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Herbert Samuel Heelas Macaulay (November 14, 1864—May 7, 1946) was a Nigerian nationalist, politician, engineer, journalist, and musician and considered by many Nigerians as the founder of Nigerian nationalism. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal

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Early life

Macaulay was born in Lagos on November 14, 1864. He was the grandson of bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther and the son of the founder of the first secondary school in Nigeria. Bishop Samuel Adjai (Ajayi Crowther (c 1809 - 31 December 1891 was a linguist and the first African Anglican bishop in Nigeria. [1]. After going to a Christian missionary school, he took a job as a clerk at the Lagos Department of Public Works. From 1891 to 1894 he studied civil engineering in Plymouth, England. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland On his return, he worked for the Crown as a land inspector. He left his position in 1898 due to growing distaste for Nigeria's position as a British colony. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation.

As an opponent of British rule

Herbert Macaulay was an unlikely champion of the masses. A grandson of Ajayi Crowther, the first African bishop of the Niger Territory, he was born into a Lagos that was divided politically into groups arranged in a convenient pecking order – the British rulers who lived in the posh Marina district, the Saros and other slave descendants who lived to the west, and the Brazilians who lived behind the whites in the Portuguese Town. Behind all three lived the real Lagosians, the masses of indigenous Yoruba people, disliked and generally ignored by their privileged neighbours. It was not until Macaulay’s generation that the Saros and Brazilians even began to contemplate making common cause with the masses.

Macaulay was one of the first Nigerian nationalists and for most of his life a strong opponent of British rule in Nigeria. As a reaction to claims by the British that they were governing with "the true interests of the natives at heart", Macaulay wrote: "The dimensions of "the true interests of the natives at heart" are algebraically equal to the length, breadth and depth of the whiteman's pocket. "[2] In 1908 he exposed European corruption in the handling of railway finances and in 1919 he argued successfully for the Chiefs whose land had been taken by the British in front of the Privy Council in London. A privy council is a body that advises the Head of state of a nation on how to exercise their executive authority, typically but not always in the context of a As a result, the colonial government was forced to pay compensation to the chiefs. In retaliation for this and other activities of his, Macauley got jailed twice by the British. [3]

Macaulay became very popular and on June 24, 1923, he founded the Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP), the first Nigerian political party. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Nigerian National Democratic Party ( NNDP) was Nigeria's first Political party. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral The party won all the seats in the elections of 1923, 1928 and 1933. [4]

As a supporter of the British

In 1931 relations between Macaulay and the British began to improve up to the point that the governor even held conferences with Macaulay. [5] Macauley had lost his desire for reform and became a conservative supporter of the British.

Towards the end

In 1944 Macaulay founded the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) together with Nnamdi Azikiwe [6] and became its secretary general. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe ( November 16, 1904 – May 11, 1996) usually referred to as Nnamdi Azikiwe, or informally The NCNC was a patriotic organization designed to bring together Nigerians of all stripes to demand independence. [7] In 1946 Macaulay fell ill in Kano and later died in Lagos. Kano is the administrative center of the Kano State and the third largest City in Nigeria, in terms Lagos ( pron ˈleɪgɒs or /ˈlɑːgoʊs/ overseas is the most populous Conurbation in Nigeria with The leadership of the NCNC went to Azikiwe, who was later to become the first president of Nigeria.

References

  1. ^ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa since 1800, p. 266.
  2. ^ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa since 1800, p. 266.
  3. ^ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa since 1800, p. 266.
  4. ^ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa since 1800, p. 267.
  5. ^ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa since 1800, p. 267.
  6. ^ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa since 1800, p. 299.
  7. ^ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa since 1800, p. 299.
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