Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Fictional, undated portrayal of Herod the Great.
Fictional, undated portrayal of Herod the Great.

Herod (Hebrew: הוֹרְדוֹס‎ Horodos, Greek: ἡρῴδης Herōdes), also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (73 BC – 4 BC in Jericho), was a Roman client king of Judaea. Koine Greek (Κοινὴ Ἑλληνική, "common Greek" or, ciˈni ðiˈale̞kto̞s "the common dialect" is the popular form of Greek which emerged in Jericho ( Arabic, ʼArīḥā; Hebrew, Standard Yəriḥo Tiberian Yərîḫô The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Client state is one of several terms used to describe the subordination of one state to a more powerful state in international affairs Kingdom of Judea redirects here For the 10th-6th century BCE kingdom see Kingdom of Judah Iudaea ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard [1] Herod is known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple. The Second Temple (בית המקדש romanized 'Beit HaMikdash' meaning 'Holy House' was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Some details of his biography can be gleaned from the works of the 1st century AD Roman-Jewish historian Josephus Flavius. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus

In Christian scripture, Herod is known for the Massacre of the Innocents, described in Chapter 2 of the Gospel according to Matthew. For the painting by Peter Paul Rubens see " Massacre of the Innocents (Rubens " The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel [2]

Contents

Biography

Copper coin of Herod, bearing the legend "Basileus Herodon" on the obverse and a Macedonian sun-symbol on the reverse.
Copper coin of Herod, bearing the legend "Basileus Herodon" on the obverse and a Macedonian sun-symbol on the reverse. "Basilissa" redirects here For the saint of this name see Julian and Basilissa. Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Interpretations of the symbol The significance of the Vergina Sun is unclear

Herod the Great was born around 73 BC. Year 73 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place British Isles Traditional date that Lud became King He was the second son of Antipater the Idumaean, a high-ranked official under Ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean. Antipater the Idumaean (d 43 BC was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. Hyrcanus II, a member of the Hasmonean dynasty was the Jewish High Priest and King of Judea in the 1st century BCE Antipater the Idumaean (d 43 BC was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. The Nabataeans ( Arabic: الأنباط, Al-Anbāṭ) were an ancient Semitic people Arabs of southern Jordan, Canaan [3] A loyal supporter of Hyrcanus II, Antipater appointed Herod governor of Galilee at 25, and his older brother, Phasael, governor of Jerusalem. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, Phasael (died 40 BC ( Latin: Phasaelus; from, Phasaelos) was a prince from the Herodian Dynasty of Judea. He enjoyed the backing of Rome but his excessive brutality was condemned by the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin (סנהדרין συνέδριον ''synedrion'', "sitting together" hence " assembly " or "council" was an assembly

In 43 BC, following the chaos caused by Antipater offering financial support to Caesar's murderers, Antipater was poisoned. Herod, backed by the Roman Army, executed his father's murderer. Afterwards, Antigonus, Hyrcanus' nephew, tried to take the throne from his uncle. Antigonus the Hasmonean was the son of King Aristobulus II of Judea. Herod defeated him and then married his teenage niece, Mariamne (known as Mariamne I), which helped to secure him a claim to the throne and gain some Jewish favor. Mariamne I (48 BCE to 29 BCE was the second wife of Herod the Great. However, Herod already had a wife, Doris, and a three-year-old son, Antipater III, and chose to banish Doris and her child. See Antipater (disambiguation for other people of this name Antipater (ca

In 42 BC, he convinced Mark Antony and Octavian that his father had been forced to help Caesar's murderers. Marcus Antonius (in Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N ( c January 14 83 BC&ndash August 1, 30 BC known in English as Mark Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Herod was then named tetrarch of Galilee by the Romans. However, many of the Jews were very upset by this since most Jews did not consider Herod to be a true Jew. The Idumaean family, successors to the Edomites of the Hebrew Bible, settled in Idumea, formerly known as Edom, in southern Judea. The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written in Biblical Hebrew (and the related Biblical Aramaic Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised When the Maccabean John Hyrcanus conquered Idumea in 140–130 BC, he required all Idumaeans to obey Jewish law or to leave; most Idumaeans thus converted to Judaism. The Maccabees ( Hebrew: מכבים or מקבים, Makabim or Maqabim; Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, /makav'εï/ were John Hyrcanus ( Yohanan Girhan) (reigned 134 BCE - 104 BCE died 104 BCE was a Hasmonean ( Maccabeean Leader of the 2nd century BC Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut While King Herod publicly identified himself as a Jew and was considered as such by some,[4] this religious identification notwithstanding was undermined by the Hellenistic cultural affinity of the Herodians, which would have earned them the antipathy of observant Jews. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. The Herodians were a Sect or party mentioned in the New Testament as having on two occasions--once in Galilee, and again in Jerusalem --manifested [5]

In 40 BC Antigonus tried to take the throne again with the help of the Parthians, this time succeeding. Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran Herod fled to Rome to plead with the Romans to restore him to power. There he was elected "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate. The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. [6] In 37 BC the Romans fully secured Judea and executed Antigonus. Herod took the role as sole ruler of Judea and took the title of basileus (Gr. "Basilissa" redirects here For the saint of this name see Julian and Basilissa. Βασιλευς) for himself, ushering in the Herodian Dynasty and ending the Hasmonean Dynasty. The Herodian Dynasty was a Jewish Dynasty of Idumean descent who ruled Iudaea Province between 37 BC - AD 92 The Hasmoneans (/hæzməˡniən/ חשמונאים Hashmonaiym, Audio were the ruling dynasty of the Hasmonean Kingdom ( 140 &ndash 37 BCE He ruled for 34 years.

Model of Herod's Temple
Model of Herod's Temple

Achievements

Herod's most famous and ambitious project was the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Second Temple (בית המקדש romanized 'Beit HaMikdash' meaning 'Holy House' was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE

In the eighteenth year of his reign (20–19 BC), Herod rebuilt the Temple on "a more magnificent scale". [7] The new Temple was finished in a year and a half, although work on out-buildings and courts continued another eighty years. [7] To comply with religious law, Herod employed 1,000 priests as masons and carpenters in the rebuilding. [7] The finished temple, which was destroyed in 70 AD, is sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple. Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King The Wailing Wall or Western Wall which now stands in Jerusalem is the wall which Herod built around the west side of the courtyard surrounding the Temple.

Some of Herod's other achievements include the development of water supplies for Jerusalem, building fortresses such as Masada and Herodium, and founding new cities such as Caesarea Maritima. Masada ( Hebrew מצדה pronounced Metzada, from מצודה metzuda, "fortress" is the name for a site of ancient Palaces and Herodium or Herodion (הרודיון هيروديون Jabal al-Fraidees) is a hill shaped like a truncated cone (758 m / 2487 ft above Caesarea Maritima (Greek παράλιος Καισάρεια called Caesarea Palaestina from 133 CE onwards was a city and Harbor built by Herod the Great He and Cleopatra owned a monopoly over the extraction of asphalt from the Dead Sea, which was used in ship building. Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt He leased copper mines on Cyprus from the Roman emperor. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía

Discovery of quarry

On September 25, 2007, Yuval Baruch, archaeologist with the Israeli Antiquities Authority announced their discovery of a quarry compound which provided King Herod with the stones to renovate the second Temple. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA העתיקות (before 1990, the Israel Department of Antiquities) is an independent Israeli governmental authority A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or Minerals are extracted The Second Temple (בית המקדש romanized 'Beit HaMikdash' meaning 'Holy House' was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE It houses the Temple Mount. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram Coins, pottery and iron stake found proved the date of the quarrying to be about 19 BC. Archaeologist Ehud Netzer confirmed that the large outlines of the stone cuts is evidence that it was a massive public project worked on by hundreds of slaves. [8]

New Testament references

Main article: Massacre of the Innocents

Herod the Great appears in The Gospel according to Matthew (Ch. For the painting by Peter Paul Rubens see " Massacre of the Innocents (Rubens " The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel 2), which describes an event known as the Massacre of the Innocents. For the painting by Peter Paul Rubens see " Massacre of the Innocents (Rubens "

According to Matthew's gospel, shortly after the birth of Jesus, Magi from the East visited Herod to inquire the whereabouts of "the one having been born king of the Jews", because they had seen his star in the east and therefore wanted to pay him homage. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) The Magi (singular Magus, from Latin via Greek μάγος; Old English: Mage; from Persian maguš and Kurdish Herod, who was himself King of Judea, was alarmed at the prospect of the newborn king usurping his rule.

In the story, Herod was advised by the assembled chief priests and scribes of the people that the Prophet had written that the "Anointed One" (Greek: ho christos) was to be born in Bethlehem of Judea. Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a Herod therefore sent the Magi to Bethlehem, instructing them to search for the child and, after they had found him, to "report to me, so that I too may go and worship him". However, after they had found Jesus, the Magi were warned in a dream not to report back to Herod. Similarly, Joseph was warned in a dream that Herod intended to kill Jesus, so he and his family fled to Egypt. Joseph "of the House of David " ( Hebrew יוֹסֵף also known as Saint Joseph, Joseph the Betrothed, Joseph of Nazareth When Herod realized he had been outwitted by the Magi, he gave orders to kill all boys of the age of two and under in Bethlehem and its vicinity. Joseph and his family stayed in Egypt until Herod's death, then moved to Nazareth in Galilee in order to avoid living under Herod's son Archelaus. Nazareth (ˈnæzərəθ (נָצְרַת Hebrew Natz'rat or Natzeret, الناصرة an-Nāṣira or an-Naseriyye) is the capital and largest

The historical accuracy of this event has been questioned, since although Herod was certainly guilty of many brutal acts, including the killing of his wife and two of his sons, no other source from the period makes any reference to such a massacre. For the painting by Peter Paul Rubens see " Massacre of the Innocents (Rubens " [9]

Death

Coin of Herod the Great, bearing a temple and star of david
Coin of Herod the Great, bearing a temple and star of david

The scholarly consensus, based on Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews is that Herod died at the end of March or early April in 4 BC. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews ( Antiquitates Judaicae in Latin) was a work published by the important Jewish historian Flavius Josephus about the Josephus wrote that Herod died 37 years after being named as King by the Romans, and 34 years after the death of Antigonus. [10] This would imply that he died in 4 BC. This is confirmed by the fact that his three sons, between whom his kingdom was divided, dated their rule from 4 BC. For instance, he states that Herod Philip II's death took place after a 37-year reign in the 20th year of Tiberius, which would imply that he took over on Herod's death in 4 BC. Not to be confused with Herod Philip I. Herod Philip II, or Philip the Tetrarch, was son of Herod the Great Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman [11] In addition, Josephus wrote that Herod died after a lunar eclipse,[12] and a partial eclipse[13] took place in 4 BC. A lunar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon passes through some portion of the Earth's shadow It has been suggested that 5 BC might be a more likely date[14] — there were two total eclipses in that year. [15][16] However, the 4 B. C. date is almost universally accepted. [17]

Josephus wrote that Herod's final illness was excruciating (Ant. 17.6.5). From Josephus' descriptions, some medical experts propose that Herod had chronic kidney disease complicated by Fournier's gangrene. The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles Fournier gangrene is a type of necrotizing Infection ( Gangrene) usually affecting the male Genitals It is a type of Necrotizing fasciitis [18] Modern scholars agree he suffered throughout his lifetime from depression and paranoia. [19]

After Herod's death, his kingdom was divided among three of his sons, namely Herod Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Herod Philip II, who ruled as tetrarchs rather than kings. Herod Archelaus (23 BC – c 18 AD was the Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Edom from 4 BC to 6 AD Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title Not to be confused with Herod Philip I. Herod Philip II, or Philip the Tetrarch, was son of Herod the Great The Tetrarchy of Judea was formed following the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC, when his kingdom was divided between his sons as an inheritance

Tomb discovery

Aerial photo of Herodium from the southwest
Aerial photo of Herodium from the southwest

The location of Herod's tomb is documented by Roman historian Flavius Josephus, who writes, "And the body was carried two hundred furlongs, to Herodium, where he had given order to be buried. Herodium or Herodion (הרודיון هيروديون Jabal al-Fraidees) is a hill shaped like a truncated cone (758 m / 2487 ft above Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus "[20]

Flavius Josephus provides more clues about Herod's tomb which he calls Herod's monuments:

So they threw down all the hedges and walls which the inhabitants had made about their gardens and groves of trees, and cut down all the fruit trees that lay between them and the wall of the city, and filled up all the hollow places and the chasms, and demolished the rocky precipices with iron instruments; and thereby made all the place level from Scopus to Herod's monuments, which adjoined to the pool called the Serpent's Pool. [21]

Ehud Netzer, an archaeologist from Hebrew University, read the writings of Josephus and focused his search on the vicinity of the pool and its surroundings at the Winter Palace of Herod in the Judean desert. Ehud Netzer (אהוד נצר (born 1934 is an Israeli archaeologist and Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Archeology at the Hebrew The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים الجامعة العبرية في القدس abbreviated HUJI) is An article of the New York Times states,

Lower Herodium consists of the remains of a large palace, a race track, service quarters, and a monumental building whose function is still a mystery. Perhaps, says Ehud Netzer, who excavated the site, it is Herod's mausoleum. Next to it is a pool, almost twice as large as modern Olympic-size pools. [22]

It took 35 years for Netzer to identify the exact location, but on May 7, 2007, an Israeli team of archaeologists of the Hebrew University led by Netzer, announced they had discovered the tomb. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים الجامعة العبرية في القدس abbreviated HUJI) is [23][24][25][26][27] The site is located at the exact location given by Flavius Josephus, atop of tunnels and water pools, at a flattened desert site, halfway up the hill to Herodium, 12 kilometers (7. Herodium or Herodion (הרודיון هيروديون Jabal al-Fraidees) is a hill shaped like a truncated cone (758 m / 2487 ft above 5 mi) south of Jerusalem. [28]

Chronology

30s BC

The taking of Jerusalem by Herod the Great, 36 BC, by Jean Fouquet, late 15th century.
The taking of Jerusalem by Herod the Great, 36 BC, by Jean Fouquet, late 15th century. Jean Fouquet or Jehan Fouquet (1420 - 1481 was the most important French painter of the 15th century a master of both panel painting and manuscript
Judaea under Herod the Great.
Judaea under Herod the Great.

20s BC

10s BC

0s BC

Marriages and children

Herod's marriages and children
Wife Children
Doris
Mariamne I, daughter of Hasmonean Alexandros
  • Son Alexander, executed 7 BC
  • Son Aristobulus IV, executed 7 BC
  • Daughter Salampsio
  • Daughter Cypros
Mariamne II, daughter of High-Priest Simon
Malthace
Cleopatra of Jerusalem
Pallas
  • Son Phasael
Phaidra
  • Daughter Roxane
Elpis
A cousin (name unknown)
  • no known children
A niece (name unknown)
  • no known children

It is very probable that Herod had more children, especially with the last wives, and also that he had more daughters, as female births at that time were often not recorded. See Antipater (disambiguation for other people of this name Antipater (ca Mariamne I (48 BCE to 29 BCE was the second wife of Herod the Great. Aristobulus IV (31 BCE-7 BCE was a prince of Judea from the Herodian dynasty, and was married to his cousin Berenice, daughter of Costobar and Salome Mariamne II was the third wife of Herod the Great. She was the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest. Kohen Gadol or Kohen ha-Gadol ( Heb כהן גדול "Great Priest" is the title of High Priest of early Israelite The Boethusians were a Jewish sect closely related to if not a development of the Sadducees. Herod Philip I (ca 27 BC - 33 AD was the son of Herod the Great and Mariamne II, the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest (Mark 617 Malthace was a Samaritan woman who lived in the latter half of the first century BCE Herod Archelaus (23 BC – c 18 AD was the Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Edom from 4 BC to 6 AD Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title Not to be confused with Herod Philip I. Herod Philip II, or Philip the Tetrarch, was son of Herod the Great Salome is the daughter of Herod the Great (Herod I and his wife Elpis.

Family trees

Marriages and descendants

Herod the Great + Doris
                |
            Antipater
             d. See Antipater (disambiguation for other people of this name Antipater (ca  4 BC?


Herod the Great + Mariamne I, d. Mariamne I (48 BCE to 29 BCE was the second wife of Herod the Great.  29 BC?, dt.  of Alexandros. 
                |
       —————————————————————————————————————————————
      |          |          |                       |
 Aristobulus   Alexander   Salampsio + Phasael     Cypros
  d. Aristobulus IV (31 BCE-7 BCE was a prince of Judea from the Herodian dynasty, and was married to his cousin Berenice, daughter of Costobar and Salome  7 BC?     d.  7 BC?                |             m.  Antipater(2)
 m.  Berenice                       Cypros
      |
     ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
    |                |              |                |               |
Mariamne III      Herod III      Herodias     Herod Agrippa    Aristobulus V
m. Berenice was the daughter of Salome I, sister of Herod the Great. Mariamne III was a daughter of Aristobulus IV and Berenice. She had three brothers Herod III, king of Chalkis, Herod Agrippa, king Herod of Chalcis (d 48 AD was a son of Aristobulus IV, and the grandson of Herod the Great, Roman Client king of Judaea. Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty. For other with this name see Agrippa (disambiguation. Agrippa I also called the Great (10 BC - 44 AD) King of the Jews,  her uncle   King of Chalcis      +         King of Judea
   Archelaus ?          m. Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis ( Greek, Modern Χαλκίδα xal'ciða Ancient/ Katharevousa: -ίς Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised Herod Archelaus (23 BC – c 18 AD was the Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Edom from 4 BC to 6 AD  1.  Herod II Boethus               
                                her uncle
                           2.  Herod Philip I
                                her uncle
                           3. Herod Philip I (ca 27 BC - 33 AD was the son of Herod the Great and Mariamne II, the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest (Mark 617  Herod Antipas
                                her uncle


Herod the Great + Mariamne II, dt. Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title Mariamne II was the third wife of Herod the Great. She was the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest.  of Simon the High-Priest. Kohen Gadol or Kohen ha-Gadol ( Heb כהן גדול "Great Priest" is the title of High Priest of early Israelite 
                |
       —————————————————
      |                 |
   Herod II      Herod Philip I
   Boethus


Herod the Great + Malthace (a Samaritan)
                |
    ————————————————————————————————————————————————
   |                                   |            |
 Herod Antipas                     Archelaus    Olympias
   b. Herod Philip I (ca 27 BC - 33 AD was the son of Herod the Great and Mariamne II, the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest (Mark 617 Malthace was a Samaritan woman who lived in the latter half of the first century BCE Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title Herod Archelaus (23 BC – c 18 AD was the Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Edom from 4 BC to 6 AD  20 BC?
   + Phasaelis,
   dt.  of Aretas IV, king of Arabia
 "divorced" to marry:
   + Herodias,
   dt. Aretas IV Philopatris was the King of the Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to AD 40 The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty.  of Aristobulus (son of Herod the Great)


Herod the Great + Cleopatra of Jerusalem
                |
       Philip the Tetrarch
             d. Aristobulus IV (31 BCE-7 BCE was a prince of Judea from the Herodian dynasty, and was married to his cousin Berenice, daughter of Costobar and Salome Not to be confused with Herod Philip I. Herod Philip II, or Philip the Tetrarch, was son of Herod the Great   AD 34
Notes.

Ancestors

Antipater the Idumaean + Cypros, Arab princess from Petra, Jordan in Nabatea. Antipater the Idumaean (d 43 BC was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. Antipater the Idumaean (d 43 BC was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. Petra (from "petra" rock in Greek; Arabic: البتراء Al-Batrāʾ) is an archaeological site in the Arabah  The Nabataeans ( Arabic: الأنباط, Al-Anbāṭ) were an ancient Semitic people Arabs of southern Jordan, Canaan 
                       |
    —————————————————————————————————————————————
   |              |            |        |        |
Phasael    Herod the Great  Joseph  Pheroras  Salome I
          (74-4 BC)
Legend
Sign & Meaning
+ = married
| = descended from
. Phasael (died 40 BC ( Latin: Phasaelus; from, Phasaelos) was a prince from the Herodian Dynasty of Judea. See Salome (disambiguation for other holders of this name including Salome, John the Baptist's nemesis . /——— = sibling
dt. = daughter
b. = born
d. = died
m. = was married to
 ? = not included here or unknown 
Alexandros + Alexandra
           |
      ———————————————————————————————————
     |                                   |
Aristobulus III of Judea            Mariamne, dt. Aristobulus III of Judea (b 53 BC - d 36 BC was the last scion of the Hasmonean royal house brother of Herod the Great 's wife Mariamne, and paternal Mariamne I (48 BCE to 29 BCE was the second wife of Herod the Great. 
(d.  35 BC)                              m.  Herod the Great
(last Hasmonean scion;
appointed high priest; drowned)

Herod in later culture

Main article: Cultural depictions of Herod the Great

References

  1. ^ Herod. The Hasmoneans (/hæzməˡniən/ חשמונאים Hashmonaiym, Audio were the ruling dynasty of the Hasmonean Kingdom ( 140 &ndash 37 BCE This page lists cultural depictions of Herod the Great, grouped by order and arranged by date Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.  “born 73 BC died March/April, 4 BC, Jericho, Judaea byname Herod the Great, Latin Herodes Magnus Roman-appointed king of Judaea . . . his father, Antipater, was an Edomite (an Arab from the region between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba)”
  2. ^ MATTHEW 2:16 "When Herod realized that he had been outwitted by the Magi, he was furious, and he gave orders to kill all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under, in accordance with the time he had learned from the Magi. The Magi (singular Magus, from Latin via Greek μάγος; Old English: Mage; from Persian maguš and Kurdish Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a " HOLY BIBLE New International Version (Eng. Bible-NIV095-00301 ABS-1986-20,000-Z-1)
  3. ^ "Herod I". Encyclopaedia Judaica. The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language Encyclopedia of the Jewish people and their faith Judaism. (CD-ROM Edition Version 1. 0). Ed. Cecil Roth. Cecil Roth, ( London, 1899–1970 was a British Jewish Historian and educator Keter Publishing House. ISBN 965-07-0665-8
  4. ^ Flavius Josephus, The Jewish War, Book 2, Chapter 13, "There was also another disturbance at Caesarea, - those Jews who were mixed with the Syrians that lived there rising a tumult against them. The Jews pretended that the city was theirs, and said that he who built it was a Jew, meaning King Herod. The Syrians confessed also that its builder was a Jew; but they still said, however, that the city was a Grecian city; for that he who set up statues and temples in it could not design it for Jews. "
  5. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Herod I: Opposition of the Pious: "All the worldly pomp and splendor which made Herod popular among the pagans, however, rendered him abhorrent to the Jews, who could not forgive him for insulting their religious feelings by forcing upon them heathen games and combats with wild animals …"
  6. ^ Jewish War 1. 14. 4: Mark Antony " …then resolved to get him made king of the Jews… told them that it was for their advantage in the Parthian war that Herod should be king; so they all gave their votes for it. Marcus Antonius (in Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N ( c January 14 83 BC&ndash August 1, 30 BC known in English as Mark And when the senate was separated, Antony and Caesar went out, with Herod between them; while the consul and the rest of the magistrates went before them, in order to offer sacrifices [to the Roman gods], and to lay the decree in the Capitol. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Antony also made a feast for Herod on the first day of his reign;"
  7. ^ a b c Temple of Herod, Jewish Encyclopedia
  8. ^ Yahoo.com, Report: Herod's Temple quarry found
  9. ^ E. P. Sanders, The Historical Figure of Jesus, pp. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. Ed Parish Sanders (born 18 April 1937) is a New Testament Scholar, and is one of the principal proponents of the New Perspective on Paul 87-88.
  10. ^ Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, Book 17, Chapter 8
  11. ^ Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, Book 18, Chapter 4
  12. ^ (Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 17. 167)
  13. ^ NASA catalog, only 37 % of the moon was in shadow
  14. ^ Timothy David Barnes, “The Date of Herod’s Death,” Journal of Theological Studies ns 19 (1968), 204-19
  15. ^ http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LE-0099-0000.html NASA lunar eclipse catalog
  16. ^ W. E. Filmer, “Chronology of the Reign of Herod the Great,” Journal of Theological Studies ns 17 (1966), 283-98
  17. ^ P. M. Bernegger, “Affirmation of Herod’s Death in 4 B. C. ,” Journal of Theological Studies ns 34 (1983), 526-31.
  18. ^ CNN Archives, 2002
  19. ^ http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876330.htm
  20. ^ Flavius Josephus. The Wars of the Jews or History of the Destruction of Jerusalem. Book V. Chapter 33. 1
  21. ^ Flavius Josephus. The Wars of the Jews or History of the Destruction of Jerusalem. Book V. Chapter 3. 2
  22. ^ Nitza Rosovsky. Discovering Herod's Israel. The New York Times. April 24, 1983
  23. ^ Hebrew University: Herod's tomb and grave found at Herodium http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/856784.html
  24. ^ "Israeli Archaeologist Finds Tomb of King Herod", FOX News, 7 May 2007
  25. ^ "King Herod's tomb unearthed, Israeli university claims", CNN, 7 May 2007
  26. ^ Herod's Tomb Discovered IsraCast, May 8, 2007. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner
  27. ^ "Herod's tomb reportedly found inside his desert palace" The Boston Globe, May 8, 2007. The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily Newspaper in Boston and in New England, Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  28. ^ Associated Press. Archaeologists Find Tomb of King Herod. The New York Times, May 9, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-Israel-Herods-Tomb.html
  29. ^ Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XV, Chapter 7. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 8
  30. ^ Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XV, Chapter 9. 3

Further reading

External links

Herod the Great
House of Herod
Died: 4 BC
Preceded by
Antigonus		 King of the Jews
37 BC – 4 BC		 Succeeded by
Herod Archelaus
Ruler of Galilee
37 BC – 4 BC		 Succeeded by
Herod Antipas
Ruler of Batanea
37 BC – 4 BC		 Succeeded by
Herod Philip II

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים الجامعة العبرية في القدس abbreviated HUJI) is Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Antigonus the Hasmonean was the son of King Aristobulus II of Judea. Herod Archelaus (23 BC – c 18 AD was the Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Edom from 4 BC to 6 AD "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title Batanaea or Batanea (the Hellenized/Latinised form of Bashan) was an area of the Biblical Holy Land, north-east of the Jordan River, to the east Not to be confused with Herod Philip I. Herod Philip II, or Philip the Tetrarch, was son of Herod the Great
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic