- For people named Herring, see Herring (surname). Herring is or was the Family name of the following Aggie Herring (1876&mdash1939 U
| Herring Fossil range: Early Eocene to Present[1] |
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 Atlantic Herring
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Clupea alba |
Herrings are small, oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Pacific, and the Mediterranean. The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. Clupeiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the Herring family Clupeidae, and the Anchovy family Engraulidae. Clupeidae is the family of the Herrings Shads Sardines Hilsa and Menhadens It includes many of the most important Food fishes Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) is one of the most abundant species of Fish on the planet The Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, is a Species of the Herring family associated with the Pacific Ocean environment of North America Oily fish, oil-rich fish or pelagic fish are those Fish which have oils throughout the Fillet and in the belly cavity around the The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions There are 15 species of herring, the most abundant of which is the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) is one of the most abundant species of Fish on the planet Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are caught, salted and smoked in great quantities. The SWARM Remote Weapon System (Stabilised Weapon And Reconnaissance Mount is a fully armored Remote weapon system designed and built by the Thales Group in The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Canned "sardines" (or pilchards) seen in supermarkets may actually be sprats or round herrings. For the hide and seek-like game see Hide and seek. Sardines, or pilchards, are a group of several types of small Oily For the hide and seek-like game see Hide and seek. Sardines, or pilchards, are a group of several types of small Oily Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good See also Sprat (surname, Sprotte Sprattus is a Genus of small Oily fish of the Family Clupeidae
In The Netherlands, herring have played a major role in historical and economic development dating back to the 14th century. Gibbing is the process of preparing salt Herring (or Soused herring) in which the gills and part of the gullet are removed from the fish eliminating any bitter taste
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Morphology
All of the 200 species in the family Clupeidae share similar distinguishing features. Clupeidae is the family of the Herrings Shads Sardines Hilsa and Menhadens It includes many of the most important Food fishes They are silvery colored fish that have a single dorsal fin. A dorsal fin is a Fin located on the backs of some Fishes Whales Dolphins and Porpoises as well as the (extinct Unlike most other fish, they have soft dorsal fins that lack spines, though some species have pointed scales that form a serrated keel. In boats and ships keel can refer to either of two parts a structural element or a hydrodynamic element They have no lateral line and have a protruding lower jaw. In Fish, the lateral line is a Sense organ used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water Their overall size varies from species to species: the Baltic herring is small, usually about 14 to 18 centimeters in length, the Atlantic herring can grow to about 46 cm (18 inches) in length and weigh up to 1. 5 pounds (700 g), and Pacific herring grow to about 38 cm (15 inches). The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass The Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, is a Species of the Herring family associated with the Pacific Ocean environment of North America
Predators
Predators of adult herring include seabirds, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, whales, and humans. Seabirds are Birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. Porpoises are Small Cetaceans of the Family Phocoenidae; they are related to Whales and Dolphins They are distinct from dolphins The true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of Mammals within the seal Suborder, Pinnipedia. For other uses of the term "sea lion" see Sea lion (disambiguation. Whales are marine mammals which are neither Dolphins (ie members of the families Delphinidae or Platanistoidae) nor Porpoises Orcas Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Sharks, dog fish, tuna, cod, salmon, halibut and other large fish also feed on adult herring. Sharks ( Superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of Fish with a full cartilaginous Skeleton and a highly streamlined body The spiny dogfish, spurdog, or piked dogfish, Squalus acanthias, is one of the best known of the Dogfish, members of the family Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Cod is the common name for the Genus Gadus of Fish, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. A halibut is a type of Flatfish Many of these animals also prey on juvenile herring.
Diet
Young herring feed on phytoplankton and as they mature they start to consume larger organisms. Phytoplankton are the Autotrophic component of the Plankton community Adult herring feed on zooplankton, tiny animals that are found in oceanic surface waters, and small fish and fish larvae. Zooplankton are the Heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) type of Plankton. An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. The photic zone or euphotic zone ( Greek 'well lit' is the depth of the water in a Lake or Ocean, that is exposed to sufficient Sunlight Copepods and other tiny crustaceans are the most common zooplankton eaten by herring. Copepods are a group of small Crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat and they constitute the biggest source of protein in the oceans Structure of crustaceans As Arthropods crustaceans have a stiff Exoskeleton, which must be shed to allow the animal to grow ( Ecdysis or molting During daylight herring stay in the safety of deep water, feeding at the surface only at night when there is less chance of predation. Daylight or the light of day is the combination of all direct and indirect Sunlight outdoors during the daytime (and perhaps Twilight) They swim along with their mouths open, filtering the plankton from the water as it passes through their gills. Plankton consist of any drifting Organisms ( Animals Plants Archaea, or Bacteria) that inhabit the Pelagic zone of
See Atlantic herring for videos of feeding juvenile herring, catching copepods. Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) is one of the most abundant species of Fish on the planet Copepods are a group of small Crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat and they constitute the biggest source of protein in the oceans
Economy
Herring are an important economic fish. Commercial fishing, also known as industrial fishing, is the activity of capturing Fish and other Seafood for commercial Profit, mostly The anchovies are a family ( Engraulidae) of small common salt-water fish Catfish ( order Siluriformes) are a very diverse group of bony Fish. Cod is the common name for the Genus Gadus of Fish, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 The Eel is a long thin bony fish of the order Anguilliformes. A halibut is a type of Flatfish Herring are small Oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of Fish, mostly but not exclusively from the family Scombridae. Pollock (or pollack, pronounced the same and listed first in most UK and US dictionaries is the common name used for either of the two Species of marine Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. For the hide and seek-like game see Hide and seek. Sardines, or pilchards, are a group of several types of small Oily The soles are Flatfishes of various families Generally speaking they are the members of the family Soleidae, but outside Europe, the name 'sole' is also Sturgeon is the Common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genera Acipenser, The white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus, meaning "sturgeon beyond the mountains" also known as the Pacific sturgeon, Oregon sturgeon Tilapia (təˌlɑpiə is the common name for nearly a hundred Species of Cichlid Fishes from the Tilapiine cichlid tribe The Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides is a fish found Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Turbot ( family Scophthalmidae order Pleuronectiformes) are Flatfish native to marine or Brackish waters of the North This article is concerned with whitebait as the juvenile of various species of fish around the world for other uses of the term see Whitebait (disambiguation. The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking culturing processing preserving storing transporting marketing or selling fish or fish products For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing. Adult fish are harvested for their meat and eggs. In Southeast Alaska herring is sold as baitfish. The Alaska Panhandle, sometimes referred to as Southeast Alaska, is the southeastern portion of the U Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Bait fish are small fish caught for use as bait to attract large predatory fish particularly Game fish. Environmental Defense suggests Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) as one of the more environmentally responsible fish available. Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) is one of the most abundant species of Fish on the planet [1]
Cuisine
Herring has been a known staple food source since 3000 B. A staple food is a Food that forms the basis of a Traditional diet. C. There are numerous ways the fish is served and many regional recipes: eaten raw, fermented, pickled, or cured by other techniques. Pickling, also known as brining or corning, is the process of preserving Food by Anaerobic fermentation in Brine (a solution The fish was sometimes known as "two-eyed steak".
Nutrition
Herring are very high in healthy long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids[2], EPA and DHA. n −3 fatty acids (popularly referred to as ω−3 fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated Fatty acids that Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA or also icosapentaenoic acid is an Omega-3 fatty acid. Docosahexaenoic acid (commonly known as DHA; 226(ω-3 all-cis -docosa-4710131619-hexa- enoic acid Trivial name cervonic They are a source of vitamin D.
Large Baltic herring slightly exceeds recommended limits with respect to PCB and dioxin. Not to be confused with Dioxane or Digoxin. Dioxin is a heterocyclic, organic, antiaromatic compound Nevertheless, the health benefits from the fatty acids are more important than the theoretical risk from dioxin; their cancer-reducing effect is statistically stronger than the cancer-causing effect of PCB's and dioxins. [3] The contaminant levels depend on the age of the fish which can be inferred from their size. Baltic herrings larger than 17 cm may be eaten twice a month, while herrings smaller than 17 cm can be eaten freely. [4]
Pickled herring
Pickled herring is a delicacy popular in Europe and has become a basic part of Jewish cuisine. Jewish cuisine is a collection of international Cookery traditions linked by Jewish Dietary laws ( Kashrus) and Jewish holiday traditions Most cured herring uses a two-step curing process. Initially, herring is cured with salt to extract water. The second stage involves removing the salt and adding flavorings, typically a vinegar, salt, sugar solution to which ingredients like peppercorn, bay leaves and raw onions are added.
In Scandinavia, once the pickling process is finished and depending on which of the dozens of classic herring flavorings are selected, it is usually enjoyed with dark rye bread, crisp bread, or potatoes. This dish is a must at Christmas and Midsummer, where it is enjoyed with akvavit. Midsummer may simply refer to the period of time centered upon the summer solstice, but more often refers to specific European celebrations that accompany the actual solstice Akvavit, also known as aquavit or akevitt, is a Scandinavian Distilled beverage of approximately 40% alcohol by volume
In Iceland, a blald is a young pickled herring given to a child as a special holiday treat.
In the Middle Ages the Dutch developed a special treat known in English as soused herring. The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. The term soused herring usually refers to a cooked Herring in a mild vinegar Marinade.
Pickled herrings are also common in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, perhaps best known for forshmak salad known in English simply as "chopped herring". Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing
Pickled herring can also be found in the cuisine of Hokkaidō in Japan, where families traditionally preserved large quantities for winter. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan 's For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Rollmops
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For more details on this topic, see Rollmops. The word rollmops refers to a pickled Herring fillet rolled (hence the name into a cylindrical shape around a piece of pickled Gherkin
The word Rollmops, borrowed from German, refers to a pickled herring fillet rolled (hence the name) into a cylindrical shape around a piece of pickled cucumber or an onion. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Pickling, also known as brining or corning, is the process of preserving Food by Anaerobic fermentation in Brine (a solution This article refers to the cut of meat For other uses see Fillet. A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes the Surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given Straight line, the axis The cucumber ( Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the Gourd family Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, and in the same Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan
Fermented
In Sweden, Baltic herring is fermented to make surströmming. Surströmming ("soured (Baltic herring" is a northern Swedish delicacy consisting of fermented Baltic Herring.
Raw
A typical Dutch delicacy is raw herring (Hollandse Nieuwe). Roe or hard roe is the fully ripe internal ovaries or egg masses of Fish and certain marine Animals such as Shrimp, Scallop In Japanese cuisine, is Vinegared Rice, usually topped with other ingredients including fish various meats and vegetables This is typically eaten with raw onions. Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan Hollandse nieuwe is only available in spring when the first seasonal catch of herring is brought in. This is celebrated in festivals such as the Vlaardingen Herring Festival. A festival is an event usually and ordinarily staged by a local community which centers on some unique aspect of that community Vlaardingen ( is a town in South Holland in the Netherlands. It is located on the north bank of the Nieuwe Maas / Nieuwe Waterweg river The new herring are frozen and enzyme-preserved for the remainder of the year.
Herring is also canned and exported by many countries. Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food is processed and sealed in an airtight container A sild is an immature herring that are canned as sardines in Iceland, Sweden, Norway or Denmark. For the hide and seek-like game see Hide and seek. Sardines, or pilchards, are a group of several types of small Oily Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe
Very young herring are called whitebait and are eaten whole as a delicacy. This article is concerned with whitebait as the juvenile of various species of fish around the world for other uses of the term see Whitebait (disambiguation.
Other means
A kipper is a split and smoked herring, a bloater is a whole smoked herring, and a buckling is a hot smoked herring with the guts removed. A kipper is a whole Herring that has been split from tail to head gutted salted and Cold smoked. The bloater ( Coregonus hoyi) is a Freshwater Fish native to the Great Lakes. A buckling is a form of hot-smoked Herring similar to the Kipper and the Bloater. All are staples of British cuisine. British cuisine is the specific set of cooking traditions and practices associated with the United Kingdom. According to George Orwell in The Road to Wigan Pier, the Emperor Charles V erected a statue to the inventor of bloaters. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer The Road to Wigan Pier was written by George Orwell and published in 1937. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was
In Scandinavia, herring soup is also a traditional dish. According to the 1881 Household Cyclopedia herring soup is a thick mix of Water, Barley - Meal and red herring
In Southeast Alaska, western hemlock boughs are cut and placed in the ocean before the herring arrive to spawn. The Alaska Panhandle, sometimes referred to as Southeast Alaska, is the southeastern portion of the U Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Tsuga heterophylla ( Western Hemlock) is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the The fertilized herring eggs stick to the boughs, and are easily collected. For soil improvement see Fertilization (soil. After being boiled briefly the eggs are removed from the bough. Herring eggs collected in this way are eaten plain or in herring egg salad. Salad is a mixture of cold foods usually including vegetables and/or fruits often with a dressing occasionally nuts or Croutons, and sometimes with the addition of This method of collection is part of Tlingit tradition. Not to be confused with the Turkic Telengit people The Tlingit (ˈklɪŋkɪt in English also /-gɪt/ or Tlinkit /ˈtlɪŋkɪt/ which
Herring in popular culture
Figuratively, a red herring is a false lead in a mystery. In Literature, a red herring is a narrative element intended to distract the reader from a more important event in the plot usually a Twist ending. In this context, red means smoked, and a smoked herring has such a strong smell that it can be used to create a false scent that causes hunting dogs to lose a track. Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order
Herrings are focus of many jokes as a result of a scene in Monty Python and the Holy Grail, where the Knights who say Ni ask King Arthur to "cut down the mightiest tree in the forest with . Monty Python and the Holy Grail is a 1975 film written and performed by the comedy group Monty Python ( Graham Chapman, John Cleese The Knights Who Say Ni! are a band of Knights from the Comedy Film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, feared for the manner in which . . a herring".
In the Linux game Planet Penguin Racer, you play as the Linux mascot "Tux" (A penguin). Tux Racer is a free 3D computer game starring the Linux Mascot, Tux the Penguin. The goal is to slide down a course of snow and ice collecting herring.
Ula from The Producers eats "many different herrings" as part of a Swedish breakfast.
In a recent stand-up comedy performance, Eddie Izzard discussed surströmming with some Swedes who happened to be in the audience, while reading from a live copy of Wikipedia's article on herring (accessed via an iPhone). Stand-up comedy is a style of comedy where the performer speaks directly to the audience with the absence of the theatrical " Fourth wall " Edward John "Eddie" Izzard (born February 7, 1962) is a British stand-up comedian and Dramatic Actor. Surströmming ("soured (Baltic herring" is a northern Swedish delicacy consisting of fermented Baltic Herring. ***************************************************************************************** * * The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc
In the 1959 movie Some Like it Hot, the character "Joe" (Tony Curtis), masquerading as "Junior", describes a large fish trophy as "a member of the herring family". Some Like It Hot is a 1959 Comedy film directed by Billy Wilder and starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Tony Curtis (born Bernard Schwartz June 3, 1925) is an American film actor "Sugar" (Marilyn Monroe) ponders "how they get those big fish into those little glass jars. Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson, June 1 1926 &ndash August 5 1962 baptized Norma " Joe replies, "They shrink when they're marinated. "
Smoked herring is especially a traditional meal on the Danish island in the Baltic Sea, Bornholm.
In Gogol Bordello's song "American Wedding" refers to the fish. "Have you ever been to American Wedding? Where is the Vodka, where is marinated herring?
In the 1975 Woody Allen comedy Love and Death, one of the main characters, Sonja (Diane Keaton) is at one point married to Leon Voskovec (Sol L. Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1 1935 is an American Film director, Writer, Actor, Comedian, and Love and Death is a 1975 comedy by Woody Allen. Starring Woody Allen and Diane Keaton, Love and Death is a satirical take Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall on January 5 1946 is an Oscar -winning American film Actress, director and producer Frieder), who is in fact a herring merchant.
See also
- Underwater video (looping) of a school of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus on its migration to their spawning grounds in the Baltic Sea. Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) is one of the most abundant species of Fish on the planet The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude.
- Soused herring
References
- ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). The term soused herring usually refers to a cooked Herring in a mild vinegar Marinade. "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p. 560.
- ^ Cardiovascular Benefits Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reviewed
- ^ Risks and benefits are clarified by food risk assessment - Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira
- ^ Dietary advice on fish consumption - Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira
- "Clupea". FishBase. FishBase is a comprehensive Database of information about Fish. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2006 version. N. p. : FishBase, 2006.
- O'Clair, Rita M. and O'Clair, Charles E. , "Pacific herring," Southeast Alaska's Rocky Shores: Animals. pg. 343-346. Plant Press: Auke Bay, Alaska (1998). ISBN 0-9664245-0-6
External links
- Guide to Responsible Sourcing of Herring - produced by Seafish http://www.seafish.org/upload/b2b/file/fact_sheets/Herring%20Factsheet2%20A4s.pdf
- clupea.net
- Herring "communicate" by flatulence from newscientist. com
- Atlantic Herring from the Gulf of Maine Research Institute
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