Citizendia

Herbert Akroyd Stuart 1864 - 1927. Inventor of the hot bulb heavy oil engine
Herbert Akroyd Stuart 1864 - 1927. Inventor of the hot bulb heavy oil engine

Herbert Akroyd-Stuart (January 28, 1864, Halifax Yorkshire, England - February 19, 1927, Halifax) was an English inventor who is noted for his invention of the hot bulb heavy oil engine, or vaporizing oil engine. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the The hotbulb, or hot bulb engine or Vaporizing oil engine is a type of Internal combustion engine. Early Internal combustion engines were quite successful running on gaseous and light petroleum fuels This is a type of "surface ignition" that is distinctly different than the Diesel engine which uses the heat of compression for ignition. A diesel engine is an Internal combustion engine which operates using the Diesel cycle (named after Dr

Contents

Life

Akroyd-Stuart had lived in Australia in his early years. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. He was educated at Newbury Grammar School and Finsbury Technical College on Cowper Street. This article is about the Berkshire school See Bartholomew School Eynsham for the school in Eynsham, Oxfordshire St The City and Guilds of London Institute ( City & Guilds) is a United Kingdom examining and accreditation body for vocational managerial and engineering training offering He was the son of Charles Stuart, founder of the Bletchley Iron and Tinplate Works, and joined his father in the business in 1887. [1]

In 1885 Akroyd Stuart accidentally spilt paraffin oil (kerosene) into a pot of molten tin. Kerosene, sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage is a Combustible Hydrocarbon liquid Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 The paraffin oil vaporised and caught fire when in contact with a paraffin lamp. The kerosene lamp (widely known in Britain as a paraffin lamp) is any type of lighting device which uses Kerosene (paraffin as a fuel This gave him an idea to pursue the possibility of using paraffin oil (very similar to modern-day diesel) for an engine, which unlike petrol would be difficult to be vaporised in a carburettor as its volatility is not sufficient to allow this. Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum Volatility in the context of Chemistry, Physics and Thermodynamics is a measure of the tendency of a substance to Vaporize.

His first prototype engines were built in 1886. In 1890, in collaboration with Charles Richard Binney, he filed Patent 7146 for Richard Hornsby and Sons of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. Richard Hornsby & Sons was an engine and machinery manufacturer in Lincolnshire, England from 1828 until 1918 Grantham is a Market town within the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. The patent was entitled entitled: "Improvements in Engines Operated by the Explosion of Mixtures of Combustible Vapour or Gas and Air". [2] One such engine was sold to Newport Sanitary Authority, but the compression ratio was too low to get it started from cold, and it needed a heat poultice to get it going. [3]

Akroyd-Stuart's engines were built from June 26th 1891 by Richard Hornsby and Sons as the Hornsby Akroyd Patent Oil Engine under licence and were first sold commercially on July 8th 1892. Richard Hornsby & Sons was an engine and machinery manufacturer in Lincolnshire, England from 1828 until 1918

Similar engines were built by Bolinder in Sweden and some of these still survive in canal boats. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. A narrowboat or narrow boat is a Boat of a distinctive design made to fit the narrow Canals of England and Wales. Hot bulb engines in the USA were made by De La Vergne Company of New York, later the New York Refrigerating Company - inventing the modern refrigerator in 1930, who purchased a licence in 1893. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Vapor-compression refrigeration is one of the many Refrigeration cycles available for use

Richard Hornsby and Sons built the world's first oil-engined railway locomotive LACHESIS for the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, England, in 1896. A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. The Moirae or Moerae (in Greek – the " apportioners " often called the The Fates) in Greek mythology, were the white-robed See also Woolwich Arsenal railway station, Arsenal FC The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, originally known as the Woolwich Warren Woolwich (ˈwʊlɪtʃ or /ˈwʊlɪdʒ/ is a suburb in south-east London, England in the London Borough of Greenwich, on the south side of the River They also built the first compression-ignition powered automobile.

Patent dispute with Rudolf Diesel

The modern Diesel engine is a hybrid incorporating the features of direct (airless) injection and compression-ignition, both patented (No. A diesel engine is an Internal combustion engine which operates using the Diesel cycle (named after Dr 7146) as Improvements in Engines Operated by the Explosion of Mixtures of Combustible Vapour or Gas and Air by Akroyd-Stuart and Charles Richard Binney in May 1890. [2] Another patent (No. 15,994) was taken out on October 8th 1890, which details the working of a complete engine, essentially that of a diesel engine where air and fuel are introduced separately.

Rudolf Diesel patented compression-ignition in 1892; his injection system, where combustion was produced isobarically (the technique having been patented by George Brayton in 1874 for his carburettor), was not subsumed into later engines, Akroyd-Stuart's injection system with isochoric combustion developed at Hornsbys being preferred. Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (ˈʁuːdɔlf ˈkʁɪstjan ˈkaʁl ˈdiːzəl March 18, 1858 – last seen alive September 29, 1913) was a An isobaric process is a Thermodynamic process in which the pressure stays constant \Delta p = 0 The term derives from the Greek isos "equal" George Brayton ( October 3, 1830 &ndash December 17, 1892) was born in Rhode Island son of William H A carburetor (North American spelling or carburettor ( Commonwealth spelling) is a device that blends air and Fuel for an Internal An isochoric process, also called an isovolumetric process, is a process during which volume remains constant

Akroyd-Stuart's compression ignition engine (as opposed to spark-ignition) was patented two years earlier than Diesel's similar engine; Diesel's only patentable idea was to increase the pressure. The term spark-ignition engine is normally used to refer to Internal combustion engines where the fuel-air mixture is ignited with a spark. The hot bulb engine, due to the lower pressures used (around 280 PSI), had only about a 12% thermal efficiency. The pound per square inch or more accurately pound-force per square inch (symbol psi or lbf/in² or lbf/in²) is a unit of In Thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency (\eta_{th} \ is a dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an Internal combustion

In 1892, Akroyd-Stuart patented a water-jacketed vaporiser to allow compression ratios to be increased. In the same year, T. H. Barton at Hornsbys built a working high-compression version for experimental purposes whereby the vaporiser was replaced with a cylinder head therefore not relying on air being preheated, but by combustion through higher compression ratios. In an Internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits atop the cylinders and consists of a platform containing part of the Combustion chamber and the The compression ratio is a single number that can be used to predict the performance of any engine particularly piston engines (but can be used on essentially any Internal-combustion It ran for six hours - the first time automatic ignition was produced by compression alone. This was five years before Rudolf Diesel built his well-known high-compression prototype engine in 1897.

Diesel was, however, subsequently credited with the innovation despite the adduced evidence to the contrary.

Death

In 1900, he moved to Australia and set up a company Sanders & Stuart with his brother Charles, latterly moving back to Yorkshire. He died of throat cancer and was buried in All Souls church in Boothtown, Halifax. Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the Esophagus. There are various subtypes The Akroydon model housing scheme is a Victorian era Model village at Boothtown Halifax, West Yorkshire, England.

The University of Nottingham has hosted the Akroyd-Stuart Memorial Lecture on occasional years in his memory since 1928. The University of Nottingham is a Public, Co-educational institution of Higher learning in the city of Nottingham, England. One was presented by Sir Frank Whittle in 1946. Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907 &ndash 9 August 1996 was an English Royal Akroyd Stuart had worked with Professor William Robinson in the late 1800s, who was professor of engineering from 1890 to 1924 at University College Nottingham.

Akroyd-Stuart also left money to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Royal Aeronautical Society and Institute of Marine Engineering, which provided for their respective bi-annual Akroyd-Stuart Prizes. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE is the British Engineering society concerned with Mechanical engineering Founded in 1866 The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a multidisciplinary professional institution dedicated to the entire global Aerospace The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology (IMarEST is an international professional membership body and Learned society for all marine professionals

References

  1. ^ Victoria Road. Bletchley Archaeological & Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
  2. ^ a b The Akroyd Oil Engine. Ray Hooley's - Ruston-Hornsby - Engine Pages. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
  3. ^ Diesel has come a long way but still doesn't get the tax breaks it deserves. The Scotsman, Scotland on Sunday (2003-01-16). The Scotsman is a Scottish national Newspaper, published in Edinburgh. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat

External links

Patents

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic