Herbert Hans Haupt (December 21, 1919 – August 8, 1942) was a German-American United States citizen executed as an enemy agent for the Germans in World War II. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Article I section 8 clause 4 of the United States Constitution expressly gives the United States Congress the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
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Early life
Born in Stettin, Germany, Haupt was the son of Hans Max Haupt and Erna Haupt (Froehling). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Hans Haupt was a World War I German army veteran who came to Chicago to find work in 1923 . World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. His son and wife followed in 1925. Herbie Haupt became a United States citizen when his parents were naturalized in 1930. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born Herbie Haupt attended Lane High School and later worked at the Simpson Optical Company as an apprentice optician.
World War II
In 1941, Herbie Haupt, along with two friends, Wolfgang Wergin and Hugo Troesken, set off on a world wide trek. Troesken was turned back at the Mexican border for lack of proper identification, but Haupt and Wergin continued. Neither Haupt nor Wergin had been able to secure an American passport in the United States, but each was able to secure a German one from the German Embassy in Mexico City. A passport is a document issued by a national government which certifies for the purpose of international travel the identity and nationality of its holder Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico The pair then traveled on to Japan, where they took employment on a German freighter bound for France. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Haupt and Wergin landed in France as the United States and Germany went to war. Haupt then went to his grandmother's home in Stettin, Germany.
Haupt was awarded an Iron Cross by the Germans for spotting a British warship while serving as a lookout during the Allied blockade around France. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. Wergin went into the Army, but Haupt was recruited to return to America as a saboteur. Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening an enemy oppressor or employer through subversion obstruction disruption and/or destruction
Operation Pastorius
Operation Pastorius consisted of 12 English speaking Germans who were trained at the Brandenburg Sabotage School. Operation Pastorius was a failed plan for Sabotage via a series of attacks by Nazi German agents inside the United States. Operation Pastorius was a failed plan for Sabotage via a series of attacks by Nazi German agents inside the United States. Eight eventually graduated and were sent to the United States via U-Boat to blow up war factories. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers Haupt and three others landed on Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida on June 17, 1942. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The other four landed on Long Island. Haupt took a train out of Jacksonville to return to his home in Chicago to see his parents and girlfriend. Two of the Long Island group got cold feet and gave up the mission to the FBI. Haupt and his parents were arrested on June 27th in Chicago. Erna was eventually deported back to Germany in 1946; Hans Haupt was deported in 1957.
Trial and death
Herbert Haupt and the other seven "U-Boat Raiders" were sent to Washington, D.C., where they faced a military tribunal. Ex parte Quirin,, is a Supreme Court of the United States case that upheld the jurisdiction of a United States Military tribunal over the trial Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D A military tribunal is a kind of Military Court designed to try members of enemy forces during Wartime operating outside the scope of conventional All were found guilty of being enemy agents, and though they were caught before carrying out any sabotage, they were sentenced to death. The two informants received a lesser sentence and were deported in 1947 . George John Dasch ( February 7, 1903 &ndash1992 was a German Spy and Saboteur who landed on The other six, Herbert Hans Haupt, Edward Kerling, Hermann Neubauer, Werner Thiel, Heinrich Heinck, and Richard Quirin, were executed on August 8, 1942 in the District of Columbia's electric chair in Washington, D. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Execution by electrocution (usually referred to after its method of implementation as the Electric Chair) is an execution method originating in the United States in which the C. It was the largest mass execution by electrocution ever conducted.
Young Haupt broke down just before the execution but recovered and, according to a military witness, "died like a real man". It took Haupt seven minutes to die in the chair. His last undelivered letter to his father read, "Try not to take this too hard, I have brought nothing but grief to all of my friends and relatives who did nothing wrong, my last thoughts will be of Mother. "
Haupt was buried with the five others in the Potters Field in Blue Plains, D. C. (see the Find a Grave listing with photos). Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records The graves were originally marked by wooden boards with numbers but eventually a small monument was put over the graves in 1982. Government officials later removed the monument, leaving all those buried at Blue Plains in un-marked graves in a wooded, fenced-in area.
Modern relevance
In 2001, Haupt was in the news again as President Bush attempted to use military tribunals to try American citizens after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Supreme Court ruling regarding Haupt, the only US citizen executed in the affair, was cited again. (Ex parte Quirin)
Sources
- They Came to Kill by Eugene Rachlis, 1961 Random House
- Shadow Enemies by Scott Gordon, 2002 Lyons Press
- Saboteurs, Nazi Raid on America, 2004 Alfred Knopf
- In Time of War, by Pierce O'Donnell, 2005 The New Press
External links
Ex parte Quirin,, is a Supreme Court of the United States case that upheld the jurisdiction of a United States Military tribunal over the trial
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