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Herbert von Karajan (April 5, 1908 – July 16, 1989) was an Austrian orchestra and opera conductor, one of the most renowned 20th century conductors. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures His obituary in the New York Times described him as "probably the world's best-known conductor and one of the most powerful figures in classical music. "[1] Karajan conducted the Berlin Philharmonic for thirty-five years. The Berlin Philharmonic (in German: Die Berliner Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra based in Berlin, Germany. He is the top-selling classical music recording artist of all time, estimated at 200 million records sold. [2]

Contents

Biography

Genealogy

Herbert von Karajan was the son of an upper-bourgeois Salzburg family. The Karajan family is said to have originally been Aromanian (Vlach)[3][4] or Greek, from the region of Macedonia[5][6] . Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Macedonia is a Geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century His great-great-grandfather, Georg Johannes Karajanis was born in Kozani, a town in the Ottoman province of Rumelia (present West Macedonia in Greece), leaving for Vienna in 1767, and eventually Chemnitz, Saxony. Kozani (Κοζάνη is a city in northern Greece, capital of Kozani Prefecture and of West Macedonia Periphery. The subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire were Administrative divisions of the State organisation of the Ottoman Empire based on military administration but Rumelia or Rumeli ( Turkish: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Greek" "Roman" and El West Macedonia is one of the thirteen peripheries of Greece, consisting of the western part of the region of Macedonia. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Chemnitz (1953–1990 Karl-Marx-Stadt ( Sorbian:Kamjenica is a City in Eastern Germany. The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. [7][8] He and his brother participated in the establishment of Saxony's cloth industry, and both were ennobled for their services by Frederick Augustus III on June 1, 1792, thus the prefix "von" to the family name. For the king of Poland see Augustus I of Poland Frederick Augustus I (full name Frederick Augustus Joseph Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys Xavier) (Friedrich Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In German, von is a Preposition which approximately means of or from. The Karajanis name became Karajan. [9] Herbert's family from the maternal side, through his grandfather who was born in the village of Mojstrana, Duchy of Carinthia (today in Slovenia), had Slovene origins according to a modern genealogical research, thus contrasting with the traditional view which expressed a Serbian or simply a Slavic origin of his mother. Mojstrana is a village in the municipality of Kranjska Gora in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia located in the Upper Sava Valley at The Duchy of Carinthia (Herzogtum Kärnten Vojvodina Koroška was a Duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Slovenes or Slovenians ( Slovene Slovenci, dual Slovenca, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenke, dual Slovenki Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country [10]

Early years

Karajan was born in Salzburg, Austria as Heribert Ritter von Karajan. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich [11] He was a child prodigy in piano. [12] From 1916 to 1926, he studied at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, where he was encouraged to study conducting. In Salzburg, the Universität Mozarteum Salzburg, the University of Music and Dramatic Arts Mozarteum Salzburg honours the Austrian city's most famous son

In 1929, he conducted Salome at the Festspielhaus in Salzburg, and from 1929 to 1934, Karajan served as first Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater in Ulm. Salome is an Opera in one act by Richard Strauss to a German Libretto by the composer based on Hedwig Lachmann ’s German Kapellmeister (kəˈpɛlˌmaɪstər is a German word designating a person in charge of music-making Ulm (ˈʊlm is a City in the German Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. In 1933, Karajan made his conducting debut at the Salzburg Festival with the Walpurgisnacht Scene in Max Reinhardt's production of Faust. The Salzburg Festival (Salzburger Festspiele is a prominent festival of Music and Drama. Max Reinhardt ( September 9, 1873 - October 30, 1943) was an Austrian (later naturalised American) theatre and film Faust or Faustus ( Latin for "auspicious" or "lucky" is the protagonist of a classic German Legend in which he makes The following year, and again in Salzburg, Karajan led the Vienna Philharmonic for the first time, and from 1934 to 1941, Karajan conducted opera and symphony concerts at the Aachen opera house. The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto A symphony is a Musical composition, often extended and usually for Orchestra. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French,

In 1935, Karajan's career was given a significant boost when he was appointed Germany's youngest Generalmusikdirektor and was a guest conductor in Bucharest, Brussels, Stockholm, Amsterdam, and Paris [3] [13]. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Moreover, in 1937, Karajan made his debut with the Berlin Philharmonic and the Berlin State Opera with Fidelio. Staatsoper Unter den Linden ( Berlin State Opera) is a prominent German Opera company Fidelio (Op 72 is an Opera in two acts by Ludwig van Beethoven. He enjoyed a major success in the State Opera with Tristan und Isolde and in 1938, his performance of the opera was hailed by a Berlin critic as Das Wunder Karajan (The Karajan miracle), claiming that his "success with Wagner's demanding work Tristan und Isolde sets himself alongside Furtwängler and de Sabata, the greatest opera conductors in Germany at the present time". Tristan und Isolde ( Tristan and Isolde, or Tristan and Isolda) is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Wilhelm Furtwängler (January 25 1886 &ndash November 30 1954 was a Victor de Sabata ( April 10, 1892 - December 11, 1967) was an Italian conductor and Composer. [14] Receiving a contract with Deutsche Grammophon that same year, Karajan made the first of numerous recordings by conducting the Staatskapelle Berlin in the overture to Die Zauberflöte. Deutsche Grammophon is a German classical Record label. The company has long been known for its high standards of audio fidelity. The Staatskapelle Berlin is the orchestra of the Berlin State Opera (Berliner Staatsoper Unter den Linden The Magic Flute (German Die Zauberflöte, K 620 is an Opera in two acts composed in 1791 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart On July 26, 1938, he married his first wife, operetta singer Elmy Holgerloef. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They would divorce in 1942.

Adolf Hitler did not appreciate Von Karajan's performance of Die Meistersinger June 2, 1939 according to Winifred Wagner because Karajan, who was conducting without a score, lost his way, the singers halted and the curtain was rung down in confusion. Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (The Mastersingers of Nuremberg) is an Opera in three acts written and composed by Richard Wagner Winifred Wagner ( June 23, 1897 - March 5, 1980) was an Englishwoman and wife of Siegfried Wagner, Richard Wagner 's son [15] According to Winifred Wagner Hitler decided that Von Karajan was not ever to conduct at the annual Bayreuth festival. Winifred Wagner ( June 23, 1897 - March 5, 1980) was an Englishwoman and wife of Siegfried Wagner, Richard Wagner 's son Bayreuth ( pronounced) is a City in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Frankish Alb However as a favourite of Hermann Göring he would continue his work as conductor of the Staatskapelle (1941-1945), the orchestra of the Berlin State Opera, where he would accompany about 150 opera performances in total. Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (12 January 1893 15 October 1946 was a German Politician, Military leader and a leading member Staatsoper Unter den Linden ( Berlin State Opera) is a prominent German Opera company

On October 22, 1942 at the height of the war, Karajan married his second wife, Anna Maria "Anita" Sauest, née Gütermann, the daughter of a well-known sewing machine magnate, and who, having a Jewish grandfather, was considered Vierteljüdin (one-quarter Jewish). Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. By 1944, Karajan was, by his own account, losing favor with the Nazi leaders, but he still conducted concerts in wartime Berlin on February 18, 1945 and fled Germany with Anita for Milan a short time later. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar [16] Karajan and Anita divorced in 1958.

Karajan was discharged by the Austrian denazification examining board on March 18, 1946 and resumed his conducting career shortly thereafter. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [17]

Postwar years

In 1946, Karajan gave his first post-war concert, in Vienna with the Vienna Philharmonic, but he was banned from further conducting activities by the Soviet occupation authorities because of his Nazi party membership. That summer, he participated anonymously in the Salzburg Festival. The following year, he was allowed to resume conducting.

In 1948, Karajan became artistic director of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna. He also conducted at La Scala in Milan. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was However, his most prominent activity at this time was recording with the newly-formed Philharmonia Orchestra in London, helping to build them into one of the world's finest. The Philharmonia is an Orchestra based in London. Since 1995 it has been based in the Royal Festival Hall. Starting from this year, Karajan began lifetime long attendance of the Lucerne Festival[18].

In 1951 and 1952, he conducted again at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. Bayreuthfestjpg|thumb|350px|right|Bayreuth Festspielhaus as seen in 1882

In 1955, he was appointed music director for life of the Berlin Philharmonic as successor to Wilhelm Furtwängler. The title of music director or musical director is used by many Symphony orchestras to designate the primary conductor and artistic leader of the orchestra WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Wilhelm Furtwängler (January 25 1886 &ndash November 30 1954 was a From 1957 to 1964, he was artistic director of the Vienna State Opera. The Vienna State Opera ( Wiener Staatsoper) located in Vienna, Austria, is one of the most important Opera houses - and opera companies - in He was closely involved with the Vienna Philharmonic and the Salzburg Festival, where he initiated the Easter Festival, which would remain tied to the Berlin Philharmonic's Music Director after his tenure. The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the The Salzburg Festival (Salzburger Festspiele is a prominent festival of Music and Drama.

On October 22, 1958, he married, as his third wife, model Eliette Mouret. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They became parents of two daughters, Isabelle and Arabelle.

He continued to perform, conduct and record prolifically until his death in Anif[1] in 1989, mainly with the Vienna Philharmonic and the Berlin Philharmonic. Anif is a small municipality with 4300 inhabitants located south of Salzburg in the state of Salzburg, Austria.

Karajan and the compact disc

Karajan played an important role in the development of the original compact disc digital audio format. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio He championed this new consumer playback technology, lent his prestige to it, and appeared at the first press conference announcing the format. The maximum playing time of CD prototypes was sixty minutes, but the final specification enlarged the disc size and extended the capacity to seventy-four minutes. There is a story that this was due to Karajan's insistence that the format have sufficient capacity to contain Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on a single disc. The Symphony No 9 in D minor Op 125 "Choral" is the last complete Symphony composed by Ludwig van Beethoven. Snopes says the truth of the story is undetermined[19], and a research engineer for the AES has written that "There were. Snopes (ˈsnoʊps also known as the Urban Legends Reference Pages, is a Web site that is the most widely-known resource for validating or debunking Urban legends . . stories about it having something to do with the length of Beethoven's 9th Symphony. . . but you should not believe them. "[20]

Nazi membership

Karajan joined the Nazi Party in Salzburg at April 8, 1933; his membership number was 1. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 607. 525. In June the Nazi Party was forbidden by law of the Austrian government. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 However, Karajan's membership was valid until 1939. In this year the former Austrian members were verified by the general office of the Nazi Party. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Karajan's membership was declared invalid, but his accession date was retroactively determined to be May 1, 1933 in Ulm, and his membership number 3,430,914. [21] [22]

Karajan's membership in the Nazi Party and increasingly prominent career in Germany from 1933 to 1945 cast him in an uncomplimentary light after the war. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 While Karajan's defenders have argued that he joined the Nazis only to advance his own career, his critics have pointed out that other prominent conductors, such as Bruno Walter, Erich Kleiber and Arturo Toscanini, fled from fascist Europe at the time. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Bruno Walter ( September 15, 1876 &ndash February Erich Kleiber ( August 5, 1890 &ndash January 27, 1956) was an Austrian born conductor. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Arturo Toscanini (ɑrˈturɔ ˌtɔskɑˈnini (March 25 1867 &ndash January However, British music critic Richard Osborne argues that among the many well-known conductors who worked in Germany throughout the war years—a list that includes Wilhelm Furtwängler, Ernest Ansermet, Carl Schuricht, Karl Böhm, Hans Knappertsbusch, Clemens Krauss and Karl Elmendorff—Karajan was in fact one of the youngest and least advanced in his career. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Wilhelm Furtwängler (January 25 1886 &ndash November 30 1954 was a Ernest Alexandre Ansermet ( November 11, 1883 &ndash February 20, 1969) was a Swiss conductor. Carl Adolph Schuricht ( July 3, 1880 &ndash January, 1967 was a German conductor. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Karl August Leopold Böhm ( August 28, 1894 &ndash WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Hans Knappertsbusch ( March 12, 1888 &ndash October WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Clemens Heinrich Krauss ( March 31, 1893 &ndash WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Karl Eduard Maria Elmendorff ( October 25 1891 &ndash [23]

Some have argued that careerism could not have been Karajan's sole motivation, since he first joined the Nazi Party in 1933 in Salzburg, Austria, five years before the Anschluss. The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi In The Cultural Cold War, published in Britain as Who Paid the Piper?, Frances Stonor Saunders noted that Karajan "had been a party member since 1933, and opened his concerts with the Nazi favourite 'Horst Wessel Lied. Frances Stonor Saunders (born 1966 is a British journalist and historian The Horst-Wessel-Lied ("Horst Wessel Song" also known as Die Fahne hoch ("The flag on high" from its opening line was the anthem of the '" In addition, although he notoriously did open a Paris concert with the Horst Wessel Lied, he had a history of avoiding political or nationalistic gestures at performances wherever possible.

Musicians such as Isaac Stern, Arthur Rubinstein, and Itzhak Perlman refused to play in concerts with Karajan because of his Nazi past. Isaac Stern ( July 21, 1920 &ndash September 22, 2001) was an American Violin Virtuoso. Arthur Rubinstein KBE ( January 28 1887 &ndash December 20 1982) was a Polish - American pianist who is widely Itzhak Perlman (born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli American Violin Virtuoso, conductor, and Pedagogue Richard Tucker also pulled out from a 1956 recording of Il trovatore when he learned that von Karajan would be conducting. Richard Tucker ( August 28, 1913 &ndash January 8, 1975) was an American operatic Tenor. Il trovatore ( The Troubadour) is an Opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian Libretto by Leone Emanuele Bardare Some have questioned whether Karajan was committed to the Nazi cause given the fact of his marriage in 1942 to Anita Guetermann, partly of Jewish origin. Evidence suggests that he received several threats to his career as a result of the engagement, and had attempted resignation from the Nazi Party when questioned about it.

Musicianship

There is widespread agreement that Herbert von Karajan had a special gift for extracting beautiful sounds from an orchestra. Opinion varies concerning the greater aesthetic ends to which The Karajan Sound was applied. The American critic Harvey Sachs criticized the Karajan approach as follows:

Karajan seemed to have opted instead for an all-purpose, highly refined, lacquered, calculatedly voluptuous sound that could be applied, with the stylistic modifications he deemed appropriate, to Bach and Puccini, Mozart and Mahler, Beethoven and Wagner, Schumann and Stravinsky. Harvey Sachs, (born June 8 1946 is an American - Canadian writer who has written many books on musical subjects . . many of his performances had a prefabricated, artificial quality that those of Toscanini, Furtwängler, and others never had. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Arturo Toscanini (ɑrˈturɔ ˌtɔskɑˈnini (March 25 1867 &ndash January WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Wilhelm Furtwängler (January 25 1886 &ndash November 30 1954 was a . . most of Karajan's records are exaggeratedly polished, a sort of sonic counterpart to the films and photographs of Leni Riefenstahl. Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl ( August 22 1902 – September 8 2003) was a German Film director

However, it has been argued by commentator Jim Svejda and others that Karajan's pre-1970 manner did not seem as calculatedly polished as it is later alleged to have become. Jim Svejda (1947- is a music commentator and critic on the FM radio station KUSC.

Two reviews from the Penguin Guide to Compact Discs can be quoted to illustrate the point. The Penguin Guide To Compact Discs (latterly The Penguin Guide To Compact Discs and DVDs) is a widely-distributed annual publication from Britain reviewing many recordings

The same Penguin Guide does nevertheless give the highest compliments to von Karajan's recordings of the selfsame Haydn's two oratorios, The Creation and The Seasons. The Creation (Die Schöpfung is an Oratorio written between 1796 and 1798 by Joseph Haydn ( H [25]

Regarding twentieth century music, Karajan had a strong preference for conducting and recording pre-1945 works (Mahler, Schoenberg, Berg, Webern, Bartók, Sibelius, Richard Strauss, Puccini, Ildebrando Pizzetti, Arthur Honegger, Prokofiev, Debussy, Ravel, Paul Hindemith, Carl Nielsen and Stravinsky), but also did record Shostakovich's Symphony No. In the broadest and popular sense Contemporary music is any music being written in the present day Arnold Schoenberg ( pronounced ˈʃøːnbɛrk (13 September 1874 &ndash 13 July 1951 was an Austrian and later American Composer, associated with Alban Maria Johannes Berg (February 9 1885 &ndash December 24 1935 was an Austrian Composer. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Anton Webern (December 3 1883 &ndash September 15 1945 was an Austrian Composer Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25 1881&ndashSeptember 26 1945 was a Hungarian Composer and Pianist, considered to be one of the greatest Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 &ndash 8 September 1949 was a German Composer of the late Romantic era and early modern era particularly noted WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini ( December 22, 1858 Ildebrando Pizzetti ( Parma, September 20, 1880; Rome, February 13, 1968) was an Italian Composer Arthur Honegger (March 10 1892 &ndash November 27 1955 was a Swiss Composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (Серге́й Серге́евич Проко́фьев Sergéj Sergéjevič Prokófjev) ( - 5 March 1953 was a Russian composer who Achille-Claude Debussy (aʃil klod dəbysi (August 22 1862 &ndash March 25 1918 was a French Composer. Paul Hindemith (16 November 1895 &ndash 28 December 1963 was a German Composer, Violist, violinist teacher music theorist and conductor. Carl August Nielsen (9 June 1865 &ndash 3 October 1931 was a conductor, Violinist, and Composer from Denmark. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich ( Russian: ru Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович ( &ndash 9 August 1975 was a Russian Composer 10 (1953) twice, and did premiere Carl Orff's "De Temporum Fine Comoedia" in 1973. Carl Orff ( &ndash) was a 20th-century German Composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937

Professional behavior

Some critics, particularly British critic Norman Lebrecht, charged Karajan with initiating a devastating inflationary spiral in performance fees. Norman Lebrecht (born 11 July, 1948) is a British commentator on music and cultural affairs and also a novelist During his tenure as director of publicly-funded performing organizations such as the Vienna Philharmonic, the Berlin Philharmonic, and the Salzburg Festival, he started paying guest stars exorbitantly, as well as ratcheting up his own remuneration:

Once he possessed orchestras he could have them produce discs, taking the vulture's share of royalties for himself and rerecording favorite pieces for every new technology: digital LPs, CD, videotape, laserdisc. The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the The Berlin Philharmonic (in German: Die Berliner Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra based in Berlin, Germany. The Salzburg Festival (Salzburger Festspiele is a prominent festival of Music and Drama. In addition to making it difficult for other conductors to record with his orchestras, von Karajan also drove up the prices that he would be paid and thus other conductors wanted. [26]

During a recording session of the Beethoven Triple Concerto with David Oistrakh, Sviatoslav Richter and Mstislav Rostropovich, pianist Richter demanded an extra take, to which Karajan replied "No, no, we haven't got time, we've still got to do the photographs. Ludwig van Beethoven 's Concerto for Violin Cello and Piano in C major Op David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (Russian Давид Фёдорович Ойстрах) David Fiodorovič Ojstrah; &ndash October 24, 1974 Sviatoslav Teofilovich Richter (Святосла́в Теофи́лович Рихтер Svjatoslav Teofilovič Rikhter) ( &ndash August 1, 1997) was WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich KBE ( Russian: Мстисла́в "[27] This did not prevent violinist Oistrakh from saying, when Karajan turned 65, that he was "the greatest living conductor, a master in every style. "

Awards

Karajan was the recipient of many honours and awards. On 21st June 1978, he received the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Music from Oxford University. [28] He was honored by the “Médaille de Vermeil” in Paris, the Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society in London, the Olympia Award of the Onassis Foundation in Athens and the UNESCO International Music Prize. He received two Gramophone awards for recordings of Mahler’s Ninth Symphony and the complete Parsifal recordings in 1981. After his death, the Herbert von Karajan award was founded in his honour; in 2003 Anne-Sophie Mutter who had made her debut with Karajan in 1977, became the first recipient of this award. [29]

In popular culture

Karajan's recording of Johann Strauss An der schönen, blauen Donau (The Blue Danube waltz) was used by director Stanley Kubrick in his science-fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey (with Kubrick animating the sequence to match the prerecorded music, the opposite of the usual practice for soundtracks). Johann Strauss is the name of three famous Austrian composers Johann Strauss I (1804-1849 or Johann Strauss Sr The Blue Danube is the common English title of An der schönen blauen Donau op 2001 A Space Odyssey is a 1968 Science fiction film directed by Stanley Kubrick, written by Kubrick and Arthur C The popular effect of this unconventional use of the music was such that the music became more identified for subsequent generations with space stations, primitive men, alien artifacts and such, than with the original waltz. A space station is an artificial structure designed for Humans to live in Outer space. The waltz is a ballroom and folk Dance in time, performed primarily in Closed position. Some years later, Kubrick again used Karajan's recordings, this time Béla Bartók's Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta in The Shining. Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25 1881&ndashSeptember 26 1945 was a Hungarian Composer and Pianist, considered to be one of the greatest Music for Strings Percussion and Celesta Sz 106 BB 114 is one of the best-known compositions by the Hungarian Composer Béla Bartók The Shining is a 1980 horror Film directed by Stanley Kubrick, based on Stephen King 's novel of the same name Although there is a 1958 version by Ferenc Fricsay of the second movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film A Clockwork Orange, the symphony's finale we hear at the end of the movie is Karajan's now-famous 1963 recording. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Ferenc Fricsay ( 9 August 1914 &ndash 20 February A Clockwork Orange is a 1971 Satirical Science fiction Film adaptation of a 1962 novel of the same name, by Anthony These two versions are from DG and performed by the same orchestra, The Berlin Philharmonic. Deutsche Grammophon is a German classical Record label. The company has long been known for its high standards of audio fidelity.

Discography

A complete discography of Karajan's recordings is available at the website of the Herbert von Karajan Centrum.

Quotes

Notes

  1. ^ a b John Rockwell. "Herbert von Karajan Is Dead; Musical Perfectionist was 81", The New York Times, 17 Jul 1989, pp.  p. A1.  
  2. ^ The Life and Death of Classical Music by Norman Lebrecht, p. 137.
  3. ^ Binder, David. Vlachs, A Peaceful Balkan People in Mediterranean Quarterly - Volume 15, Number 4, Fall 2004, pp. 115-124
  4. ^ Letter from Karl-Markus Gauss to Austrian Newspaper Der Standard (Hungarian)
  5. ^ Herbert Von Karajan: A Life in Music by Richard Osborne[1]
  6. ^ Current Biography by H. W. Wilson Company[2]
  7. ^ John Rockwell. "General Music Director of Europe", New York Times, 22 June 1986. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English  
  8. ^ The Great Conductors: Herbert von Karajan (1908-1989). Amazon. com. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
  9. ^ Herbert Von Karajan-Karajan Family. Karajan Family. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
  10. ^ Branka Lapajne (2008-04-04). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. The Shared Slovenian Ancestors of Herbert von Karajan and Hugo Wolf. Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  11. ^ Osborne (1987)
  12. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Article for Herbert von Karajan
  13. ^ The woman in the footage is Winifred Wagner , a lifetime friend of Adolf Hitler
  14. ^ Osborne (2000), p. 114
  15. ^ Below, Nicolaus von: "Als Hitlers Adjutant, 1937-45". Winifred Wagner ( June 23, 1897 - March 5, 1980) was an Englishwoman and wife of Siegfried Wagner, Richard Wagner 's son Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Mainz: Hase & Koehler, 1980. ISBN: 3775809988, p. 166 (german); Below, Nicolaus von: "At Hitler’s side: the memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe adjutant 1937-1945": translated by Geoffrey Brooks. London: Greenhill Books ; Mechanicsburg, Pa.  : Stackpole Books, 2001. ISBN: 1853674680. p.  ?
  16. ^ Osborne (2000)
  17. ^ Osborne (2000); Karajan's deposition is presented in whole as Appendix C.
  18. ^ Lucerne Festival homepage, Karajan Celebration 2008
  19. ^ Roll Over, Beethoven. snopes. com (2007-05-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
  20. ^ Kees A. Schouhamer Immink (1998). The CD Story. Journal of the AES, vol. 46, pp. 458-465, 1998. Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
  21. ^ Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933 - 1945 Kiel, 2004, CD-ROM-Lexicon, p. 3545f. The author inspected the files of Karajan (as part of the Reichskulturkammer) at the Bundesarchiv in Berlin (former Berlin Document Center). These background story was first published by Paul Moor in: High Fidelity Vol. 7/10 October 1957, p. 52-55, 190, 192-194 (The Operator). Besides, Priebergs opinion about the Karajan biograph R. Osborn: “his knowledge of history is sadly very low“ (p. 3575)
  22. ^ Karsten Kammholz (not quite with the accuracy of Prieberg: Der Mann, der zweimal in die NSDAP eintrat; in: Die Welt, January 26, 2008
  23. ^ Osborne (2000), p. 85
  24. ^ [these recordings are no longer mentioned in the 1999 edition of the Penguin Guide to Compact Discs. ]
  25. ^ [The Creation is listed first on pp. 656-7 of the 1999 Penguin Guide to Compact Discs, and the comment reads: "Among Versions of The Creation sung in German, Karajan's 1969 set remains unsurpassed, and now reissued as one of DG's 'Originals' at mid-price, is a clear first choice despite two small cuts. . . "] [The Seasons is, by 1999, listed in the Penguin Guide to Compact Discs in third place on p. 661, and the text states "Karajan's 1973 recording of The Seasons offers a fine, polished performance which is often very dramatic too. The characterizations is strong . . . the remastered sound is drier than the original but is vividly wide. etc. etc. . . . "]
  26. ^ Richard Kostelanetz. Review of: Who killed Classical Music, by Norman Lebrecht. Rain Taxi. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
  27. ^ Monsaingeon, p. 143.
  28. ^ Herbert Von Karajan - Visits to Great Britain
  29. ^ Gramophone - News - The world's best classical music magazine
  30. ^ Brian Moynahan, 'Funeral in Berlin', The Sunday Times, January 30, 1983, quoted in Norman Lebrecht, The Book of Musical Anecdotes. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar)

References

External links

Video

See also

Preceded by
Clemens Krauss		 Music Director, Berlin State Opera
1939–1945		 Succeeded by
Joseph Keilberth
Persondata
NAME Karajan, Herbert von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Karajan, Heribert Ritter von
SHORT DESCRIPTION Austrian orchestra and opera conductor
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg, Austria
DATE OF DEATH July 16, 1989
PLACE OF DEATH Anif, Austria

Staatsoper Unter den Linden ( Berlin State Opera) is a prominent German Opera company Raffaello de Banfield, correctly Raphael Douglas Baron von Banfield Tripcovich ( 2 June 1922 &ndash 7 January 2008) was a British WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Clemens Heinrich Krauss ( March 31, 1893 &ndash Staatsoper Unter den Linden ( Berlin State Opera) is a prominent German Opera company Joseph Keilberth ( April 19, 1908 &ndash July 20, 1968) was a German conductor. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Anif is a small municipality with 4300 inhabitants located south of Salzburg in the state of Salzburg, Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
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