Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel¹ Kurfürstentum Hessen Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel Electorate of Hesse State of the Holy Roman Empire State of the German Confederation ← 1567 – 1806 1813 – 1866 → Flag Coat of arms (1818) Hesse-Kassel Capital Kassel Language(s) German Religion Protestant (Calvinist) Government Principality Landgrave  - 1567–1592 William IV of Hesse  - 1730–1751 Frederick I of Sweden History  - Established 1567  - Raised to Electorate 1803  - Annexed by France 1806  - Reestablished 1813  - Annexed by Prussia 1866 Area  - 1864 9,581 km² (3,699 sq mi) Population  - 1864 est. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The States of the German Confederation were those member states that from June 20, 1815 were part of the German Confederation, which lasted with some changes The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to The Landgraviate of Hesse (Landgrafschaft Hessen was a Landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Province of Hesse-Nassau (Provinz Hessen-Nassau was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1868-1918 then a province of the Free State of Prussia Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince Landgrave ( Dutch landgraaf, German Landgraf; French landgrave; Latin comes magnus, comes patriae William IV ( 24 June 1532 &ndash 25 August 1592) also called William the Wise, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel Frederick I (Fredrik I ( 23 April 1676 – 25 March 1751) was King of Sweden from 1720 and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. 745,063       Density 77. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8 /km²  (201. 4 /sq mi) Currency Hesse-Kassel thaler(till 1858) Hesse-Kassel vereinsthaler(1858-1873)

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (German: Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel) or Hesse-Cassel was a Reichsfrei principality of the Holy Roman Empire that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Thaler was the currency of the Landgravate then Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel until 1858 The Vereinsthaler was the Currency of the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel between 1858 and 1873 The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged feudal and political status a form of statehood which a City, religious A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Landgraviate of Hesse (Landgrafschaft Hessen was a Landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire. Philip I of Hesse, ( 13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567) nicknamed der Großmütige (the " Magnanimous " was a leading His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the capital of Kassel. William IV ( 24 June 1532 &ndash 25 August 1592) also called William the Wise, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the The other sons received the Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Rheinfels and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg was a German landgraviate, and independent Principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1485 Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels, also called Philip the Younger, (1541-1583 was the first and only Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the Electorate of Hesse (Kurfürstentum Hessen, or Kurhessen) in 1803. It was then annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War and subsequently became the Province of Hesse-Nassau. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Austro-Prussian The Province of Hesse-Nassau (Provinz Hessen-Nassau was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1868-1918 then a province of the Free State of Prussia

17th-18th centuries

The House of Hesse was a dynasty which descended from Catholic and Protestant luminaries. Hesse (Hessen in German is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century it was Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Landgraves Philip I, William V, and Maurice married descendants of King George of Bohemia. Philip I of Hesse, ( 13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567) nicknamed der Großmütige (the " Magnanimous " was a leading Maurice (Moritz May 25 1572 &ndash March 15 1632) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel in the Holy George of Kunštát and Poděbrady ( April 23, 1420 - March 22, 1471) also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad From William VI onwards, mothers of the heads of Hesse-Kassel were always descended from William the Silent, the leader of the Dutch to independence on basis of Calvinism. William VI Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel ( 23 May 1629 - 16 July 1663) known as William the Just was Landgrave of William I Prince of Orange ( April 24 1533 — July 10 1584) also widely known as William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger or simply "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel expanded in 1604 when Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, inherited the Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg from his childless uncle, Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg (1537-1604). Maurice (Moritz May 25 1572 &ndash March 15 1632) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel in the Holy The Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg was a German landgraviate, and independent Principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1485

During the Thirty Years' War, Calvinist Hesse-Kassel proved to be Sweden's most loyal German ally. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Landgrave William V and, after his death in 1637, his widow Amelia of Hanau, a granddaughter of William the Silent, as regent supported the Protestant cause and the French and Swedes throughout the war and maintained an army, garrisoning many strongholds, while Hesse-Kassel itself was occupied by Imperial troops. William I Prince of Orange ( April 24 1533 — July 10 1584) also widely known as William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger or simply A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

William V was succeeded by Landgraves William VI and William VII. Under King Frederick I of Sweden the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was in personal union with Sweden from 1730-51. Frederick I (Fredrik I ( 23 April 1676 – 25 March 1751) was King of Sweden from 1720 and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Sweden has for political and dynastic reasons been in union with other kingdoms and princely states ostensibly Personal unions Norway (I and Terra Scania In But in fact the King's younger brother, William VIII, reigned in Kassel until 1760. William VIII ( March 10, 1682 - February 1, 1760) was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1751 until his death

Although it was a fairly widespread practice at the time to rent out troops to other princes, it was the Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel who became infamous for hiring out contingents of their army as mercenaries during the 17th and 18th centuries. Frederick II, notably, hired out his troops called Hessians to his nephew King George III of the United Kingdom, who used them in his attempt to suppress the rebellion of the American colonies during the American Revolution; Frederick used the revenue to finance his opulent lifestyle. Frederick II (Landgrafen Friedrich II von Hessen-Kassel 14 August 1720 &ndash 31 October 1785) was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" One of these regiments that saw service in America was the Musketeer Regiment Prinz Carl. The Musketeer Regiment Prinz Carl was a regiment of Hessian troops that served England during the American Revolution.

During the 17th century, the landgraviate was internally divided for dynastic purposes, without allodial rights, into:

• Landgraviate of Hesse-Rotenburg (1627–1834)
• Landgraviate of Hesse-Wanfried-(Rheinfels) (1649–1755)
• Landgraviate of Hesse-Philippsthal
• Landgraviate of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

These were reunited with the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel when each particular branch died out without issue. Allodial title is a concept in some systems of property law It describes a situation where Real property ( Land, Buildings and Fixtures) is owned Hesse-Rotenburg is a former German landgraviate which was broken up in 1834 The mini-state Hesse-Wanfried was existing from 1667 to 1755 It was a principality ( Landgraviate) of the Holy Roman Empire in the area of the today's Land of Hesse (Hessen in German is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century it was

19th century

Following the reorganization of the German states during the German mediatisation of 1803, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was raised to the Electorate of Hesse and Landgrave William IX was elevated to Imperial Elector, taking the title William I, Elector of Hesse. The German Mediatisation was the series of mediatisations and secularisations that occurred in Germany in 1795 &ndash 1814, during The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl William I Elector of Hesse (Wilhelm I Kurfürst von Hessen June 3 1743 – February 27 1821) was the eldest surviving son of Frederick The principality thus became known as Kurhessen, although still usually referred to as Hesse-Kassel.

In 1806, William I was dispossessed by Napoleon Bonaparte for his support of the Kingdom of Prussia, and Kassel became the capital of a new Kingdom of Westphalia under Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte as king. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Kingdom of Westphalia was a historical state that existed from 1807 - 1813 in parts of present-day Germany. Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte French Prince King of Westphalia, 1st Prince of Montfort ( November 15, 1784 &ndash June 24, 1860 The elector was restored following Napoleon's defeat in 1813, and although the Holy Roman Empire was now defunct, William retained his title of Elector, as it gave him pre-eminence over his cousin, the Grand Duke of Hesse. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. From 1813 onwards, the Electorate of Hesse was an independent country and, after 1815, a member of the German Confederation. The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to

William's grandson, Elector Frederick William, sided with the Austrian Empire in the Austro-Prussian War, and after the Prussian victory his lands were annexed by Prussia in 1866. Frederick William I Elector of Hesse ( August 20 1802 - January 6 1875) was between 1847 and 1866 the last Elector of Hesse-Kassel For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. The Austro-Prussian Along with the annexed Duchy of Nassau and Free City of Frankfurt, Hesse-Kassel became part of the new Province of Hesse-Nassau of the Kingdom of Prussia. Nassau was a German state within the Holy Roman Empire and later in the German Confederation. The Province of Hesse-Nassau (Provinz Hessen-Nassau was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1868-1918 then a province of the Free State of Prussia

20th century

In 1918, Hesse-Nassau became part of the Free State of Prussia until 1944. From 1944-45 as part of Nazi Germany, it was divided into the Prussian provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Province of Kurhessen (Provinz Kurhessen was a province of Prussia within Nazi Germany from 1944-45 The Province of Nassau (Provinz Nassau was a province of Prussia from 1944-1945 From 1945-46, it was renamed Greater Hesse (Großhessen) and was part of the US occupation zone in Germany. Greater Hesse (Groß-Hessen was the provisional name given for a section of German territory created by the US military administration in at the end of World War II. The Allied powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative From 1946 onwards, it was reorganised into the state of Hesse (Bundesland Hesse), in the Federal Republic of Germany'. Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

In 1918, Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, younger brother of the head of the house and a brother-in-law of Emperor William II, was elected by the pro-German Finnish government to be King of Finland, but he never reigned. Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel ( May 1, 1868, Gut Panker &ndash May 28 Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The nation of Finland has never been an enduring independent sovereign Monarchy in the traditional sense of a Nation-state ruled by its own monarch no attempt to

In 1968, the head of the House of Hesse-Kassel became the head of the entire House of Hesse due to the extinction of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. Hesse (Hessen in German is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century it was Hesse (Hessen in German is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century it was

Trivia

The village of Hessen Cassel, Indiana near Fort Wayne, founded by German immigrants, is named for the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. Hessen Cassel is an unincorporated town in Marion Township, Allen County, Indiana. Fort Wayne is a City in northeastern Indiana, United States and the County seat of Allen

Hesse-Kassel maintained 7 percent of its entire population under arms throughout the eighteenth century. This force served as a source of mercenaries for other European states. ^[1]

See also

• List of rulers of Hesse
• List of Swedish monarchs
• List of Finnish monarchs
• Line of succession to the Hesse Throne

References

1. ^ Tilly, Charles "Coercion, Capital, and European States. Hesse (Hessen in German is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century it was This is a list of Swedish Monarchs, that is the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union This is a list of the monarchs of Finland until it became a Republic in 1919; that is the Kings of Sweden with Regents and The Electorate of Hesse was abolished in 1866 when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, while the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine came to end in 1918 "

External links

• Map of Hesse in 1789 - Northern Part
• Map of Hesse in 1789 - Southern Part