Hermann Wilhelm Göring
12 January 1893(1893-01-12) — 15 October 1946 (aged 53)
Place of birth	Rosenheim, Bavaria
Place of death	Nuremberg
Allegiance	German Empire (to 1918) Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Luftstreitkräfte/Luftwaffe
Years of service	1912-1945
Rank	Reichsmarschall
Unit	World War I: Jagdstaffel 5, Jagdstaffel 7, Jagdstaffel 26
Commands held	World War I: Jagdstaffel 27, Jagdgeschwader 1 World War II: Luftwaffe
Awards	Pour le Mérite Grand Cross of the Iron Cross Order of Zeringen Lion Karl Friedrich Order 3rd class House Order of Hohenzollern Order of the Sword, by King Gustaf V of Sweden

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (help·info) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was a German politician and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, designated successor to Adolf Hitler, and commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rosenheim is a town in Bavaria ( Germany) at the confluence of the rivers Inn and Mangfall Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte or Imperial German Army Air Service ( Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches) was the over-land air arm of the German ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Reichsmarschall (Marshal of the Empire or Imperial Marshal in English) was the highest rank in the Armed forces of Nazi Germany during ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. The Pour le Mérite, known informally during World War I as the Blue Max (Blauer Max was the Kingdom of Prussia 's highest military order until The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was a decoration intended for victorious generals of the Prussian Army and its Allies. The House Order of Hohenzollern ( Hausorden von Hohenzollern or Hohenzollernscher Hausorden) was an order of chivalry of the House of Hohenzollern The Order of the Sword ( Swedish Svärdsorden) is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Göring was a veteran of World War I, with 22 confirmed kills as a fighter pilot, and was awarded the coveted Pour le Mérite. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The following is a list of World War I flying aces. A Flying ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy Aircraft during aerial The Pour le Mérite, known informally during World War I as the Blue Max (Blauer Max was the Kingdom of Prussia 's highest military order until He was the last commander of Manfred von Richthofen's famous air squadron. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

He was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at Nuremberg in 1945-1946, and sentenced to death by hanging. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied In Public international law, a crime against humanity is an act of Persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people and is the highest level of The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after However, he committed suicide the night before he was to be executed.

Contents 1 Family background and relatives 2 Early life/Ritter von Epenstein 3 World War I 4 Post World War I 5 First marriage 6 Early Nazi 7 Addiction and exile 8 Political career 9 Nazi electoral victory 10 Possible responsibility for the Reichstag Fire 11 Second marriage 12 Nazi potentate 13 Complicity in the Holocaust 14 Head of the Luftwaffe 15 Göring's private army 16 World War II 17 The eastern front 18 The bomber war 19 The end of the war 20 Capture, trial, and death 21 Relatives 22 The official flags of Hermann Göring 23 Quotations 24 In film 25 In fiction 26 Books about Göring 27 References 28 External links

Family background and relatives

Göring was born at the sanatorium Marienbad in Rosenheim, Bavaria. Rosenheim is a town in Bavaria ( Germany) at the confluence of the rivers Inn and Mangfall Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 His father Heinrich Ernst Göring (31st October, 1839 – 7th December, 1913) had been the first Governor-General of the German protectorate of South West Africa (modern day Namibia)^[1] as well as being a former cavalry officer and member of the German consular service. Heinrich Ernst Göring ( October 31 1839 – December 7 1913) was a German Jurist and Diplomat who served as Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast Göring had among his patrilineal ancestors Eberle/Eberlin, a Swiss-German family of high bourgeoisie. Eberle is a Southern German diminutive form of the surname Eber, and may refer to Things USS Eberle (disambiguation Eberlin is a German surname and may refer to Johann(es Eberlin von Günzburg Johann Ernst Eberlin See Swiss German ( Schweizerdeutsch, Schwyzerdütsch, Schwiizertüütsch, Schwizertitsch) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken They were originally Jewish financiers who converted to Christianity in the 15th century and had numerous progeny in German speaking countries.

Göring was a relative of such Eberle/Eberlin descendants as the German aviation pioneer Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin; German romantic nationalist Hermann Grimm (1828-1901), an author of the concept of the German hero as a mover of history, whom the Nazis claimed as one of their ideological forerunners; the industrialist family Merck, the owners of the pharmaceutical giant Merck; one of the world major Catholic writers and poets of the 20th century German Baroness Gertrud von LeFort, whose works were largely inspired by her revulsion against Nazism; and Swiss diplomat, historian and President of International Red Cross, Carl J. Ferdinand Adolf August Heinrich Graf von Zeppelin mostly called Count Zeppelin) ( July 8, 1838 – March 8, 1917) was a Merck KGaA (EMD Chemicals in the United States and Canada is a German -based chemical and Pharmaceutical company. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated Burckhardt.

In an historical coincidence, Göring was related via the Eberle/Eberlin line to Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897), a great Swiss scholar of art and culture who was a major political and social thinker as well an opponent of nationalism and militarism, who rejected German claims of cultural and intellectual superiority and predicted a cataclysmic 20th century in which violent demagogues, whom he called "terrible simplifiers," would play central roles. Jacob Christoph Burckhardt ( May 25, 1818, Basel, Switzerland &ndash August 8, 1897, Basel was a Swiss ^[2]

Göring's mother Franziska "Fanny" Tiefenbrunn (1859-July 15, 1923) came from a Bavarian peasant family. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The marriage of a gentleman to a woman from lower class (1885) occurred only because Heinrich Ernst Göring was a widower. Göring was one of five children; his brothers were Albert Göring and Karl Ernst Göring, and his sisters were Olga Therese Sophia and Paula Elisabeth Rosa Göring, the last of whom were from his father's first marriage. Albert Göring (March 1895 - 1966 was a German Businessman, notable for helping Jews and Dissidents survive in Germany during World ^[3] While anti-Semitism became rampant in Germany of that time, his parents were not anti-Semitic.

Early life/Ritter von Epenstein

Göring later claimed his given name was chosen to honour the Arminius who defeated the legions of Rome at Teutoburg Forest. Arminius, also known as Armin or Hermann (18 BC/17 BC - AD 21) was a chieftain of the Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the The Teutoburg Forest (Teutoburger Wald is a range of low Forested Mountains in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia However the name was possibly to honour his godfather, a Christian of Jewish descent^[4] born Hermann Epenstein. Epenstein, whose father was an army surgeon in Berlin, became a wealthy physician and businessman and a major if not paternal influence on Göring's childhood. Much of Hermann's very early childhood, including a lengthy separation from his parents when his father took diplomatic posts in Africa and in Haiti (climates ruled too brutal for a young European child), was spent with governesses and with distant relatives. However, upon Heinrich Göring's retirement ca. 1898 his large family, supported solely on Heinrich's civil service pension, became for financially practical reasons the houseguests of their longtime friend and Göring's probable namesake, a man whose minor title (acquired through service and donation to the Crown) made him now known as Hermann, Ritter von Epenstein. Ritter is the second-lowest-ranking Title of Nobility in German-speaking areas just above an Edler, considered roughly equal to the title

Ritter von Epenstein purchased two largely dilapidated castles, Burg Veldenstein in Bavaria and Schloss Mauterndorf near Salzburg, Austria, whose very expensive restorations were ongoing by the time of Hermann Göring's birth. Ritter is the second-lowest-ranking Title of Nobility in German-speaking areas just above an Edler, considered roughly equal to the title Mauterndorf is a Market town in Austria, with a population of 1850 ( Census of 2001 is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Both castles were to be residences to the Göring family, their official "caretakers" until 1913. Both castles were also ultimately to be his property. In 1914 he tried to commit suicide; however, he was found by his mother,and was sent to the hospital. He survived after cutting his wrist and was soon sent back home. In 1915 he joined the army and fought in the Battle of the Somme. The Battle of the Somme, also known as the Somme Offensive, fought from July to November 1916 was among the largest battles of the First World War

According to some biographers of both Hermann Göring and his younger brother Albert Göring, soon after the family took residence in his castles, von Epenstein began an adulterous relationship with Frau Göring^[5] and may in fact have been Albert's father. (Albert's physical resemblance to von Epenstein was noted even during his childhood and is evident in photographs. ) Whatever the nature of von Epenstein's relationship with his mother, the young Hermann Göring enjoyed a close relationship with his godfather. Göring was unaware of von Epenstein's Jewish ancestry and birth until, as a child at a prestigious Austrian boarding school (where his tuition was paid by von Epenstein), he wrote an essay in praise of his godfather and was mocked by the school's anti-Semitic headmaster for professing such admiration for a Jew. Göring initially denied the allegation, but when confronted with proof in the "Semi-Gotha",^[6] a book of German heraldry (Ritter von Epenstein had purchased his minor title and castles with wealth garnered from speculation and trade and was thus included in a less than complimentary reference work on German speaking nobility), Göring, to his youthful credit, remained steadfast in his devotion to his family's friend and patron so adamantly that he was expelled from the school. The action seems to have tightened the already considerable bond between godfather and godson.

Relations between the Göring family and von Epenstein became far more formal during Göring's adolescence (causing Mosley and other biographers to speculate that perhaps the theorised affair ended naturally or that the elderly Heinrich discovered he was a cuckold and threatened its exposure). By the time of Heinrich Göring's death, the family no longer lived in a residence supplied by or seemed to have much contact at all with von Epenstein (though the family's comfortable circumstances indicate the Ritter may have continued to support them financially). Late in his life, Ritter von Epenstein wed a singer, Lily, who was half his age, bequeathing her his estate in his will, but requesting that she in turn bequeath the castles at Mauterndorf and Veldenstein to his godson Hermann upon her own death.

World War I

Göring was sent to boarding school at Ansbach, Franconia and then attended the cadet institutes at Karlsruhe and the military college at Berlin Lichterfelde. The Albatros DIII was a Biplane Fighter aircraft used by the Imperial German Army Air Service Ansbach, or Anspach, originally Onolzbach, is a town in Bavaria, Germany. Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Lichterfelde is a locality in the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf in Berlin, Germany. Göring was commissioned in the Prussian army on June 22 1912 in the Prinz Wilhelm Regiment (112th Infantry), headquartered at Mulhouse. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Mulhouse (Mulhouse myluz Alsatian: Milhüsa or Milhüse, pronounced; Mülhausen i

During the first year of World War I, Göring served with an infantry regiment in the Vosges region. Vosges (voːʒ is a French department, named after the Vosges mountain range. He was hospitalised with Rheumatism resulting from the damp of trench warfare. Rheumatism or Rheumatic disorder is a non-specific term for medical problems affecting the Heart, Bones Joints Kidney, Skin While he was recovering, his friend Bruno Loerzer convinced him to transfer to the Luftstreitkräfte. Bruno Loerzer ( 22 January 1891 - 23 August 1960) was an officer in the German Luftstreitkräfte during World The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte or Imperial German Army Air Service ( Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches) was the over-land air arm of the German Göring's application to transfer was immediately turned down. But later that year Göring flew as Loerzer's observer in Feldflieger Ableilung (FFA) 25 - Göring had arranged his own transfer. He was detected and sentenced to three weeks' confinement to barracks. The sentence was never carried out: by the time it was imposed Göring's association with Loerzer had been regularised. They were assigned as a team to the 25th Field Air Detachment of the Crown Prince's Fifth Army - "though it seems that they had to steal a plane in order to qualify. This article is about the Crown Prince Wilhelm For German ships of the same name please see the Kronprinz Wilhelm or SMS Kronprinz Wilhelm. "^[7] They flew reconnaissance and bombing missions for which the Crown Prince invested both Göring and Loerzer with the Iron Cross, first class. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia

On completing his pilot's training course he was posted back to Feldflieger Ableilung (FFA) 2 in October 1915. Göring had already claimed two air victories as an Observer ( one unconfirmed). He gained another flying a Fokker EIII single-seater scout in March 1916. In October 1916 he was posted to Jagdstaffel 5, but was wounded in action in November. In February 1917 he joined Jagdstaffel 26. He now scored steadily until in May 1917 he got his first command, Jasta 27. Serving with Jastas 5, 26 and 27, he claimed 21 air victories. Besides the Iron Cross, he was awarded the Zaehring Lion with swords, the Karl Friedrich Order and the House Order of Hohenzollern with swords, third class, and finally in May 1918 (despite not having the required 25 air victories) the coveted Pour le Mérite. The House Order of Hohenzollern ( Hausorden von Hohenzollern or Hohenzollernscher Hausorden) was an order of chivalry of the House of Hohenzollern The Pour le Mérite, known informally during World War I as the Blue Max (Blauer Max was the Kingdom of Prussia 's highest military order until ^[8] On 7th July 1918, after the death of Wilhelm Reinhard, the successor of The Red Baron, he was made commander of Jagdgeschwader Freiherr von Richthofen, Jagdgeschwader 1. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In June 1917, after a lengthy dogfight, Göring shot down an Australian pilot named Frank Slee. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The battle is recounted in The Rise and Fall of Hermann Goering. Göring landed and met the Australian, and presented Slee with his Iron Cross. Years after, Slee gave Göring's Iron Cross to a friend, who later died on the beaches of Normandy on D-Day. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. D-Day may also refer to Decimal Day in the United Kingdom. D-Day is a term often used in Military parlance to denote Also during the war Göring had through his generous treatment made a friend of his prisoner of war Captain Frank Beaumont, a Royal Flying Corps pilot. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of the First World War. "It was part of Goering's creed to admire a good enemy, and he did his best to keep Captain Beaumont from being taken over by the Army. "^[9]

Göring finished the war with 22 kills.

Because of his arrogance^[10] Göring's appointment as commander of Jagdgeschwader 1 had not been well received. Though after demobilisation Göring and his officers spent most of their time during the first weeks of November 1918 in the Stiftskeller, the best restaurant and drinking place in Aschaffenburg,^[11] he was the only veteran of Jagdgeschwader 1 never invited to post-war reunions. Aschaffenburg (aˈʃafənbʊɐ̯k dialect) is a large town in northwest Bavaria, Germany.

Göring was genuinely surprised (at least by his own account) at Germany's defeat in the First World War. He felt personally violated by the surrender, the Kaiser's abdication, the humiliating terms, and the supposed treachery of the post-war German politicians who had "goaded the people [to uprising] [and] who [had] stabbed our glorious Army in the back [thinking] of nothing but of attaining power and of enriching themselves at the expense of the people. Kaiser is the German title meaning " Emperor " with Kaiserin being the female equivalent " Empress " "^[12] Ordered to surrender the planes of his squadron to the Allies in December 1918, Göring and his fellow pilots intentionally wrecked the planes on landing. This endeavour paralleled the scuttling of surrendered ships. Scuttling is the act of deliberately sinking a ship by allowing water to flow into the hull. Typical for the political climate of the day, he was not arrested or even officially reprimanded for his action.

Post World War I

He remained in flying after the war, worked briefly at Fokker, tried "barnstorming", and in 1920 he joined Svenska Lufttrafik. Fokker was a Dutch Aircraft manufacturer named after its founder Anthony Fokker. Barnstorming was a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s in which Stunt pilots would perform tricks with airplanes, either individually or in groups called Svenska Luftrafik was a Swedish Airline. The company was founded on 7 February, 1919, its first flight running on the 7 August, He was also listed on the officer rolls of the Reichswehr, the post-World War I peacetime army of Germany, and by 1933 had risen to the rank of Generalmajor. The Reichswehr ( German for "National Defence" formed the military organisation of Germany from 1919 until 1935 when it was He was made a Generalleutnant in 1935 and then a General in the Luftwaffe upon its founding later that year. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force.

Göring as a veteran pilot was often hired to fly businessmen and others on private aircraft. On a winter's day in 1920 Count Eric von Rosen, a widely-known and intrepid explorer, arrived at an aerodrome in Sweden and requested a flight to his estate at Rockelstad near Sparreholm. Count Carl Gustaf Bloomfield Eric von Rosen (born June 2 1879 in Stockholm, died April 25 1948 Skeppsholmen "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. ^[13] It was a short journey by air and as it was snowing it seemed a flight would be the quick way home. The count relished the challenge of flying through snow if a brave enough pilot could be found. With only one or two hours' of daylight left, Göring readily agreed to make the journey. After take-off they got lost as the aircraft pitched and plunged over trees and valleys; the count was violently airsick. They finally touched down on the frozen Lake Båven near Rockelstad Castle. It was too late for Göring to go back that day so he accepted the count and countess's invitation to stay overnight at the castle. ^[14]

The medieval castle, with its suits of armour, paintings, hunting relics and exploration trophies was suited to romance. It may have been here that Göring first saw the swastika emblem, a family badge which was set in the chimney piece around the roaring fire. The swastika (from Sanskrit: svástika sa स्वस्तिक Hindu IS CORRECT if 'ि' is positioned incorrectly see -->) is ^[15]

This was also the first time Göring saw his future wife. A great staircase led down into the hall opposite the fireplace. As Göring looked up he saw a woman coming down the staircase as if toward him. He thought she was very beautiful. The count introduced his sister-in-law Baroness Karin von Kantzow^[16] to the 27 year old Göring. Carin Göring ( 21 October 1888 – 17 October 1931) was the first wife of Hermann ^[17]

Karin was a tall, maternal, unhappy, sentimental woman five years Göring's senior, estranged from her husband and in delicate health. Göring was immediately smitten with her. Karin's eldest sister and biographer claimed that it was love at first sight. ^[18] Karin was carefully looked after by her parents as well as by Count and Countess von Rosen. She was also married and had an eight year old son Thomas to whom she was devoted. No romance other than one of courtly love was possible at this point. Courtly love was a Medieval European conception of ennobling love which found its genesis in the ducal and princely courts of Aquitaine, Provence ^[17]

First marriage

Karin divorced her estranged husband, Niels Gustav von Kantzow, in December 1922. She married Göring on 3rd January, 1923 in Stockholm. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Von Kantzow behaved generously. He provided a financial settlement which enabled Karin and Göring to set up their first home together in Germany. It was a hunting lodge at Hochkreuth in the Bavarian Alps, near Bayrischzell, some 50 miles from Munich. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Both Karin and Göring were ardent nationalists.

Early Nazi

Göring joined the Nazi Party in 1922 and took over the SA leadership as the Oberste SA-Führer. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers Leadership ranks of the Sturmabteilung were the titles and positions held by the commanders of the Sturmabteilung (SA of the Nazi Party between After stepping down as SA Commander, he was appointed an SA-Gruppenführer (Lieutenant General) and held this rank on the SA rolls until 1945. Gruppenführer (literally “Group Leader” was an early Paramilitary Rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior Hitler later recalled his early association with Göring thus:

"I liked him. I made him the head of my S. A. He is the only one of its heads that ran the S. A. properly. I gave him a disheveled rabble. In a very short time he had organised a division of 11,000 men. "^[19]

At this time Karin, who liked Hitler, often played hostess to meetings of leading Nazis including her husband, Hitler, Hess, Rosenberg and Röhm. Rudolf Walter Richard Hess ( Heß in German) (26 April 1894 &ndash 17 August 1987 was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany, acting as Adolf Hitler (12 January 1893 16 October 1946 was an early and intellectually influential member of the Nazi Party. Ernst Julius Röhm, (Munich November 28, 1887 – July 2, 1934) was a German military officer and later the commander and co-founder

Göring was with Hitler in the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich on 9 November 1923. The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch) was a failed Coup d'état that occurred between the evening of Thursday November 8 Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He marched beside Hitler at the head of the SA. When the Bavarian police broke up the march with gunfire, Göring was seriously wounded in the groin.

Addiction and exile

Karin, herself unwell with pneumonia, arranged for Göring to be spirited away to Austria. Göring was in no fit state to travel and the journey may have aggravated his condition, although he did avoid arrest. Göring was x-rayed and operated on in the hospital at Innsbruck. Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. Karin wrote to her mother from Göring's bedside on 8 December 1923 describing the terrible pain Göring was in: ". Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. . . in spite of being dosed with morphine every day, his pain stays just as bad as ever. Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in "^[20] This was the beginning of his morphine addiction. Meanwhile in Munich the authorities declared Göring a wanted man.

Later Göring switched from morphine to paracodeine. Dihydrocodeine, also called DHC, Drocode, Paracodeine and Parzone and by the brand names of Synalgos DC, Panlor DC,

The Görings, acutely short of funds and reliant on the goodwill of Nazi sympathisers abroad, moved from Austria to Venice then in May 1924 to Rome via Florence and Siena. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. Göring met Mussolini in Rome. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Mussolini expressed some interest in meeting Hitler, by then in prison, on his release. ^[21] Personal problems, however, continued to multiply. Göring's mother had died in 1923. By 1925 it was Karin's mother who was ill. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Görings with difficulty raised the money for a journey in spring 1925 to Sweden via Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Free City of Danzig. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Free City of Danzig ( German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was an autonomous Baltic Sea port and Göring had become a violent morphine addict and Karin's family were shocked by his deterioration when they saw him. Karin, herself an epileptic, had to let the doctors and police take full charge of Göring. Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. He was certified a dangerous drug addict and placed in the violent ward of Långbro asylum on 1 September 1925. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Biographer Roger Manvell interviewed a psychiatrist in Stockholm who had seen Göring at a private clinic before being placed in Långbro: Göring was very violent and had to be placed in a straitjacket but was not insane. Roger Manvell was born in England on October 10, 1909 and died on November 30, 1987 A straitjacket is a Garment shaped like a Jacket with overlong Sleeves The ends of these can be tied to the back of the wearer so that the arms are kept ^[22]

The 1925 psychiatrist's reports claimed Göring to be weak of character, an hysteric, an unstable personality, sentimental yet callous, violent when afraid and a person who deployed bravado to hide a basic lack of moral courage. Gallantry redirects here Or see Gallant for other meanings Courage, also known as bravery, will, intrepidity

Like many men capable of great acts of physical courage which verge quite often on desperation, he lacked the finer kind of courage in the conduct of his life which was needed when serious difficulties overcame him. ^[23]

At the time of Göring's detention all doctors' reports in Sweden were in the public domain. In 1925, Karin sued for custody of her son. Niels von Kantzow, her ex-husband, used a doctor's report on Karin and Göring as evidence to show that neither of them was fit to look after the boy, and so von Kantzow kept custody. The reports were also used by political opponents in Germany.

Political career

Göring returned to Germany in autumn 1927, after the newly elected President von Hindenburg declared amnesty for participants in the 1923 Putsch. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg ( known universally as Paul von Hindenburg ( ( October 2, 1847 &ndash August 2 Göring resumed his political work for Hitler. He became the 'salon Nazi', the Party's representative in upper class circles.

Göring was elected to the Reichstag in 1928. The Reichstag ( German for "Imperial Diet " was the Parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was Reichstag President from 1932 to 1933. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

His wife Karin died on 17th October, 1931, aged 42, of tuberculosis. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common

Nazi electoral victory

Hitler became Chancellor on 30 January 1933, by a deal with the conservative intriguer Franz von Papen. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain (29 October 1879 2 May 1969 was a German nobleman Catholic monarchist Politician, General Staff officer and Diplomat Only two other Nazis were included in the cabinet. One was Göring, who was named minister without portfolio. It was understood, however, that he would be named minister of aviation once Germany built up an air force. At Hitler's insistence, Göring also was appointed interior minister of Prussia under Papen, who doubled as Vice Chancellor of the Reich and minister-president of Prussia. The Vice-Chancellor of Germany ( Vizekanzler) in Germany is the second highest position in the cabinet at least according to the protocol (Prussia at this time, though a constituent state of Germany, included over half of the country. )

Although his appointment as Prussian interior minister was little noticed at the time, it made Göring commander of the largest police force in Germany. He moved quickly to Nazify the police and use them against the Social Democrats and Communists. The Communist Party of Germany ( German Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands &ndash KPD) was a major political party in Germany between 1918 On 22 February, Göring ordered the police to recruit "auxiliaries" from the Nazi party militia, and to cease all opposition to the street violence of the SA. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne New elections were scheduled for 5 March, and Göring's police minions harassed and suppressed political opponents and rivals of the Nazis. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a He also detached the political and intelligence departments from the Prussian police and reorganized them as the Gestapo, a secret police force. The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany Secret police (sometimes political police) are a Police agency which operates in Secrecy to maintain National security against internal

On 28 February, the Reichstag building was gutted by fire. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule The Reichstag fire was arson, and the Nazis blamed the Communists. On 27 February 1933, the Reichstag building was subject to an arson attack and as a result seen as the pivotal event in the establishment of Nazi Germany Göring himself met Hitler at the fire scene, and denounced it as "a Communist outrage," the first act in a planned uprising. Hitler agreed. The next day, the Reichstag Fire Decree suspended civil liberties. The Reichstag Fire Decree (Reichstagsbrandverordnung is the common name of the Order of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State issued by German president

Göring ordered the complete suppression of the Communist party. Most German states banned party meetings and publications, but in Prussia, Göring's police summarily arrested 25,000 Communists and other leftists, including the entire Party leadership, save those that escaped abroad. Hundreds of other prominent anti-Nazis were also rounded up. Göring told the Prussian police

. . . all other restraints on police action imposed by Reich and state law are abolished. . .

On 5 March, the Nazi-DNVP coalition won a narrow majority in the election; on 23 March, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, which effectively gave Hitler dictatorial powers. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. The Enabling Act ( in German) was passed by the Reichstag ( Germany 's parliament on March 23, 1933 and signed

As part of the anti-communist campaign, in the first executions in the Third Reich, Göring declined to commute the August 1933 death sentences passed against Bruno Tesch and three other communists for their alleged role in the deaths of two SA members and 16 others in the Altona Bloody Sunday (Altonaer Blutsonntag) riot, an SA march on 17 July 1932 ^{[24] [25]}. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Bruno Guido Camillo Tesch (April 22 1913 - August 1 1933) was a German anti fascist Altona (ˈaltona is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.

Possible responsibility for the Reichstag Fire

Marinus van der Lubbe, an ex-Communist radical, was arrested on the scene and claimed sole responsibility for the fire. Marinus (Rinus van der Lubbe ( 13 January, 1909 – 10 January, 1934) was a Dutch council communist accused of and eventually But many observers believed that the Nazis set the fire to justify the subsequent crackdown. Göring in particular was suspected: he was first on the scene, and both Hitler and Goebbels were apparently surprised by the news. Paul Joseph Goebbels (German pronunciation ˈɡœbəls English generally ˈɡɝbəlz (29 October 1897 1 May 1945 was a German politician and Reich Minister of Public At Nuremberg, General Franz Halder testified that Göring admitted responsibility:

At a luncheon on the birthday of Hitler in 1942. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Franz Ritter Halder ( June 30 1884 &ndash April 2 1972) was a German General and the head of the Army General . . [Göring said]. . . "The only one who really knows about the Reichstag is I, because I set it on fire!" With that he slapped his thigh with the flat of his hand.

Göring in his own Nuremberg testimony denied this story. It remains unclear whether or not Göring was responsible for the fire.

The following is a transcript excerpt from the Nuremberg Trials:

GOERING: This conversation did not take place and I request that I be confronted with Herr Halder. First of all I want to emphasize that what is written here is utter nonsense. It says, "The only one who really knows the Reichstag is I. " The Reichstag was known to every representative in the Reichstag. The fire took place only in the general assembly room, and many hundreds or thousands of people knew this room as well as I did. A statement of this type is utter nonsense. How Herr Halder came to make that statement I do not know. Apparently that bad memory, which also let him down in military matters, is the only explanation.
MR. JUSTICE JACKSON: You know who Halder is?
GOERING: Only too well.
GOERING: That accusation that I had set fire to the Reichstag came from a certain foreign press. That could not bother me because it was not consistent with the facts. I had no reason or motive for setting fire to the Reichstag. From the artistic point of view I did not at all regret that the assembly chamber was burned - I hoped to build a better one. But I did regret very much that I was forced to find a new meeting place for the Reichstag and, not being able to find one, I had to give up my Kroll Opera House, that is, the second State Opera House, for that purpose. The opera seemed to me much more important than the Reichstag.
MR. JUSTICE JACKSON: Have you ever boasted of burning the Reichstag building, even by way of joking?
GOERING: No. I made a joke, if that is the one you are referring to, when I said that, after this, I should be competing with Nero and that probably people would soon be saying that, dressed in a red toga and holding a lyre in my hand, I looked on at the fire and played while the Reichstag was burning. That was the joke. But the fact was that I almost perished in the flames, which would have been very unfortunate for the German people, but very fortunate for their enemies.
MR. JUSTICE JACKSON: You never stated then that you burned the Reichstag?
GOERING: No. I know that Herr Rauschning said in the book which he wrote, and which has often been referred to here, that I had discussed this with him. I saw Herr Rauschning only twice in my life and only for a short time on each occasion. If I had set fire to the Reichstag, I would presumably have let that be known only to my closest circle of confidants, if at all. I would not have told it to a man whom I did not know and whose appearance I could not describe at all today. That is an absolute distortion of the truth.

Second marriage

During the early 1930s Göring was often in the company of Emmy Sonnemann (1893-1973), an actress from Hamburg. Emma Johanna Henny "Emmy" Göring (née Sonnemann ( 24 March 1893 &ndash 8 June 1973) was a German actress and the second wife of He proposed to her in Weimar in February 1935. The wedding took place on 10 April 1935 in Berlin and was celebrated like the marriage of an emperor. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama They had a daughter, Edda Göring (born 2 June 1938) who was then thought to be named after Countess Edda Ciano, eldest child of Benito Mussolini. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Edda Mussolini ( September 1, 1910 – April 9, 1995) was the eldest child of Benito Mussolini. Actually, Edda was named after a friend of her mother. ^[26]

Nazi potentate

Göring was one of the key figures in the process of "forcible coordination" (Gleichschaltung) that established the Nazi dictatorship. Gleichschaltung, meaning "coordination" "making the same" "bringing into line" is a Nazi term for the process by which the A dictatorship is usually defined as an autocratic Form of government in which the Government is ruled by a Dictator. For example, in 1933, Göring promulgated the ban all Roman Catholic newspapers in Germany as a means of removing not only resistance to National Socialism but also to deprive the population of alternative forms of association and means of political communication. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

In the Nazi regime's early years, Göring served as minister in various key positions at both the Reich (German national) level and at other levels as required. For example, in the state of Prussia, Göring was responsible for the economy as well as re-armament.

His police forces included the Gestapo, which he converted into a political spy force. The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany But in 1934 Hitler transferred the Gestapo to Himmler's SS. Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945 was a Nazi German politician and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS. Göring retained Special Police Battalion Wecke, which he converted to a paramilitary unit attached to the Landespolizei (State Police), Landespolizeigruppe General Göring. Landespolizei (or LaPo is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services which patrol the German Bundesländer This formation participated in the Night of the Long Knives, when the SA leaders were purged. The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July

Göring was head of the Nazi underground monitoring services for telephone and radio communications, the "Forschungsamt" (FA). This was connected to the SS, the SD, and Abwehr intelligence services. The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the The Sicherheitsdienst (SD Security Service was primarily the Intelligence service of the SS and the NSDAP. The Abwehr was a German intelligence organization from 1921 to 1944

After Hjalmar Schacht was removed as Minister of Economics, Göring effectively took over. Dr Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht (22 January 1877 – 3 June 1970 was the Currency Commissioner and President of the Reichsbank under the Weimar Republic, and President In 1936, he became Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan for German rearmament. The vast steel plant Reichswerke Hermann Göring was named after him. He gained great influence with Hitler (who placed a high value on rearmament). He never seemed to accept the Hitler Myth quite as much as Goebbels and Himmler did, but remained loyal nevertheless. The Hitler Myth is a concept which embodies two key points in Nazi ideology firstly it presents Hitler as a demigod figure who both embodies and shapes the German people and

In 1938, Göring forced out the War Minister, Field Marshal von Blomberg, and the Army commander, General von Fritsch. Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg (2 September 1878 - 14 March 1946 was a leading member of the German Army until January 1938 Werner Freiherr (Baron von Fritsch ( 4 August 1880 &ndash 22 September 1939) was a prominent Wehrmacht officer member of the They had welcomed Hitler's accession in 1933, but then annoyed him by criticising his plans for expansionist wars. Göring, who had been best man at Blomberg's recent wedding to a 26-year-old typist, discovered that the young woman was a former prostitute, and blackmailed him into resigning. Fritsch was accused of homosexual activity, and though completely innocent, resigned in shock and disgust. He was later exonerated by a "court of honour" presided over by Göring.

Also in 1938, it was Göring who spoke on the telephone to Austrian Chancellor Schuschnigg, using threats of war to bully him into surrendering to German occupation of Austria and the Anschluss. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Kurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg ( December 14, 1897 - November 18, 1977) was an Austrian Politician who in 1934 succeeded the assassinated The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi

The confiscation of Jewish property gave Göring great opportunities to amass a personal fortune. Some properties he seized himself, or acquired for a nominal price. In other cases, he collected fat bribes for allowing others to grab Jewish property. He also took kickbacks from industrialists for favourable decisions as Four Year Plan director.

Göring also "collected" several other offices, such as Reichsforst- und Jägermeister (Reich Master of the Forest and Hunt), for which he received high salaries. He was known for his extravagant tastes and garish clothing. Hans Rudel, the top Stuka pilot of the war, recalls in his war memoirs meeting Göring twice dressed in outlandish costumes: first, a medieval hunting costume, practicing archery with his doctor, and second, dressed in a russet toga fastened with a golden clasp, smoking an abnormally large pipe. Hans-Ulrich Rudel ( July 2, 1916 – December 18, 1982) was a Stuka dive-bomber pilot during World War II. The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka (from Stu rz' ka' mpfflugzeug, " Dive bomber " was a two-seat (pilot and rear gunner This article is about the aviation term for the Roman garment see Toga. Galeazzo Ciano, the Italian Foreign Minister, once noted Göring wearing a fur coat looking like what "a high grade prostitute wears to the opera". Gian Galeazzo Ciano Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari ( March 18, 1903 – January 11, 1944) was Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. ^[27]

Göring acquired a vast Prussian estate in 1933, and built his great manor house there. It was named Carinhall in memory of his first wife Karin. Carinhall was the country residence of Hermann Göring, built on a large hunting estate northeast of Berlin in the Schorfheide forest between the Großdöllner He exulted in aristocratic trappings, such as a coat of arms, and ceremonial swords and daggers, such as the Wedding Sword (an oversized broadsword with elaborate gold hilts presented to Göring at his 1935 wedding to Emmy). Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations He also owned a great deal of fancy uniforms and gaudy jewelry. Most infamously, he collected art, looting from numerous museums (some in Germany itself), stealing from Jewish collectors, or buying for a song in occupied countries. Nazi plunder refers to Art theft and other items stolen as a result of the organized spoliation of European countries during the time of the Third Reich

Göring was also noted for his patronage of music, especially opera. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto He entertained frequently and lavishly. Though he liked to be called "der Eiserne" (the Iron Man), he was flabby and overweight, over 280 lbs. He was one of the few Nazi leaders who did not take offense at hearing jokes about himself, "no matter how rude". ^[28] Germans joked about his ego, saying that he would wear an admiral's uniform to take a bath, and his obesity, joking that "he sits down on his stomach". ^[28]

Complicity in the Holocaust

Göring insisted during the Nuremberg trials that he was not personally anti-semitic. But he looted Jewish property ruthlessly. After Kristallnacht, he welcomed the killing of Jews but complained about unnecessary damage to property. Kristallnacht ( literally "Crystal night" or the Night of Broken Glass was a Pogrom in Nazi Germany on November 9–10 1938

Göring was the highest figure in the Nazi hierarchy to issue written orders for the "final solution of the Jewish Question", when he issued a memo to Heydrich to organise the practical details. The Final Solution ( Die Endlösung) was Nazi Germany 's plan and execution of its systematic Genocide against European Jewry during World Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( 7 March 1904 &ndash 4 June 1942) was an SS - Obergruppenführer, chief This resulted in the Wannsee Conference. The Wannsee Conference was a Meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on Göring wrote, "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question. " It is almost certain however that Hitler issued a verbal order to Göring in late 1941 to this effect. ^[29]

Head of the Luftwaffe

When the Nazis took power, Göring was Minister of Civil Air Transport, which was a screen for the build-up of German war aviation, prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. When Hitler repudiated Versailles, in 1935, the Luftwaffe was unveiled, with Göring as Minister and Oberbefehlshaber (Supreme Commander). Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1938, he became the first Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Luftwaffe. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Field Marshal General, in German Generalfeldmarschall ( (usually translated simply as Field marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall Göring directed the rapid creation of this new branch of service. Within a few years, Germany produced large numbers of the world's most advanced military aircraft.

In 1936, Göring at Hitler's direction sent several hundred aircraft along with several thousand air and ground crew, to assist the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War as the Condor Legion. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of The Condor Legion (Legion Condor was a unit composed of "volunteers" from the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe) which served with the Nationalist

By 1939 the Luftwaffe was the most advanced and one of the most powerful air forces in the world.

On 9 August 1939, Göring boasted "The Ruhr will not be subjected to a single bomb. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia If an enemy bomber reaches the Ruhr, my name is not Hermann Göring: you can call me Meier!" ("I want to be called Meier if . . . " is a German idiom to express that something is impossible. Meier (in several spelling variants) is the second most common surname in Germany. ) By the end of the war, Berlin's air raid sirens were bitterly known to the city's residents as "Meier's trumpets", or "Meier's hunting horns. A civil defense siren (also referred to as an air raid siren, tornado siren, tsunami siren, or other outdoor warning siren and also rarely referred "

Göring's private army

Unusually, the Luftwaffe also included its own ground troops, which became Göring's private army. German Fallschirmjäger (parachute and glider) troops were organised as part of the Luftwaffe, not as part of the Army. (often rendered Fallschirmjager in English; from the German Fallschirm "parachute" and Jäger, "hunter These formations eventually grew to over 30 divisions, which almost never operated as airborne troops. About half were "field divisions", that is, plain infantry.

There was even a Fallschirm-Panzer Division 1 Hermann Göring, which had originally been the special police battalion mentioned above. The Fallschirm-Panzer-Division1 Hermann Göring ( 1st Paratroop Panzer Division Hermann Goering - abbreviated Fallschirm-Panzer-Div 1 HG

Many of these divisions were led by officers with little or no training for ground combat, and performed badly as a result. In 1945, two Fallschirmjäger divisions were deployed on the Oder front. (often rendered Fallschirmjager in English; from the German Fallschirm "parachute" and Jäger, "hunter The Oder (known in Czech and Polish as Odra) is a River in Central Europe. Göring said at a staff meeting "When both my airborne divisions attack, the entire Red Army can be thrown to hell. " But when the Red Army attacked, Göring's 9th Parachute Division collapsed. The German 9th Parachute Division was one of the final parachute divisions to be raised by Germany during World War II.

World War II

Göring was skeptical of Hitler's war plans. He believed Germany was not prepared for a new conflict and, in particular, that his Luftwaffe was not yet ready to beat the British Royal Air Force (RAF). His personal luxuries might be endangered, too. So he made contacts through various diplomats and emissaries to avoid war.

However, once Hitler decided on war, Göring supported him completely. On 1 September 1939, the first day of the war, Hitler spoke to the Reichstag at the Kroll Opera House. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Reichstag ( German for "Imperial Diet " was the Parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, The Kroll Opera House (German Krolloper) was an Opera building in Berlin, Germany, on the western edge of the Königsplatz (now the In this speech he designated Göring as his successor "if anything should befall me. "

Initially, decisive German victories followed quickly one after the other. The Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr ( German for "Airforce Museum of the Bundeswehr " together with the Militärhistorische Museum der Bundeswehr The Luftwaffe destroyed the Polish Air Force within two weeks. The Fallschirmjäger seized key airfields in Norway and captured Fort Eben-Emael in Belgium. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Eben-Emael was a Belgian fortress between Liège and Maastricht, near the Albert Canal, defending the Belgian-German border German air to ground attacks served as the "flying artillery" of the panzer troops in the blitzkrieg of France. A panzer, pronunced, is a German Tank, especially in the context of World War II. "Leave it to my Luftwaffe" became Göring's perpetual gloat.

After the defeat of France, Hitler awarded Göring the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross for his successful leadership. The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was a decoration intended for victorious generals of the Prussian Army and its Allies. By a decree on 19 July 1940, Hitler promoted Göring to the rank of Reichsmarschall (Marshal of Germany), the highest military rank of the Greater German Reich. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Reichsmarschall (Marshal of the Empire or Imperial Marshal in English) was the highest rank in the Armed forces of Nazi Germany during Reichsmarschall was a special rank for Göring, which made him senior to all other Army and Luftwaffe Field Marshals.

Göring's political and military careers were at their peak. Göring had already received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on September 30, 1939 as Commander in Chief of the Luftwaffe. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[30]

Göring promised Hitler that the Luftwaffe would quickly destroy the RAF, or break British morale with devastating air raids. He personally directed the first attacks on Britain from his private luxury train. But the Luftwaffe failed to gain control of the skies in the Battle of Britain. The Battle of Britain (German ''Luftschlacht um England'' is the name given to the sustained strategic effort by the German Luftwaffe during the summer and This was Hitler's first defeat. And Britain withstood the worst the Luftwaffe could do for the eight months of "the Blitz". The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II.

However, the damage inflicted on British cities largely maintained Göring's prestige. The Luftwaffe destroyed Belgrade in April 1941, and Fallschirmjäger captured Crete from the British army. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the

The eastern front

If Göring was skeptical about war against Britain and France, he was absolutely certain that a new campaign against the Soviet Union was doomed to defeat. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 After trying, completely in vain, to convince Hitler to give up Operation Barbarossa, he embraced the campaign. Operation Barbarossa ( Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the Codename for Nazi Germany 's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II Hitler still relied on him completely. On 29 June, Hitler composed a special 'testament', which was kept secret till the end of the war. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. This formally designated Göring as "my deputy in all my offices" if Hitler was unable to function, and his successor if he died. Ironically, Göring did not know the contents of this testament, which was marked "To be opened only by the Reichsmarschall", until after leaving Berlin in April 1945 for Berchtesgaden, where it had been kept.

The Luftwaffe shared in the initial victories in the east, destroying thousands of Soviet aircraft. But as Soviet resistance grew and the weather turned bad, the Luftwaffe became overstretched and exhausted.

Göring by this time had lost interest in administering the Luftwaffe. That duty was left to incompetent favorites such as Udet and Jeschonnek. Colonel General Ernst Udet ( April 26 1896 – November 17 1941) was the second-highest scoring German Flying Hans Jeschonnek ( 9 April 1899 &ndash 19 August 1943) was a German Generaloberst and a Chief of the General Staff Aircraft production lagged. Yet Göring persisted in outlandish promises. When the Soviets surrounded a German army in Stalingrad in 1942, Göring encouraged Hitler to fight for the city rather than retreat. The Battle of Stalingrad is a commonly used name in English sources for several large operations by Germany and its allies and Soviet forces conducted with the He asserted that the Luftwaffe would deliver 500 tons per day of supplies to the trapped force. In fact no more than 100 tons were ever delivered in a day, and usually much less. While Göring's men struggled to fly in the savage Russian winter, Göring had his usual lavish birthday party.

Göring was in charge of exploiting the vast industrial resources captured during the war, particularly in the Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 This proved to be an almost total failure, and little of the available potential was effectively harnessed for the service of the German military machine.

The bomber war

As early as 1940, British aircraft raided targets in Germany, debunking Göring's assurance that the Reich would never be attacked. By 1942, the bombers were coming by hundreds and thousands. Entire cities such as Cologne and Hamburg were devastated. The Luftwaffe responded with night fighters, radar, and anti-aircraft guns. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Göring was still nominally in charge, but in practice he had little to do with operations.

Göring's prestige, reputation, and influence with Hitler all declined, especially after the Stalingrad debacle. Hitler could not publicly repudiate him without embarrassment, but contact between them largely stopped. Göring withdrew from the military and political scene to enjoy the pleasures of life as a wealthy and powerful man. His reputation for extravagance made him particularly unpopular as ordinary Germans began to suffer deprivation.

The end of the war

In 1945, Göring fled the Berlin area with trainloads of treasures for the Nazi alpine resort in Berchtesgaden. Berchtesgaden (bɛʁçtəsˈgaːdən is a municipality in the German Bavarian Alps. He was presented with Hitler's testament, which he read for the first time. On 23 April, as the Red Army closed in around Berlin, Göring sent a radiogram to Hitler, suggesting that the testament should now come into force. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya He added that if he did not hear back from Hitler by 10 PM, he would assume Hitler was incapacitated, and would assume leadership of the Reich.

Hitler was enraged by this proposal, which Bormann portrayed as an attempted coup d'état. Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 – 2 May 1945 On 25 April, Hitler ordered the SS to arrest Göring. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. On 26 April, Hitler dismissed Göring as commander of the Luftwaffe. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. In his last will and testament, Hitler dismissed Göring from all his offices and expelled him from the Nazi Party. The last will and testament of Adolf Hitler was dictated by Hitler to his secretary Traudl Junge in his Berlin Führerbunker on April 29 On 28 April, Hitler ordered the SS to execute Göring, his wife, and their daughter (Hitler's own goddaughter). Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title But this order was ignored.

Instead, the Görings and their SS captors moved together, to the same Schloß Mauterndorf where Göring had spent much of his childhood and which he had inherited (along with Burg Veldenstein) from his godfather's widow upon her death in 1937. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. (Göring had arranged for preferential treatment for the woman after his rise to power, a consideration that guaranteed her immunity from the confiscation and arrest that may have been her fate as the widow of a wealthy Jew. )

Capture, trial, and death

Göring surrendered on 9 May 1945 in Bavaria. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 He was the third-highest-ranking Nazi official tried at Nuremberg, behind Reich President (former Admiral) Karl Dönitz and former Deputy Führer Hess. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Karl Dönitz (ˈdøːnɪts) (16 September 1891 &ndash 24 December 1980 was a German naval Commander who served Deputy Führer was the title for the deputy head of the Nazi Party, which was held by Rudolf Hess until his flight to the United Kingdom in 1941 Göring's last days were spent with Captain Gustave Gilbert, a German-speaking American intelligence officer and psychologist (and a Jew), who had access to all the prisoners held in the Nuremberg jail. Gustave Mark Gilbert (1911 - 1977 was an American Psychologist best known for his writings containing observations of high ranking Mental health professional A psychologist is a practitioner of Psychology, the systematic investigation of the mind including Behavior, Cognition, Gilbert classified Göring as having an IQ of 138, the same as Dönitz. An Intelligence Quotient or IQ is a score derived from one of several different Standardized tests attempting to measure Intelligence. Gilbert kept a journal which he later published as Nuremberg Diary. Nuremberg Diary (ISBN 0-306-80661-4 is Gustave Gilbert 's account of and interviews he conducted during the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi Leaders Here he describes Göring on the evening of 18 April 1946, as the trials were halted for a three-day Easter recess. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year.

Sweating in his cell in the evening, Göring was defensive and deflated and not very happy over the turn the trial was taking. He said that he had no control over the actions or the defence of the others, and that he had never been anti-Semitic himself, had not believed these atrocities, and that several Jews had offered to testify on his behalf.

Despite claims that he was not anti-Semitic, while in the prison yard at Nuremberg, after hearing a remark about Jewish survivors in Hungary, Albert Speer reported overhearing Göring say, "So, there are still some there? I thought we had knocked off all of them. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer ( 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981 was an Architect, author and for part of World Somebody slipped up again. "^[31] Despite his claims of non-involvement, he was confronted with orders he had signed for the murder of Jews and prisoners of war.

Though he defended himself vigorously, and actually appeared to be winning the trial early on (partly by building popularity with the audience by making jokes and finding holes in the prosecution's case) he was sentenced to death by hanging. The judgment stated that:^[32]

There is nothing to be said in mitigation. For Goering was often, indeed almost always, the moving force, second only to his leader. He was the leading war aggressor, both as political and as military leader; he was the director of the slave labour programme and the creator of the oppressive programme against the Jews and other races, at home and abroad. All of these crimes he has frankly admitted. On some specific cases there may be conflict of testimony, but in terms of the broad outline, his own admissions are more than sufficiently wide to be conclusive of his guilt. His guilt is unique in its enormity. The record discloses no excuses for this man.

Göring made an appeal, offering to accept the court's death sentence if he were shot as a soldier instead of hanged as a common criminal, but the court refused.

Defying the sentence imposed by his captors, he committed suicide with a potassium cyanide capsule the night before he was to be hanged. Potassium cyanide is an Inorganic compound with the formula KCN Where Göring obtained the cyanide, and how he concealed it during his entire imprisonment at Nuremberg, remains unknown. In the 1950s, Karl von Kaiser claimed that he had given Göring the cyanide shortly before Göring's death. However, this claim is usually dismissed. Later theories speculate that Göring befriended U. S. Army Lieutenant Jack G. "Tex" Wheelis, who was stationed at the Nuremberg Trials and helped Göring obtain cyanide which had been hidden among Göring's personal effects when they were confiscated by the Army. ^[33] In 2005, former U. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. Army Private Herbert Lee Stivers claimed he gave Göring "medicine" hidden inside a gift fountain pen from a German woman the private had met and flirted with. Stivers served in the 1st Infantry Division's 26th Regiment, who formed the honour guard for the Nuremberg Trials. The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army &mdashnicknamed “ The Big Red One ” after its Shoulder patch; and also nicknamed " The Fighting Stivers claims to have been unaware of what the "medicine" he delivered actually was until after Göring's death. After his death, Hermann Göring was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the Conwentzbach in Munich, which runs into the Isar river. Cremation is the act of reducing a Corpse by burning, generally in a crematorium furnace or crematory fire The Isar is a river in Tirol, Austria and Bavaria, Germany. Its source is in the Karwendel range of the Alps in Tirol

He and Alfred Rosenberg were born on the same day (12 January 1893), and had Göring not committed suicide the night before his planned execution, they would also have died on the same day. (12 January 1893 16 October 1946 was an early and intellectually influential member of the Nazi Party.

Relatives

Hermann Göring had an older brother Karl, who migrated to the U. S. Karl's son, Werner G. Göring, became a Captain in the Army Air Force and piloted B-17s on bombing missions over Europe. Capt Werner G Göring (also Goering in English to substitute the ö - umlaut) was the nephew of Nazi Reichsmarschall WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Hermann's younger brother Albert Göring was opposed to the Nazi regime, and helped Jews and dissidents in Germany during the Nazi era. Albert Göring (March 1895 - 1966 was a German Businessman, notable for helping Jews and Dissidents survive in Germany during World He is said to have forged Hermann's signature on transit papers to enable escapes, among other acts.

The official flags of Hermann Göring

When Göring was promoted to the unique rank of Reichsmarschall on 19 July 1940, he chose a personal flag, or standard, for himself. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The design in the centre of the left side displayed a German eagle embroidered in gold-yellow thread and clutching in its talons a gold swastika standing on its point. Set behind the swastika was a pair of crossed marshal's batons. The right side displayed in the centre a large black Iron Cross. It was the unique Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes that was bestowed on him by Hitler. Set in each of the four sections of the field was a gold-yellow Luftwaffe eagle and swastika. The basic field was light blue on both sides, which indicated that he was also the Commander-In-Chief of the German Air Force. In February 1941 he ordered the design modified to look more "fashionable". The standard was used for all purposes and was carried by a personal standard-bearer.

1. pattern (right side)	1. pattern (left side)	2. pattern (right side)	2. pattern (left side)
Standard, on display at the Musée de la Guerre in the Invalides

Quotations

Göring spoke about war and extreme nationalism to Captain Gilbert (see Nuremberg Diary):

Naturally the common people don't want war; neither in Russia, nor in England, nor in America, nor in Germany. Les Invalides in Paris, France, is a complex of buildings in the city's 7th arrondissement containing Museums and monuments all relating Nuremberg Diary (ISBN 0-306-80661-4 is Gustave Gilbert 's account of and interviews he conducted during the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi Leaders That is understood. But after all, it is the leaders of the country who determine policy, and it is always a simple matter to drag the people along, whether it is a democracy, or a fascist dictatorship, or a parliament, or a communist dictatorship. . . . Voice or no voice, the people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is to tell them they are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same in any country.

The famous quotation, "When I hear the word culture, I reach for my shotgun" is frequently attributed to Göring during the inter-war period. Whether or not he actually used this phrase, it did not originate with him. The line comes from Nazi playwright Hanns Johst's play Schlageter, "Wenn ich Kultur höre . A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. Hanns Johst ( July 8, 1890 – November 23, 1978) was a German playwright and Nazi Poet Laureate. . . entsichere ich meinen Browning," "Whenever I hear of culture. . . I release the safety-catch of my Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). Nor was Göring the only Nazi official to use this phrase: Rudolf Hess used it as well, and it was a popular cliché in Germany, often in the form: "Wenn ich 'Kultur' höre, nehme ich meine Pistole. Rudolf Walter Richard Hess ( Heß in German) (26 April 1894 &ndash 17 August 1987 was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany, acting as Adolf Hitler "

In film

• He has been portrayed by:
  • Curly Howard parodied Göring as "Field Marshal Curly Gallstone" - 1940, in the Three Stooges short You Nazty Spy!
  • Billy Gilbert parodied Göring as "Minister Herring" - 1940 - Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator
  • Jan Werich - 1949, Padeniye Berlina (both parts)
  • Hein Riess - 1969, Battle of Britain. Curly Howard ( October 22, 1903 – January 18, 1952) was a member of the American Slapstick comedy team the Three Stooges The year 1940 in film involved some significant events Events February 7 - Walt Disney 's animated Film The Three Stooges were an American Vaudeville and Comedy act of the early to mid–20th century best known for their numerous Short subject films You Nazty Spy! is the 44th Short subject starring American Slapstick comedy team the Three Stooges. Billy Gilbert ( September 12, 1894 - September 23, 1971) was an American Comedian and Actor most known for his The year 1940 in film involved some significant events Events February 7 - Walt Disney 's animated Film The Great Dictator is a Comedy film directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin. Jan Werich (ˈjan ˈvɛrɪx (born 6 February, 1905, Prague - died 31 October, 1980, Prague was a Czechoslovak The year 1949 in film involved some significant events Events Top grossing films (U The Fall of Berlin - 1945 is a Soviet propaganda documentary film about the Battle of Berlin. The year 1969 in film involved some significant events Events Cannes Film Festival opens but closes in support WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
  • Barry Primus - 1971, Von Richthofen and Brown. Barry Primus (born February 16 1938) is an American Television and Film actor The year 1971 in film involved some significant events Events February 8 - Bob Dylan 's hour long documentary Von Richthofen and Brown, also known as The Red Baron is a 1971 film directed by Roger Corman.
  • David King - 1981 The Bunker (television movie). David King may refer to David King (figure skater, British figure skater David King (musician, American drummer and composer Events January 19 - Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer acquires beleaguered concurrent United Artists. The Bunker is a 1981 CBS Television film based on the book of the same name.
  • Reinhard Kolldehoff - 1983 The Winds of War (television miniseries). Events February 11 - The Rolling Stones concert film Let's Spend the Night Together opens in New York The Winds of War was best-selling novellist Herman Wouk 's second book about World War II, the first being The Caine Mutiny (1951 A miniseries (also mini-series) in a serial Storytelling medium is a production which tells a story in a pre-planned limited number of episodes
  • Joss Ackland - 1988 The Man Who Lived at the Ritz (television movie). Sidney Edmond Jocelyn Ackland CBE (born February 29 1928) known as Joss Ackland, is an English Actor who has appeared Events Michael Jackson 's first film was Moonwalker Top grossing films (U
  • Volker Spengler - 1996, The Ogre, directed by Volker Schlöndorff, also starring John Malkovich. Volker Spengler is an Actor from Bremen, Germany, and is well-known as one of Rainer Werner Fassbinder 's key collaborators The year 1996 in film involved some significant events Major releases this year included Fargo, Trainspotting, The English Patient The Ogre ( Der Unhold) is a 1996 film based on the 1970 novel by Michel Tournier, Le Roi des aulnes ( The Ogre Volker Schlöndorff (born in Wiesbaden, Germany on March 31, 1939) is a Berlin -based German filmmaker John Gavin Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an Emmy Award -winning two-time Academy Award -nominated American Actor
  • Glenn Shadix - 1996, The Empty Mirror. William Glenn Shadix (born April 15, 1952) is an American Actor, known for his role as “Otho” in Tim Burton ’s horror/comedy The Empty Mirror is a 1996 Film set in a world where Adolf Hitler and his cadre of closest followers survived the fall of Nazi Germany.
  • Brian Cox - 2000, Nuremberg (television movie), also starring Alec Baldwin and Jill Hennessy. Brian Denis Cox, CBE (born June 1, 1946) is a BAFTA - and Emmy Award -winning Golden Globe -nominated British The year 2000 in film involved some significant events Events Top grossing films Please note that following the tradition of the Nuremberg is a Canadian / United States television docudrama based on the book Nuremberg Infamy on Trial by Joseph E Alexander Rae "Alec" Baldwin III (born April 3 1958 is an Academy Award -nominated and Emmy - and Golden Globe Award -winning American Jillian Noel Hennessy (born November 25, 1968) is a Canadian actress, known for her Television roles on Law & Order
  • Chris Larkin - 2003, Hitler: The Rise of Evil (television movie). Chris Larkin (born 19 June 1967) is an English Actor. He was born Christopher Stephens in the Middlesex Hospital in The year 2003 in film involved some significant events Releases of sequels took place with movies like 2 Fast 2 Furious, The Lord of the Rings The Return Hitler The Rise of Evil is a TV Miniseries that aired in two parts in May 2003 on CBS, and was produced by Alliance Atlantis
  • Mathias Gnädinger - 2004, Der Untergang. The year 2004 in film involved some significant events Major releases of sequels took place Downfall ( Der Untergang) is a 2004 German / Austrian Drama film depicting the final twelve days of Adolf Hitler
  • Hannes Hellmann - 2006, Nuremberg: Goering's Last Stand. The year 2006 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 2006.
  • Robert Pugh in the 2006 BBC docudrama Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial

Footage of Göring has been included in many films, notably in the 1935 Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl. Robert Pugh (born 1950) is a Welsh Film and Television Actor. A Docudrama is a Dramatization of actual historical events Generalities Docudramas tend to demonstrate some or most of the following characteristics Nuremberg Nazis on Trial, is a BBC Documentary film series consisting of three one-hour films that re-enact the Nuremberg War Trials Events Judy Garland signs a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens is a propagandistic Documentary film by the German filmmaker Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl ( August 22 1902 – September 8 2003) was a German Film director See his page at IMDb [1].

In addition to film, 'Fatso' Göring was also portrayed as the antagonist opposite of Bugs Bunny in the Merrie Melody cartoon "Herr meets Hare", directed in 1945 by Friz Freleng.

In fiction

• In Frederic Raphael's The Glittering Prizes Adam Morris' roommate Donald Donaldson tells the group of friends that his uncle once went hunting with Göring, and that the uncle actually liked him. Frederic Michael Raphael (born 1931 in Chicago is an American-born British-educated Screenwriter, and also a prolific Novelist and Journalist.

• In Philip José Farmer's Riverworld, where all humanity is reincarnated, Göring repents his crimes and becomes a missionary for the pacifist Church of the Second Chance. Philip José Farmer (born January 26 1918) is an American Author, principally known for his Science fiction and fantasy Riverworld is a Fictional universe and the setting for a series of Science fiction Books written by Philip José Farmer. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes.

• In Eric Koch's C. R. U. P. P-novels the protagonist is a former assistant of Hermann Göring.

• Philip K. Dick's 1962 science fiction alternate history novel The Man in the High Castle mentions Göring, who, by 1962 is aging, morbidly obese, and the subject of much rumor and speculation regarding his indulgent lifestyle (which is seen by some as akin to that of a corrupt Roman emperor). Philip Kindred Dick (December 16 – March 2) was an American Science fiction Novelist and Short story Writer. Alternate history or alternative history is a subgenre of Speculative fiction (or Science fiction) and Historical fiction The Man in the High Castle is a 1962 Alternate history Novel by Science fiction writer Philip K A rumour or rumor (see spelling differences) is often viewed as "an unverified account or explanation of events circulating from person to person and The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC He resides in his large estate within the Alps. Göring also appears as a character in Dick's 1964 novel The Simulacra, which is set in a fictional America of the late 21st century. The Simulacra is a 1964 Science fiction Novel by Philip K Dick. A time machine is used to pluck Göring out of 1944 and deposit him in the novel's "present" (his and our future). This article details time travel itself For other uses see Time Traveler.

• Neal Stephenson's 1999 novel Cryptonomicon includes a florid portrait of the Reichsmarschall. Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer known primarily for his Science fiction works in the Postcyberpunk genre Cryptonomicon is a 1999 novel by Neal Stephenson. It concurrently follows the exploits of World War II -era Cryptographers affiliated with

• Göring, along with Adolf Hitler, was an early foe of Captain America. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately

• Göring is represented by the character Emmanuel Giri in The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui by Bertolt Brecht. The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (original German title) is a play by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, originally written in (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. The play is a parody of the rise of Hitler, largely written in exile (1941), with various scenes added afterwards. It has been translated into English by Ralph Manheim and published by Methuen modern plays. Ralph Manheim ( 4 April 1907 - 26 September 1992) was an American Translator of German and French literature Methuen Publishing Ltd is a British Publishing house and publishes in the areas of Theatre and Drama.

• More humorously, the character of "General Hering" stands in for Göring in Charlie Chaplin's 1940 film The Great Dictator. The Great Dictator is a Comedy film directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin.

• In the BBC sci-fi comedy Red Dwarf, Göring is denounced on multiple occasions. According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a red dwarf star is a small and relatively cool Star, of the Main sequence, either late K

• In The Winds of War, the pre-war half of Herman Wouk's pair of epic World War Two historical novels, the main character, a naval attaché in 1939 Berlin, attends a party at Carinhall and translates during a meeting between a secret American envoy, Göring, Ribbentrop and Hitler. The Winds of War was best-selling novellist Herman Wouk 's second book about World War II, the first being The Caine Mutiny (1951 Herman Wouk ( "woke" born May 27, 1915) is a bestselling American Author with a number of notable Novels to his An historical novel is a Novel in which the story is set among historical events or more generally in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the Author Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946 was Foreign Minister of Germany from 1938 until 1945 Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Göring is described as grotesquely obese and dressed in ludicrous jewels and finery. Hitler is also described playing with Göring's young daughter before the meeting.

• In the Bugs Bunny cartoon "Herr Meets Hare", Hermann Göring was depicted as a hunter trying to kill Bugs Bunny. Herr Meets Hare is a 1945 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. Bugs tricks him by dressing up as Adolf Hitler in one scene.

• The Daily Show in one sketch stated that the Republicans defeat in the 2006 Congressional elections was due to a number of Congressional scandals, including one GOP Congressmen actually having been discovered to be Hermann Göring. The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show

• At the beginning of the episode of the Donald Duck cartoon Der Fuehrer's Face, Göring is marching in a procession with other Nazi figures in a dream sequence. Donald Duck is a cartoon character from The Walt Disney Company. Der Fuehrer's Face is a 1943 Animated cartoon by the Walt Disney Studios, starring Donald Duck.

• In A Matter of Honour by Jeffrey Archer, Hermann Göring's suicide is the cause of Adam Scott's father's downfall, as he was guarding Göring at the time. A Matter of Honour is a novel by Jeffrey Archer, first published in 1986 Jeffrey Howard Archer Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare (born 15 April 1940 is an English Author and former Politician. He is also the one who left the Czar's Icon to Scott.

• In the show Hogan's Heroes in one episode Sergeant Schultz, dresses as Göring.

• In Upton Sinclair's "Lanny Budd" series, Hermann Göring makes numerable appearances, along with Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Upton Beall Sinclair Jr ( September 20, 1878 &ndash November 25, 1968) was a Pulitzer Upton Beall Sinclair Jr ( September 20, 1878 &ndash November 25, 1968) was a Pulitzer

Books about Göring

• Frischauer, Willi (1951). The Rise and Fall of Hermann Goering. Ballantine Books.  
• Excerpt from Germany Reborn, by Hermann Göring, 1934
• Leffland, Ella (1990). The Knight, Death and the Devil. New York: Morrow. ISBN 0688058361.  

• Irving, David (1989). David John Cawdell Irving (born 24 March 1938 is a British writer specializing in the Military history of World War II. Göring, a biography. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-06606-2.  

• Manvell, Roger; Heinrich Fraenkel (2005). Goering. London UK: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1853676128.  
• Maser, Werner (2000). Hitlers janusköpfiger Paladin: die politische Biographie. ISBN 38-6124-509-4.  
• Mosley, Leonard (1974). The Reich Marshal: A Biography of Hermann Goering. New York: Dell.  
• Overy, Richard J. (1984). Goering: The Iron Man. London: Routledge.  

References

• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945. Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas, 2000. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
• Fest, Joachim. Inside Hitler's Bunker, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2002 ISBN 0374135770
• Gilbert, Gustave. Nuremberg Diary New York: Farrar, Straus and Company, 1947, ISBN 0306806614, p. 278-279.
• Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank; Guest, Russell. Above the Lines: A Complete Record of the Fighter aces of the German Air service 1914-18, page 117.

External links

• TRIAL: Göring trial
• "The Iron Knight"
• Göring’s last prison interview he gave to US Army Intelligence before the Nuremberg Trials published by World War II Magazine
• Germany Reborn by Hermann Goring
• Hermann Göring's last letter to Winston Churchill

Preceded by Hans Ulrich Klintzsche	Leader of the SA 1923	Vacant Title next held by Franz Pfeffer von Salomon
Military offices
New title Luftwaffe re-established	Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945	Succeeded by Robert Ritter von Greim
Political offices
Preceded by Franz von Papen (Reichskomissar)	Prime Minister of Prussia 1933–1945	Prussia abolished

Persondata
NAME	Göring, Hermann Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Goering, Hermann Wilhelm
SHORT DESCRIPTION	German politician and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, and commander of the Luftwaffe
DATE OF BIRTH	January 12, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH	Marienbad, near Rosenheim, Bavaria
DATE OF DEATH	October 15, 1946
PLACE OF DEATH	Nuremberg

Hans Ulrich Klintzsch was an ex-naval lieutenant from the Erhardt Brigade who served as leader of the Oberste SA-Führer from 1921 until May 11, 1923 Leadership ranks of the Sturmabteilung were the titles and positions held by the commanders of the Sturmabteilung (SA of the Nazi Party between Franz Pfeffer von Salomon ( February 19, 1888 in Düsseldorf - April 12, 1968 in Munich) was the first commander of the Robert Ritter von Greim (Robert Greim 22 June, 1892 &ndash 24 May, 1945) was a German Field Marshal, pilot (29 October 1879 2 May 1969 was a German nobleman Catholic monarchist Politician, General Staff officer and Diplomat Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rosenheim is a town in Bavaria ( Germany) at the confluence of the rivers Inn and Mangfall Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

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