Citizendia

Heydar Aliyev,
Heydər Əliyev
Heydar Aliyev
In office
June 24, 1993 – October 31, 2003
Preceded byAbülfaz Elçibay
Succeeded byIlham Aliyev
BornMay 10, 1923(1923-05-10) (uncertain)
Nakhchivan ASSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union
DiedDecember 13, 2003 (aged 80) (uncertain)
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
NationalityAzerbaijani,
Political partyNew Azerbaijan Party
SpouseZarifa Aliyeva

Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: Heydər Əlirza oğlu Əliyev, Russian: Гейдар Алиев; May 10, 1923[1] – December 12, 2003), also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the president of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him. The country of Azerbaijan is a Presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the Head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Abülfaz Elçibay, (Əbülfəz Elçibəy June 24, 1938, Nakhchivan – August 22, 2000, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev ( İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev) (born December 24, 1961) is the current President of Azerbaijan. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Nakhichevan ASSR (or the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The New Azerbaijan Party ( Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası) is the ruling Political party in Azerbaijan. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South The New Azerbaijan Party ( Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası) is the ruling Political party in Azerbaijan. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev ( İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev) (born December 24, 1961) is the current President of Azerbaijan. From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, practically dominating the political life of Azerbaijan for over 30 years. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South He was married to Zarifa Aliyeva, who died in 1985, and was survived by his son and daughter. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar)

Contents

Career in the Soviet era

Early life

Aliyev obscured much of his early life, and details remain uncertain. He claimed to have been born into a working-class family in the Nakhchivan ASSR (today the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) of the Azerbaijan SSR, though doubt exists over his date of birth. The Nakhichevan ASSR (or the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. After graduating from Nakhchivan Pedagogical School, he attended the Azerbaijan Industrial Institute (now the Azerbaijan State Oil Academy) where he studied architecture. Azerbaijan State Oil Academy (ASOA (Azərbaycan Dövlət Neft Akademiyası (ADNA is a Public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. He also claimed to have studied at the Baku State University, graduating with a degree in history. Baku State University (Bakı Dövlət Universiteti is a Public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. It seems, however, that he actually attended the Ministry of State Security Academy in Leningrad. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River

Leadership of Soviet Azerbaijan

Aliyev joined the Azerbaijan SSR People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB) in 1944. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1954, upon the government reform, NKGB became known as Committee for State Security, or the KGB. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty Aliyev rose quickly within the agency to the rank of Major-General [2], became a deputy chairman of Azerbaijani KGB in 1964, and the chairman of this organization in 1967. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar.

In 1969, Aliyev was appointed by Leonid Brezhnev to the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of Azerbaijan Communist Party amidst a Soviet anti-corruption campaign[3], taking over from Veli Akhoundov, who was accused of corruption[4]. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Azerbaijan Communist Party ( Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası) was the ruling Political party in the Azerbaijan SSR, making it effectively a branch of Aliyev has made some progress in fight against corruption, a number of people were sentenced to prison terms; and, in 1975, five factory and collective farm managers were sentenced to death for gross corruption[5]. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In early 1980s, Aliyev closed the republic's law school to the offspring of certain legal personnel in a purported effort to curb a self-perpetuating elite based on corruption[6].

During his leadership of Soviet Azerbaijan, Aliyev did not develop a commitment to the modernization of social structures, but his efforts led to considerably increased economic growth rates in Azerbaijan SSR[7]. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. Aliyev became perhaps the most successful republican leader, raising the profile of the underprivileged republic and consistently promoting Azerbaijanis to senior posts[8]. This came at the cost of flattering Leonid Brezhnev with lavish gifts and receptions during his three visits to Azerbaijan SSR[8]. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. On one occasion, Aliyev gave him a diamond ring, with one large stone in the middle - Brezhnev - surrounded by 15 smaller ones, symbolizing the constituent Soviet Republics, worth estimated 226,000 roubles[9].

On November 22, 1982, Yuri Andropov promoted Aliyev from alternate to full member of Soviet Politburo[10] and appointed him to the post of First Deputy Prime Minister of the Soviet Union[11], responsible for transportation and social services. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov) ( &ndash 9 February 1984 was a Soviet politician The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Aliyev thus attained the highest position ever reached by Azerbaijani in Soviet Union[12]. The Azerbaijanis are an Ethnic group mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Aliyev was forced to resign from this position in 1987 amidst the alleged corruption charges by Mikhail Gorbachev[12]. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician

KGB and leader of Azerbaijan SSR

As head of the KGB's branch in Azerbaijan, he ran an anti-corruption campaign masked to purge his opponents. [13][14][15] Following the purge, Aliyev soon became the undisputed leader of Azerbaijan. During this time, Heydar Aliyev was enriched and venerated by developing prominent ties with the Azeri mafia. Aliyev, with the help of the Azeri mafia, earned the profits from the Caspian Sea caviar, Sumgait oil, fruits and vegetables, cotton and customs and transport industries of Azerbaijan. [13][14] In order to remain as undisputed leader of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev paid bribes to Brezhnev in the form of gifts such as a "Sun-king" diamond ring that was worth up to 226,000 roubles. [13][14][15] When two Moscow prosecutors investigated the Azeri mafia, one was tried and expelled from the Communist party and the other was convicted and shot. [13] He also became a candidate (non-voting) member of the Soviet Politburo in 1976. The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He occupied this position until December 1982 when Yuri Andropov promoted him to the post of first Deputy Prime Minister of the Soviet Union. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov) ( &ndash 9 February 1984 was a Soviet politician The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The promotion came after a sum of 4 million roubles in bribes, at the cost of the Azeri mafia. [13]

His star waned following the appointment in 1985 of Mikhail Gorbachev as Soviet leader. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician His political views became a liability in the era of perestroika. Despite the persecutions of all his relatives in Azerbaijan, Gamboi Mamedov investigated Aliyev's corruption and ties with the mafia. This led to the mass suicide of a number of Azeri mafia members, as well as "mysterious" deaths of a number of Aliyev's lieutenants. [13] His fall from grace became public when the state newspaper Pravda attacked him for corruption, with critics labeling him "one of the great Communist dinosaurs. " In October 1987, Gorbachev mounted a clear-out of the Brezhnevite old guard and forced Aliyev to resign from the Politburo and as head of the Azerbaijan Communist Party "for reasons of health". [16]

Alivey dominated the political life of Azerbaijan for over 30 years, but left his oil-rich country with a problematic legacy of gross corruption. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain

Fall and re-invention

After his forced retirement in 1987, Aliyev remained in Moscow till 1990. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) He suffered from heart attack during this period of time. Aliyev briefly appeared in the Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan SSR in Moscow, opposing the Soviet reassertion of control in Baku[17], a military action which resulted in violent Black January events amidst the brewing Nagorno-Karabakh War. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Black January ( Azeri: Qara Yanvar) also known as Black Saturday or the January Massacre was a crackdown of Azeri protest demonstrations The Nagorno-Karabakh War refers to the armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small ethnic Enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh

Almost immediately after this public appearance in Moscow, Aliyev officially denounced his membership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and left Moscow for his native Nakhchivan. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная Here, Aliyev reinvented himself as a moderate nationalist and was subsequently elected as a deputy to the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan SSR in Baku. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Under the pressure and criticism from the groups connected to his nemesis, then-leader of Soviet Azerbaijan Ayaz Mutallibov, Aliyev again returned to Nakhchivan, where he was elected a Chairman of the Supreme Council of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 1991. This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütallibov (born 1938 Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütəllibov Аяз Ниязoвич Муталибов was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, and the first The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.

By December 1991, when Soviet Union ceased to exist and Azerbaijan became formally an independent state, despite Mutallibov's presidency, Aliyev independently governed Nakhchivan. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütallibov (born 1938 Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütəllibov Аяз Ниязoвич Муталибов was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, and the first The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная The period of early 1992 was marked by increased violence in Nagorno-Karabakh War, further fueled by Khojaly Massacre and the fall of Shusha, the last Azerbaijani-populated town in Nagorno-Karabakh. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Nagorno-Karabakh War refers to the armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small ethnic Enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh The Khojaly Massacre was the killing of hundreds of ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojaly on 25 February 1992 during the For the republic see Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Nagorno-Karabakh is a Region in the South Caucasus. These events resulted in resignation of Ayaz Mutallibov and subsequent rise to power of Azerbaijan Popular Front led by Abulfaz Elchibey. Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütallibov (born 1938 Ayaz Niyazi oğlu Mütəllibov Аяз Ниязoвич Муталибов was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, and the first The Azerbaijan Popular Front Party ( Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyası) is the main opposition Political party in Azerbaijan, founded in 1992 by Abülfaz Elçibay, (Əbülfəz Elçibəy June 24, 1938, Nakhchivan – August 22, 2000, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani During Elchibey's one year in power, Aliyev continued to govern Nakhchivan without any subordination to official government in Baku. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan The attempt by Popular Front's Minister of Interior Isgandar Hamidov to forcefully overthrow Aliyev in Nakhchivan were thwarted by local militia in Nakhchivan's airport. The Azerbaijan Popular Front Party ( Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyası) is the main opposition Political party in Azerbaijan, founded in 1992 by İsgəndər Məcid oğlu Həmidov (also transliterated as Iskender Majid oglu Hamidov or Iskander Medjid oglu Hamidov) (born April 10, 1948 in The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная During the same period, Aliyev independently negotiated cease-fire agreement in Nakhchivan with then Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrossian. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная Levon Ter-Petrossian ( Armenian: Լևոն Տեր-Պետրոսյան Russian: Левон Тер-Петросян (born January 9 1945)

On June 9, 1993, amidst the military coup in Ganja, led by Colonel Suret Huseynov, Abulfaz Elchibey was forced to invite Heydar Aliyev in Baku to mediate. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Abülfaz Elçibay, (Əbülfəz Elçibəy June 24, 1938, Nakhchivan – August 22, 2000, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan On June 24, 1993, Elchibey himself left Baku for exile in his native Nakhchivan while Aliyev was elected to become a Chairman of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan, also assuming temporary presidential powers[18]. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South In August 1993, Elchibey was stripped of his presidency by the nationwide referendum and Aliyev was elected a President of Azerbaijan in October 1993. Other names In Arabic, the month is called أغسطسص ʾUġusṭuṣ or آب ʾĀb; usage varies from place to place and Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The country of Azerbaijan is a Presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the Head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan October events and holidays Children's Book Week ( England) - First Week of October National Day ( China People's Republic Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)

President of Azerbaijan

Upon Aliyev's rise to power in 1993, Azerbaijan's political transformation faced a number of hurdles due to anti-democratic practices in elections, repression of the opposition, consolidation of one-man rule, bribery, corruption and regionalism[19]. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) During his presidency, Aliyev ruled Azerbaijan with a firm hand, encouraging foreign investment, while discouraging political dissent. He twice ran and won the presidency of Azerbaijan in national elections (held in the October of 1993 and the October of 1998), but international observers regarded neither election as free nor fair. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Nevertheless, Aliyev's presidency brought stability to Azerbaijan in 1993[20]. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)

Aliyev had considerable success at attracting multinational companies to invest heavily in Azerbaijan's oil industry, which controlled large oil and gas reserves under the Caspian Sea but had suffered poor management in Soviet times. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. In 1994 President Aliyev signed a huge contract with the international oil consortium Azerbaijan International Operating Company (AIOC). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Azerbaijan International Operating Company is a consortium of currently 10 petroleum companies that have signed extraction contracts with Azerbaijan. He also acted as one of the driving forces behind the controversial multi-billion dollar project to build the BTC pipeline from Baku to Ceyhan in Turkey, via neighboring Georgia (thus bypassing Russia to the north and Iran. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline is a crude oil pipeline from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli Oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Ceyhan is one of the most populous towns within the Turkish province of Adana and is an important Mediterranean port Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

However, mismanagement and corruption flourished under Aliyev's decade of autocratic rule and Azerbaijan gained a reputation as one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Aliyev and his son, Ilham both stood accused of personally skimming off huge sums of oil revenue, leading to some describing the country as a kleptocracy. Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev ( İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev) (born December 24, 1961) is the current President of Azerbaijan. A kleptocracy (sometimes cleptocracy, occasionally kleptarchy) ( root klepto+kratein = rule by thieves) is a term applied to a

He also tried but failed to resolve the Nagorno-Karabakh War, which eventually resulted in the loss of some 16%[21] of Azerbaijan's territory, estimated 30,000 deaths and displacement of over 600,000 ethnic Azerbaijanis[21]. The Nagorno-Karabakh War refers to the armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small ethnic Enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh The Azerbaijanis are an Ethnic group mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Attempting a military counter offensive in December 1993, Aliyev was able to recover some territory in Fizuli district, including the town of Horadiz, from the Armenian forces. Nevertheless, he settled for a ceasefire agreement in May 1994 which remains in force till now. The issue remains unresolved, with Armenian military control over Nagorno-Karabakh and hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Azerbaijan. For the republic see Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Nagorno-Karabakh is a Region in the South Caucasus. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South

Death and successor

Aliyev's health began to fail in 1999, when he had a major heart bypass operation in the United States at the Cleveland Clinic. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Coronary artery bypass surgery, also coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery is a surgical procedure The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Cleveland Clinic (formally known as the Cleveland Clinic Foundation) is a multispecialty academic medical center located in Cleveland, Ohio, He later had prostate surgery and a hernia operation. The prostate (from Greek προστάτης - prostates, literally "one who stands before" "protector" "guardian" is a A hernia is a protrusion of a tissue, structure or part of an organ through the muscular tissue or the membrane by which it is normally contained He suffered a collapse while giving a speech on live television in April 2003. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. On August 6, Aliyev returned to the United States for treatment for congestive heart failure and kidney problems. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles He stood down from the presidency at the start of October 2003, but in an extremely controversial move appointed his son Ilham as his party's sole presidential candidate. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. On December 12, 2003, President Heydar Aliyev died in the Cleveland Clinic. [22]

Ilham Aliyev duly won the presidential election of October 15, 2003 but international observers again criticized the contest as falling well below expected standards. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the [23] This transfer of power became the first case of top-level dynastic succession in the former Soviet Union. [24]

Honors

Throughout his life, Heydar Aliyev was awarded and decorated with numerous awards. Heydar Aliyev was awarded with the Order of Lenin four times, the order of Red Star once and Hero of the Socialistic Labor twice. Design of the decoration The first design of the Order of Lenin was made of silver with On 27 March 1997 in Kiev, Ukraine, Aliyev was awarded with the supreme order of Ukraine, the "Yaroslav Mudry" order. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. On 13 April 1999, President Heydar Aliyev was awarded with the supreme order of Turkey. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches the "Peace Premium of Ataturk" order. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman On 3 April, 2003, he was elected professor and authorized member of the Academy of Safety of the Russian Federation, and was subsequently given the premium of Y. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending V. Andropov. On 10 May 2003, he was decorated with the order of Saint Apostle Andrey Pervozvanny, which is the supreme order of Russia. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. [1]

References

  1. ^ a b Heydar Aliyev biography. Retrieved on 2007-08-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation
  2. ^ Nikolaij Nor-Mesek, Wolfgang Rieper. The Defense Council of the USSR, Institut für Sowjet-Studien, 1984, p. 9
  3. ^ Richard Sakwa. Soviet politics in perspective, Routledge, 1998, ISBN 0415169925, p. 71
  4. ^ Bernard Anthony Cook. Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 0815340575, p. 70
  5. ^ James Stuart Olson. An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires, Greenwood Press, 1994, ISBN 0313274975, p. 71
  6. ^ Louise I. Shelley. Policing Soviet Society: The Evolution of State Control, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0415104696, p. 88
  7. ^ Christian Schmidt-Häuer. Gorbachev: The Path to Power, I. B. Tauris, 1986, ISBN 1850430152, p. 205
  8. ^ a b Thomas De Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, NYU Press, 2003, ISBN 0814719457, p. 134
  9. ^ Harold James Perkin. The Third Revolution: Professional Elites in the Modern World, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0415143373, p. 134
  10. ^ Alexander Hopkins McDannald. The Americana Annual: An Encyclopedia of Current Events, Americana Corporation, 1983, p. 524
  11. ^ Martin McCauley. Who's Who in Russia Since 1900, Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0415138981, p. 13
  12. ^ a b Roger East, Richard Thomas, Alan John Day. A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 1857430638, p. 34
  13. ^ a b c d e f Perkin, Harold James (1996). The Third Revolution: Professional Elites in the Modern World. Routledge, p. 204. ISBN 0415143373.  
  14. ^ a b c Block, Alan A. (1997). Masters of Paradise: A Postscript. Transaction Publishers, p. 325. ISBN 1560009713.  
  15. ^ a b Azadian, Edmond Y. (2000). History on the Move: Views, Interviews and Essays on Armenian Issues. Wayne State University Press, p. 67. ISBN 0814329160.  
  16. ^ EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Azerbaijan: Biography Of Deceased Former President Heidar Aliyev
  17. ^ Roger East, Richard J. Thomas. Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders, Routledge, 2003, ISBN 185743126X, p. 32
  18. ^ United States Library of Congress Country Studies Azerbaijan - The Coup of June 1993.
  19. ^ Ayşe Güneş-Ayata, Ayca Ergun, Isıl Çelimli. Black Sea Politics: Political Culture and Civil Society in an Unstable Region, I. B. Tauris, 2005, ISBN 1845110358, p. 108
  20. ^ Richard Sokolsky, Stuart E. Johnson, F. Stephen Larrabee. Persian Gulf Security--Improving Allied Military Contributions, Rand Corporation, 2000, ISBN 083302910X, p. 22
  21. ^ a b CIA World Factbook 2007. Online Edition
  22. ^ China Daily News Azerbaijan's Geidar Aliev dies at 80. Published December 16, 2003
  23. ^ Human Rights Watch Azerbaijan: Presidential Elections 2003
  24. ^ Radio Free Europe Azerbaijan: Ilham Aliev's Confirmation As Premier Will Keep Presidency In The Family. Written by Askold Krushelnycky. Published August 4, 2003.

See also

External links

Preceded by
Vali Akhundov		First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party
1969–1982		Succeeded by
Kamran Bagirov
Preceded by
none		Parliamentary Chairman of Nakhchivan
1991–1993		Succeeded by
Vasif Talibov
Preceded by
Abülfaz Elçibay		President of Azerbaijan
1993–2003		Succeeded by
Ilham Aliyev
The country of Azerbaijan is a Presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the Head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan The Politics of Azerbaijan take place in a framework of a presidential Republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the Head of state, and the The National Assembly ( Milli Məclis) is the Legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations; the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; NATO 's Partnership for Peace; Euro-Atlantic This article lists political parties in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is a One party dominant state. Vasif Talibov (Vasif (born 14 January, 1960, Aralig, Nakhchivan ASSR, Azerbaijan SSR Abülfaz Elçibay, (Əbülfəz Elçibəy June 24, 1938, Nakhchivan – August 22, 2000, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani The country of Azerbaijan is a Presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the Head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev ( İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev) (born December 24, 1961) is the current President of Azerbaijan.
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