Married With Children Episodes"21 Feb 2008
  5. ^ Hey-Arnold. The following is an episode list for the Fox sitcom Married with Children. com"Stinky Peterson (and family)"
  6. ^ Baileyville, Illinois"Baileyville, Illinois"22 Jan 2008
  7. ^ David Sanjek, "All the Memories Money Can Buy: Marketing Authenticity and Manufacturing Authorship", p. Baileyville is an Unincorporated community in Ogle County, Illinois, and is located west of Rockford. 155–172 in Eric Weisbard, ed. , This is Pop, Harvard University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-674-01321-2 (cloth), ISBN 0-674-01344-1 (paper). p. 156–157.

References

Dictionary

hillbilly

-noun

  1. Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication.
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