The High Sheriff is, or was, a law enforcement position in Anglosphere countries. The word Anglosphere describes a concept of a group of Anglophone ( English -speaking nations which share historical political and cultural characteristics rooted The High Sheriff of an English or Welsh county is an unpaid, partly ceremonial post appointed by The Crown through a Warrant from the Privy Council. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Throughout the Commonwealth realms The Crown is an abstract metonymic concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government Most often the term warrant refers to a specific type of Authorization; a Writ issued by a competent officer usually a Judge or Magistrate A privy council is a body that advises the Head of state of a nation on how to exercise their executive authority, typically but not always in the context of a In Cornwall the High Sheriff is appointed by the Duke of Cornwall. High Sheriffs of Cornwall: a chronological list Note: the Duchy of Cornwall - has the right to choose High Sheriffs each year rather than the The Dukedom of Cornwall was the first Dukedom created in the Peerage of England. In some states of the United States of America, the High Sheriff is the chief sheriff of the state, who outranks and commands all other sheriffs. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The United States of America —commonly referred to as the SHERIFF is a telecom fraud detection and management system originally developed by BT and MCI.
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England, Wales and Northern Ireland
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland the High Sheriff is theoretically the Sovereign's judicial representative in the county, while the Lord Lieutenant is the Sovereign's personal representative. The title Lord Lieutenant is given to the British Monarch 's personal representatives in the United Kingdom, usually in a county or similar circumscription with varying (The post should not be confused with that of Sheriff in Scotland, who is a judge sitting in a Sheriff Court. SHERIFF is a telecom fraud detection and management system originally developed by BT and MCI. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Sheriff courts provide the local Court service in Scotland, with each court serving a sheriff court district within a Sheriffdom. ) Their jurisdictions, the "Shrieval Counties", are no longer co-terminous with administrative areas, representing a mix between the ancient counties and more recent local authority areas. The counties of the United Kingdom are a type of subnational division of historical origin by the Middle Ages they had become established as a unit of The post is unpaid (except for a nominal court attendance allowance), and the general expenses of the office are borne personally by the holder[1].
The office of Sheriff has its origins in the 10th century; the office reached the height of its influence under the Norman kings. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) established a yearly tenure of office. The Provisions of Oxford were installed in 1258 by a group of barons led by Simon de Montfort 6th Earl of Leicester; these documents are often regarded as England's first written The appointments and duties of the High Sheriffs in England and Wales are laid down by the Sheriffs Act 1887[2].
The serving Sheriff submits a list of names of possible future sheriffs to a tribunal which chooses three names to put to the Sovereign. The nomination is made on 12 November every year and the term of office runs from 25 March, the start of the legal year prior to 1752. No person may be appointed twice in three years unless there is no other suitable person in the county.
Responsibilities
Contemporary High Sheriffs have few genuine responsibilities and their functions are largely representational:[3][4]
- Attendance at Royal visits to the county.
- Proclamation of the accession of a new sovereign. A Gold Sovereign is a Gold coin first issued in 1489 for Henry VII of England and still in production as of 2008
- They usually act as the Returning Officer for Parliamentary elections in county constituencies and see to the annual appointment of an undersheriff. In various parliamentary systems a Returning Officer is responsible for overseeing Elections in one or more constituencies In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly An undersheriff is an office derived from ancient British practice and still extant in among other places the United Kingdom and the United States though somewhat different forms
- Attendance at the opening ceremony when a High Court Judge goes on circuit. For the Cameroonian court by this name see High Court of Justice (Cameroon, for the Israeli court of this name see Supreme Court of Israel. A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law
- Execution of High Court writs.
- Appointment of under-sheriffs to act as deputies.
Most of the High Sheriff's work is delegated; for example, the local police protect Judges and Courts, so that in effect the post of High Sheriff is essentially a ceremonial post. Theoretical responsibilities include the well-being and protection of High Court Judges, and attending them in Court; and the maintenance of the loyalty of subjects to the Crown. [5]
The High Sheriff was traditionally responsible for the maintenance of law and order within the county, although most of these duties are now delegated to the professional Chief Constable of Police. In Politics, law and order refers to a political platform which supports a strict Criminal justice system especially in relation to Violent crime Chief Constable is the title given to the Chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except the two responsible for Greater Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force [4] Nowadays, the position is frequently awarded to people with an association with law enforcement (police, lawyers, magistrates, judges). Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law See List of Shrievalties. This is a list of the currently-existing offices of High Sheriffs in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland, along with some minor Sheriffdoms in existence
United States
The position of High Sheriff in the United States generally denotes the superior sheriff in a state, or the head of a state-wide sheriff's department. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Such a position exists in Rhode Island (Executive High Sheriff)[6], and Hawaii. Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the In New Hampshire, the ten High Sheriffs are the senior law enforcement officers of each county, and have police powers throughout the state. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force
The New York City Sheriff functions as a de facto high sheriff, as his jurisdiction covers New York City, which contains the five New York Counties - each of which contains an Undersheriff. The City of New York The City of New York An undersheriff is an office derived from ancient British practice and still extant in among other places the United Kingdom and the United States though somewhat different forms
See also
References
- ^ Privy Council public information website
- ^ Full text of the Sheriffs Act 1877 c.55 on DCA Website
- ^ Duties of the High Sheriff, West Sussex County Council
- ^ a b The Office of High Sheriff, High Sheriffs' Association of England and Wales
- ^ A General View Of The Criminal Law Of England - James Fitzjames Stephen 2005
- ^ Rhode Island State Sheriff's Department
External links
This is a list of High Sheriffs in England and Wales, and of Sheriffs in Northern Ireland for 2008 This is a list of the currently-existing offices of High Sheriffs in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland, along with some minor Sheriffdoms in existence High Court Enforcement Officers are authorised by the Lord Chancellor to execute High Court Writs They can seize and sell goods to cover the amount ofDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic