The Hereford Mappa Mundi is a T and O map derivate, dating to ca. Hereford ( ˈhɛrɨfəd is a city, Civil parish and County town of Herefordshire, England. Mappa mundi {{IPA|/ˈmapːa ˈmʊndiː/}} (plural = mappae mundi) is a general term used to describe Medieval European maps of the world A T and O map or O-T or T-O map ( orbis terrae, orb or circle of the earth is a type of Medieval World map, sometimes also called 1300. It is currently on display in Hereford Cathedral in England. The current Hereford Cathedral, located at Hereford in England, dates from 1079 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
The map is signed by or attributed to one "Richard of Haldingham and Lafford", also known as Richard de Bello, "prebend of Lafford in Lincoln Cathedral". Sleaford is a town within the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Drawn on a single sheet of vellum, it measures 158 cm by 133 cm, and is the largest medieval map currently in existence. Vellum (from the Old French Vélin for "calfskin" is mammal skin prepared for writing or printing on single pages scrolls codices or books The writing is in black ink, with additional red and gold, and blue or green for water [with the Red Sea (8) coloured red]. The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia.
Jerusalem is drawn at the centre of the circle, East is on top, showing the Garden of Eden in a circle at the edge of the world (1). Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST internal designation HT-7U is an experimental Superconducting Tokamak Magnetic fusion energy Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, Great Britain and Ireland are drawn at the north-western border (bottom left, 22, 23, 24). See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Curiously, the labels for Africa and Europe are reversed, with Europe scribed in red and gold as 'Africa', and vice-versa.
The map is based on traditional accounts and earlier maps such as the one of the Beatus of Liébana codex, and is very similar to the Ebstorf map, the Psalter map, and the Sawley (erroneously for considerable time called "Henry of Mainz") map; it does not correspond to the geographical knowledge of the 1300s. Saint Beatus of Liébana (c 730 - c 800 was a Monk, Theologian and Geographer from the Kingdom of Asturias, in northern Spain who worked The Ebstorf Map is an example of a Mappa mundi (a Medieval European map of the world similar to the Hereford Map, made by Gervase of Tilbury Note, for example, that the Caspian Sea (5) connects to the encircling Ocean (upper left). The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. This is in spite of William of Rubruk's having reported it to be landlocked in 1255, i. William of Rubruck (c 1220 in Rubrouck Flanders - c 1293 was a Flemish Franciscan missionary and explorer e. several decades before the map's creation; see also Portolan chart. A portolan (derived from the Latin word portus, port is an early modern European navigation chart, dating from the Thirteenth century or later
The "T and O" shape, does not imply that its creators believed in a flat Earth. The idea of a flat Earth is the idea that the surface of the Earth is flat (a plane) rather than the view that it is a very close approximation of The spherical shape of the Earth was already known to the ancient Greeks and Romans and the idea was never entirely forgotten even in the Middle Ages, and thus the circular representation may well be considered a conventional attempt at a projection: in spite of the acceptance of a spherical Earth, only the known parts of the northern hemisphere were believed to be inhabitable by human beings (see antipodes), so that the circular representation remained adequate. The concept of a spherical Earth dates back to around the 6th century BC in ancient Greek philosophy and possibly ancient Indian philosophy. Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean A map projection is any method of representing the Surface of a sphere or other shape on a plane. The antipodes refer to lands and peoples located on the opposite side of the World compared to the speaker The long river on the far right is the River Nile, too (12), and the T shape is established by the Mediterranean (19-21-25) and the rivers Don (13) and Nile (16). It is the first map to mention the Faroe Islands. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse
Locations
0 - At the center of the map: Jerusalem, above it: the crucifix.
1 - The Paradise, surrounded by a wall and a ring of fire.
2 - The Ganges and its delta.
3 - The fabulous Island of Taphana, sometimes interpreted as Sri Lanka or Sumatra.
4 - Rivers Indus and Tigris.
5 - The Caspian Sea, and the land of Gog and Magog
6 - Babylon and the Euphrat.
7 - The Persian Gulf.
8 - The Red Sea (painted in Red).
9 - Noah's Ark.
10 - The Dead Sea, Sodom and Gomorrha, with River Jordan, coming from Sea of Galiliee; above: Lot's wife.
11 - Egypt with the River Nile.
12 - River Nile [?], or possibly an allusion to the equatorial Ocean; far outside: a land of mutants, possibly the Antipodes.
13 - The Azov Sea with Rivers Don and Dnjepr; above: the Golden Fleece.
14 - Constantinoples; left of it the Danube's delta.
15 - The Aegean Sea.
16 - Oversized delta of the Nile with Alexandria's Lighthouse.
17 - The legendary Norwegian, Gansmir, with his skis and ski pole.
18 - Greece with Mt. Olymp, Athens and Corinth
19 - Misplaced Crete with Minotaur's circular labyrinth.
20 - The Adriatic Sea; Italy with Rome, honored by a popular hexameter: Roma caput mundi tenet orbis frena rotundi [Rome, the head, holds the reins of the world].
21 - Sicily, and Carthage, opposing Rome, right of it.
22 - Scotland.
23 - England.
24 - Ireland.
25 - The Baleares.
26 - The Strait of Gibraltar (the Pillars of Hercules).
See also
External links
The current Hereford Cathedral, located at Hereford in England, dates from 1079 Mappa mundi {{IPA|/ˈmapːa ˈmʊndiː/}} (plural = mappae mundi) is a general term used to describe Medieval European maps of the world Early world maps cover depictions of the World from Classical times to the Age of Discovery and the emergence of modern Geography ( 6th century BCDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic