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The ancient Heraea Games, dedicated to the goddess Hera (also spelled Heraia) is the first sanctioned (and recorded) women's athletic competition to be held in the Stadium at Olympia[1], possibly in the Olympic year, prior to the men's events. In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera (ˈhɪərə or /ˈhɛrə/ Greek) or Here ( in Ionic and Homer The stadium at the archaeological site of Olympia Greece is located to the east of the sanctuary of Zeus. It is dated as early as the 6th century BC. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Some texts, including Pausanias's Description of Greece [2], c. Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus 175 AD, state that Hippodameia gathered a group known as the "Sixteen Women" and madetrators of the Heraea Games, out of gratitude for her marriage to Pelops. Events By Place Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius suppresses a revolt of the legate Avidius Cassius in Syria Hippodamia or Hippodameia was the name of several characters in Greek mythology Hippodamia, daughter of Oenomaus and wife of Pausanias, in his Description of Greece (c 175 CE refers to "the Sixteen Women In Greek mythology, Pelops ( Greek Πέλοψ, from pelios: dark and ops: face eye king of Pisa in the Peloponnesus was venerated [3] Other texts indicate that the "Sixteen Women" were peace-makers from Pisa and Elis and, because of their political competence, became administrators of the Heraea Games[4]. Pisa, or Pisatis was the name of an ancient Greek town or district in Elis, famous for containing Olympia, the site of the Ancient Olympic Games. Elis, or Eleia ( Greek, Modern Ήλιδα Ilida, Ancient Ēlis, Doric: Alis, Elean: Walis) is an ancient

Like the men's competition, Heraea originally consisted of foot races only. The stadium of olympis was made available for them but the length of the course was shortened by about one sixth. the youngest girl ran first and progressed upwards in age. The Heraea champions won olive crowns, cow or ox meat from the animal sacrificed to Hera and the right to dedicate statues inscribed with their names[5] or painted portraits of themselves on the columns of Hera's temple. In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera (ˈhɪərə or /ˈhɛrə/ Greek) or Here ( in Ionic and Homer It is still apparent where the portraits were attached on the temple, though the artwork itself has disappeared. A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites [6] The women competed in three age groups, on a track in Olympic stadium that was 5/6 the length of the men's track. The Olympic Stadium is the name usually given to the big centrepiece Stadium of the Summer Olympic Games. Pausanias describes their appearance for the races such that, "their hair hangs down, a tunic (chiton) reaches to a little above the knee, and they bare the right shoulder as far as the breast. A chiton ( Ancient Greek khitōn (χιτών was a form of clothing in Ancient Greece, worn by both women and men "[7]

Though the men competed nude and women dressed, chitons were clothing worn by men doing heavy physical work. A chiton ( Ancient Greek khitōn (χιτών was a form of clothing in Ancient Greece, worn by both women and men Thus, the women competitors were dressed like men. Whether this and the existence of the Heraea Games tell us something about social climate for women of that period is uncertain. We do know women were forbidden from competing in or even viewing the Ancient Olympics, under penalty of being thrown from the cliffs of Mount Typaion. The Ancient Olympic Games, originally referred to as simply the Olympic Games (Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες Olympiakoi Agones) were a series of Athletic Girls were not encouraged to be athletes. Those raised in Sparta were the exception, where they were trained in the same athletic events as boys, because Spartans believed that strong women would produce strong future warriors. The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη These girl athletes were unmarried and competed nude or wearing short dresses. Boys were allowed to watch the athletes, in the hopes of creating marriages and offspring. A race dedicated to Dionysus (god of wine and pleasure) may have also been a community rite of passage. In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman A rite of passage is a Ritual that marks a change in a person's social or sexual status [8]

Heraea could have been an indication of changing social conditions and an easing in restrictions on women. Or it could have been a temporary change. Greek women were allowed to compete in the same festivals as men after the classical period. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca The dearth of references is evidence that these changes may have been unwelcomed Roman influence. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC In Rome, girls from wealthy families were allowed to participate in men's festivals. The Heraea Games were started because the Olympic Games got very popular. Those on record were chariot owners, not drivers. The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of Carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples A Delphi 1st century AD inscription tells that two young women competed in races (not the Olympics), possibly in women's races at the Sebasta festival in Naples (during the imperial period) and in Domitian's races for women at the Capitoline Games in Rome, 86 AD. Delphi ( Greek,) ( pronounce and dialectal forms) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death In Ancient Rome, the Capitoline Games ( Latin: Ludi Capitolini) were annual games or Combats instituted Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 For the processor see Intel 8086. Year 86 was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian [9]

References

  1. ^ Author not listed. THE HERAIA. "History of the Olympic Games". Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  2. ^ Pausanias. Pausanias 5.15.1-6. Olympia - Pausanias' Description of Greece. Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^ Scanlon, Thomas F. . Games for Girls. "Ancient Olympics Guide". Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  4. ^ DesMarteau, Leslie. The Heraea Games. The History and Mythology of the Heraea Games and the Sixteen Women. Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  5. ^ Pausanias. Pausanias 5.15.1-6. Olympia - Pausanias' Description of Greece. Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  6. ^ Swaddling, Judith. Women at the Heraia. Ancient Greek Olympics Gallery. Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  7. ^ Pausanias. Pausanias 5.15.1-6. Olympia - Pausanias' Description of Greece. Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  8. ^ Scanlon, Thomas F. . Games for Girls. "Ancient Olympics Guide". Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^ Scanlon, Thomas F. . Games for Girls. "Ancient Olympics Guide". Retrieved on February 18, 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
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