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"Hills" redirects here. For other uses, see Hills (disambiguation).
For other uses, see The Hill and Hill (disambiguation).

A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e. In Geomorphology, an escarpment is a transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves a sharp steep Elevation differential characterized g. Box Hill). Box Hill is a well known beauty spot in the North Downs of Surrey, England, close to the southern outskirts of London, overlooking Dorking to A hillock is a small hill. A hillock is a small hill usually separated from a larger group of Hills such as a range.

The panoramic view from Connors Hill, near Swifts Creek, Victoria
The panoramic view from Connors Hill, near Swifts Creek, Victoria

Contents

Terminology

The distinction between a hill and a mountain is unclear and largely subjective, but a hill is generally somewhat lower and less steep than a mountain. Swifts Creek is a rural community located between Omeo and Ensay on the Great Alpine Road in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak In the United Kingdom it is popularly believed that the Ordnance Survey defines a "mountain" as a peak greater than 305 metres (1,000 ft) above sea level, a belief which forms the basis of the film The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain; in fact the OS maintains no such distinction today. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain is a 1995 movie written by Ivor Monger and directed by Christopher Monger. [1] The Oxford English Dictionary, by contrast, suggests a limit of 2000 ft (610 m). The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English This has led to Cavanal Hill in Poteau, Oklahoma, receive billing as the "World's Tallest Hill" due to its height of 1,999 feet (609 m). Cavanal Hill (officially Cavanal Mountain according to the US Geological Survey) located at Poteau Oklahoma is billed as the tallest Hill Poteau is a city in Le Flore County, Oklahoma, United States. Mountains in Scotland are frequently referred to as "hills" no matter what their height, as reflected in names such as the Cuillin Hills and the Torridon Hills. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. This article is about the Cuillin of Skye See Rùm for the Cuillin of Rùm The Torridon Hills surround Torridon village in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland.

Artificial hills may be referred to by a variety of technical names. See mound and tumulus. A mound is a general term for an artificial heaped Pile of Earth, Gravel, Sand, rocks A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves

Hills of the Judean Desert.
Hills of the Judean Desert. Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised

Hills may form through a number of geomorphic phenomena: faulting, erosion of larger landforms, such as mountains and movement and deposition of sediment by glaciers (eg. Geomorphology (from Greek: γη ge, "earth" μορφή morfé, "form" and λόγος Logos, "knowledge" A phenomenon (from Greek φαινόμενoν, pl φαινόμενα - phenomena) is any observable occurrence In Geology a fault, or fault line, is a planar rock fracture which shows evidence of relative movement Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. moraines and drumlins, or by erosion exposing solid rock which then weathers down into a hill. Moraine refers to any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions such as those A drumlin (Irish droimnín, a little hill ridge is an elongated whale-shaped Hill formed by glacial action The rounded peaks of hills results from the diffusive movement of soil and regolith covering the hill, a process known as downhill creep. Diffusion is the net movement of particles (typically molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by uncoordinated random movement Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Regolith ( Greek: "blanket rock" is a layer of loose Heterogeneous material covering solid rock. Downhill creep, or commonly just creep, is the slow downward progression of rock and Soil down a low grade slope it can also refer to slow deformation

Areas that would otherwise have hills do not because of glacier cover during the Ice Age. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets The contrast between the extreme plains of northern Indiana, and the extreme hilliness of southern Indiana is a result of this. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union

There are various specific names used to describe particular types of hill, based on appearance and method of formation. Many such names originated in one geographical region to describe a type of hill formation peculiar to that region, though the names are often adopted by geologists and used in a wider geographical context. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit These include:

Historical significance

Clouds over hills
Clouds over hills

Hills have played an important role in history.

Many settlements were originally built on hills, either to avoid or curb floods, particularly if they were near a large body of water, or for defence, since they offer a good view of the surrounding land and require would-be attackers to fight uphill. For example, Ancient Rome was built on seven hills, protecting it from invaders. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Seven Hills of Rome east of the river Tiber form the geographical heart of Rome, within the walls of the ancient city

In northern Europe, many ancient monuments are sited on hills. Some of these are defensive structures (such as the hill-forts of the Iron Age), but others appear to have had a religious significance. In Britain, many churches at the tops of hills are thought to have been built on the sites of earlier pagan holy places. The National Cathedral in Washington, DC has followed this tradition and was built on the highest hill in that city. Washington National Cathedral, whose official name is the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul is a Cathedral of The Episcopal Church. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D

Military significance

The Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill

Hills provide a major advantage to an army, giving them an elevated firing position and forcing an opposing army to charge uphill to attack them. The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 on Breed's Hill, as part of the Siege of Boston during the American Revolutionary They may also conceal forces behind them, allowing a force to lay in wait on the crest of a hill, using that crest for cover, and firing on unsuspecting attackers as they broach the hilltop.

As a result, conventional military strategies often demand possession of high ground. Hills have become sites for many noted battles, such as the first recorded military conflict in Scotland known as the battle of Mons Graupius, which some scholars associate with Kempstone Hill in Aberdeenshire. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. According to Tacitus, the Battle of Mons Graupius took place in 83 or 84 AD. Kempstone Hill is a Landform in Aberdeenshire, Scotland within the Mounth Range of the Grampian Mountains. Aberdeenshire (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain is one of the 32 unitary Council areas in Scotland. Modern conflicts include the Battle of Bunker Hill (which was actually fought on Breed's Hill) in the American War for Independence and Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill in the Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War. The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 on Breed's Hill, as part of the Siege of Boston during the American Revolutionary Breed's Hill is the actual site where the Battle of Bunker Hill took place during the American Revolution, located in the Charlestown section of Boston In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Cemetery Hill is a key terrain feature in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, the northernmost extent of Cemetery Ridge. See also Battle of Gettysburg See also [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] and [[Gettysburg Union order Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of San Juan Hill in the Spanish-American War won Americans control of Santiago. The Battle of San Juan Hill ( July 1, 1898) was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the Spanish-American War. Santiago de Cuba is the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province in the south-eastern area of the island nation of Cuba The Battle of Alesia was also fought from a hilltop fort. The Battle of Alesia or Siege of Alesia took place in September 52 BC around the Gallic Oppidum of Alesia, a major town centre and Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for

Sports and games

An example of a golf course in England that has hills.
An example of a golf course in England that has hills. A golf course consists of a series of holes each consisting of a Teeing ground, Fairway, rough and other hazards and a green with a pin and cup all designed for England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

The terrain is often made more rugged and hilly on golf courses to make the holes harder to play. For example, the hole may be located at the top of a hill, and the course is designed specifically to make it almost impossible to allow the golf ball to rest near the top; it would roll down, and the player would have to try again. A golf ball is a Ball designed to be used in the game of Golf.

An annual event in the West Country of England involves the rolling of a wheel of cheese down a hill. The West Country is an informal term for the area of south western England roughly corresponding to the modern South West England government region England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Cooper's Hill Cheese Rolling and Wake is an annual event held in the month of May at Cooper's Hill,, near Cheltenham and Gloucester in the Contestants stand at the top and chase the wheel of cheese to the bottom. Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. The winner, the one who catches the cheese, gets to keep the wheel of cheese as a prize.

Also see Nathan Hill offical weirdo.

Gallery

A coffee plantation on a conical hill near Orosí, Costa Rica. Orosi is a town in the Cartago Province in Costa Rica, about 30 kilometers south of the capital San José. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in

Some hills can be quite small, such as this Ant-hill

Hills south west of Sanandaj near the village of Kilaneh, Kurdistan Province of Iran. An ant colony is an underground Lair where Ants live Colonies consist of a series of underground chambers connected to each other and the surface of the earth by Sanandaj or Sine ( سنندج, Sanandaj; Kurdish: سنه, Sine) is the capital of the Iranian province Kilaneh is a village southwest of Sanandaj, in Kurdistan province Iran. Kordestan ( Persian: استان کردستان UniPers: Ostâne Kordestân; Kurdish: پارێزگه ی کوردستان Parêzgeha For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

See also

References

External links

Colluvium is the name for loose bodies of Sediment that have been deposited or built up at the bottom of a low-grade slope or against a barrier on that slope transported by A crag (sometimes spelled cragg, or in Scotland craig) is a rocky hill or mountain generally isolated from other high ground In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes. Jack and Jill is a classic Nursery rhyme of the English speaking world. A kame is a geological feature an irregularly shaped Hill or Mound composed of Sand, Gravel and Till that accumulates King of the Hill (also known as "King of the Mountain" or "King of the Castle" is a Game, the object of which is to stay on top of a large hill or pile This is a list of famous Hills Avas Biggin Hill Bredon Hill Bunker Hill A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak Tell, tel or tall (تلّ tall, and תֵּל tel) meaning "hill" or "mound" is a type of archaeological Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas characterised by low growing vegetation on Acidic soils

Dictionary

hill

-noun

  1. An elevated location smaller than a mountain
  2. A sloping road
  3. A heap of earth surrounding a plant
  4. (baseball) The pitcher's mound.

Hill

-proper noun

  1. (US) Capitol Hill; the US Congress
  2. A British topographic surname for someone who lived on or by a hill
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