Heraclius
Byzantine Emperor
Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine
Reign	October 5, 610 – February 11, 641
Coronation	October 5, 610
Full name	Flavius Heraclius Augustus
Born	c. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople This article is about the year 610. Events By Place Byzantine Empire October 4 — Heraclius arrives Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople This article is about the year 610. Events By Place Byzantine Empire October 4 — Heraclius arrives 575
Birthplace	Cappadocia, Turkey
Died	February 11, 641
Predecessor	Phocas
Successor	Constantine III Heraklonas
Consort	Eudokia Martina
Issue	Constantine III Heraklonas
Dynasty	Heraclian Dynasty
Father	Heraclius the Elder

Heraclius, or Herakleios (Latin: Flavius Heraclius Augustus; Greek: Ηράκλειος, Hērakleios), (c. Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. Flavius Phocas Augustus, (el Φωκάς Phokas; reigned 602–610 called the Tyrant, usurped the Byzantine throne from the Emperor Maurice Heraklonas or Heraclonas or Heracleonas ( Greek: Ηρακλωνάς Hēraklōnas) (626&ndash 641 Byzantine emperor (February&ndashSeptember Fabia Eudokia (sometimes written Eudocia c 580 - 13 August, 612) was a Byzantine Empress from 610 to 612 Martina (died after 641 was the second Empress consort of Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire. Heraklonas or Heraclonas or Heracleonas ( Greek: Ηρακλωνάς Hēraklōnas) (626&ndash 641 Byzantine emperor (February&ndashSeptember Heraclius the Elder (Heraclius Ηράκλειος - An Armenian Exarch of Africa, the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Augustus (plural augusti) Latin for "majestic" "the increaser" or "venerable" was an Ancient Roman Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly 575 - February 11, 641) was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled the Roman Empire for over thirty years, from October 5, 610 to February 11, 641. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. This is a list of the Emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople This article is about the year 610. Events By Place Byzantine Empire October 4 — Heraclius arrives Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, the viceroyal Exarch of Africa, successfully led a revolt against the unpopular usurper Phocas. The Exarchate of Africa or of Carthage, after its capital was the name of an administrative division of the Eastern Roman Empire encompassing its possessions Flavius Phocas Augustus, (el Φωκάς Phokas; reigned 602–610 called the Tyrant, usurped the Byzantine throne from the Emperor Maurice Heraclius' reign was marked by several military campaigns, and he was remembered in future generations both for his battles against the Sassanian Persian king Khosrau Parvez, and as the first of the Byzantine emporers to engage the Muslims. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire Khosrau II or Khosrow II ( Chosroes II or Xosrov II in classical sources sometimes called He is also remembered for abandoning the use of Latin in official documents; further hellenizing the Empire, and he is traditionally credited with establishing the themata; though modern scholarship marginalizes his role. Hellenization (or Hellenisation) is a term used to describe the spread of Greek culture.

Origins

Heraclius was born into an Armenian family from Cappadocia,^[1] although beyond that, there is little specific information known about his ancestry. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: He was the son and namesake of Heraclius (generally referred to retrospectively as Heraclius the Elder), who had been a key general of Emperor Maurice's in the 590 AD war with Bahram Chobin, usurper of the Sassanid Empire. Heraclius the Elder (Heraclius Ηράκλειος - An Armenian Exarch of Africa, the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus (Φλάβιος Μαυρίκιος Τιβέριος Αύγουστος Մավրիկ Mavrig; 539 &ndash November 27 Events By Place Byzantine Empire Summer - Maurice agrees to Khosrau's entreaties and agrees to restart the war with Persia Bahram Chobin (Chubin Chobina (in Persian بهرام چوبین was a famous Eran spahbod (military commander during Khosrau II 's rule in Sassanid The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire After the war, Maurice appointed Heraclius the Elder to the position of Exarch of Africa. Heraclius the Elder (Heraclius Ηράκλειος - An Armenian Exarch of Africa, the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. This article is about Byzantine governors and ecclesiastical ranks The Roman province of Africa was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. Though the younger Heraclius' birthplace is unknown, he grew up in Roman Africa; according to one tradition, he engaged in gladiatorial combat with lions as a youth. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Gladiators (gladiatores "swordsmen" or "one who uses a sword" from la ''gladius'' "sword" were professional fighters in Ancient Rome who fought The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera.

Revolt against Phocas and the accession of Heraclius

Heraclius

In 608 Heraclius the Elder renounced his loyalty to the Emperor Phocas, who had overthrown Maurice six years earlier. Events By Place Europe Eochaid Buide succeeds Áedán mac Gabráin as king of Dál Riata. Flavius Phocas Augustus, (el Φωκάς Phokas; reigned 602–610 called the Tyrant, usurped the Byzantine throne from the Emperor Maurice The rebels issued coins showing both Heraclii dressed as consuls, though neither of them explicitly claimed the imperial title at this time. Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire The younger Heraclius' cousin Niketas launched an overland invasion of Egypt; by 609, he had defeated Phocas' general Bonosus and secured the province. Ægyptus redirects here See Egypt Province for the province of the Ottoman Empire Events By Place Asia Edessa is taken by the Sassanids. The tax Census of the Sui Dynasty Meanwhile, the younger Heraclius sailed eastward with another force via Sicily and Cyprus. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía

As he approached Constantinople, he made contact with leading aristocrats in the city, and soon arranged a ceremony where he was crowned and acclaimed as emperor. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations When he reached the capital, the Excubitors, an elite imperial guard unit led by Phocas' son-in-law Priscus, deserted to Heraclius, and he entered the city without serious resistance. The Excubitors (Excubitores or Excubiti, literally "those out of bed" i Heraclius personally executed Phocas.

On October 5, 610, Heraclius was crowned for a second time, this time in the Chapel of St. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople This article is about the year 610. Events By Place Byzantine Empire October 4 — Heraclius arrives Stephen within the Great Palace, and at the same time married Fabia, who took the name Eudokia. Fabia Eudokia (sometimes written Eudocia c 580 - 13 August, 612) was a Byzantine Empress from 610 to 612 After her death in 612, he married his niece Martina in 613; this second marriage was considered incestuous and was very unpopular. Events By Place Europe Sisebut succeeds Gundemar as king of the Visigoths. Martina (died after 641 was the second Empress consort of Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire. Events By Place Europe Clotaire II reunites the Frankish kingdoms by ordering the murder of Sigebert II. Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo.

In the reign of Heraclius' two sons, the divisive Martina was to become the center of power and political intrigue. Despite widespread hatred for Martina in Constantinople, Heraclius took her on campaigns with him and refused attempts by Patriarch Sergius to prevent and later dissolve the marriage. Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a Pater familias over an extended family ^[2]

Sassanid King Khosrau II submitting to Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, from a plaque on a 12th century French cross

War against Persia

When Heraclius took power the Empire was in a desperate situation. Khosrau II or Khosrow II ( Chosroes II or Xosrov II in classical sources sometimes called Phocas' initial revolt had stripped the Danube frontier of troops, leaving most of the Balkans at the mercy of the Avars. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan.

Khosrau II (Chosroes) of the Sassanid Empire had been restored to his throne by Maurice and they had remained allies. Khosrau II or Khosrow II ( Chosroes II or Xosrov II in classical sources sometimes called The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire He had used the death of his ally Maurice as an excuse to launch a war against the Romans. Chosroes had at his court a man who claimed to be Maurice's son Theodosius, and Chosroes demanded that the Romans accept him as Emperor.

The Persians had slowly gained the upper hand in Mesopotamia over the course of Phocas' reign; when Heraclius' revolt resulted in civil war, the Persians took advantage of the internal conflict to advance deep into Syria. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية

Heraclius offered peace terms to the Persians upon his accession, but Chosroes refused to treat with him, viewing him as an usurper of Theodosius' throne. Heraclius' initial military moves against the Persians ended disastrously, and the Persians rapidly advanced westward.

In 613, the Persian army took Damascus with the help of the Jews, took Jerusalem in 614, damaging the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and capturing the Holy Cross and Egypt in the process. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which by a Christian tradition are believed to be from the actual cross upon which Jesus was crucified In Greek mythology, Αἴγυπτος/Aígyptos, usually Latinized as Aegyptus, in Greek ("supine goat" descendant of the Heifer

They made raids deep into Anatolia as far as Chalcedon, a town lying almost opposite of Constantinople across the Bosphorus. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black For the Ecumenical Council of 451 see Council of Chalcedon; For the religious/political organization see Chalcedon Foundation. The Bosporus or Bosphorus, also known as the Istanbul Strait, (İstanbul Boğazı (Βόσπορος is a Strait that forms the boundary between the The Persians were also in communication with the Avars.

The situation was so grave that Heraclius reportedly considered moving the capital from Constantinople to Carthage, but was dissuaded by Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers

According to the trend in more recent scholarship, the theme system, often attributed to Heraclius, was actually developed by Heraclius' successors, most notably his grandson Constans II. Constans II ( Greek: Κώνστας Β' Kōnstas II) also called "Constantine the Bearded" ( Kōnstantinos Pogonatos) ( November 7 However, the blueprint for it was provided by the exarchates set up by Maurice at Carthage and Ravenna. Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.

Once he had rebuilt the army, Heraclius took the field himself in 621; he was the first emperor to campaign against a foreign enemy in person since Theodosius I. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Heraclius invades Persia. Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ Confident that Constantinople was well defended and unwilling to engage in a war of attrition over the lost eastern provinces, he and his army of 50,000 men marched across Asia Minor and invaded Persia itself. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black ^[3] He would stay on campaign for several years.

In 626 Constantinople itself was besieged by the Avars but Persian attempts to cross the Bosporus and aid the Avars were repulsed by the Roman navy. The Bosporus or Bosphorus, also known as the Istanbul Strait, (İstanbul Boğazı (Βόσπορος is a Strait that forms the boundary between the The Avars, now busy fighting Croats who recently arrived in Dalmatia, withdrew. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern

Byzantine Empire by 626 A. D under Heraclius, Striped areas are lands threatened by the Sassanids

Meanwhile, Heraclius acquired the assistance of the Western Turkic Khaganate and its leader, Ziebel, who invaded Persian Transcaucasia. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire The Western Turkic Khaganate was formed as a result of the internecine wars in the beginning of the 7th century ( 600 – 603 AD after the Göktürk Tong Yabghu (d 628 (also known as T'ung Yabghu, Ton Yabghu, Tong Yabghu Khagan, Tun Yabghu, and The Third Perso-Turkic War was the third and final conflict between the Sassanian Empire and the Western Turkic Khaganate. Heraclius also exploited divisions within the Persian Empire, keeping the Persian general Shahrbaraz neutral by convincing him that Chosroes had grown jealous of him and ordered his execution. Shahrbaraz (or Shahrwaraz) (died June 9, 630) was a general with the rank of Eran Spahbod ( Commander of the Army of Iran) under

A Byzantine army of 70,000 men defeated the Persians under Rhahzadh at the Battle of Nineveh in 627. Rhahzadh, alternatively known as Razates was a Persian Spahbod (commander from the Mihran family under Sassanid king Khosrau II. The Battle of Nineveh was the climactic battle of the last of the Roman-Persian Wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire, in 627 Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 12 — Battle of Nineveh: Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians ending ^[4] Heraclius personally defeated and killed Rhahzadh in the battle.

When Chosroes still refused to make peace, Heraclius continued his campaign; as he approached the Persian capital of Ctesiphon, the Persian aristocracy deposed Chosroes. For the Spanish saint see Ctesiphon of Vergium. Ctesiphon (قطسيفون تیسفون was one of the great cities of the Persian Empire His successor Kavadh II made peace with Heraclius by restoring all the empire's former territories. Kavadh II (Siroes twenty-third Sassanid King of Persia son of Khosrau II (590&ndash628 was raised to the throne in opposition to his father in February 628

The Persian Sassanid dynasty never recovered from this war; it took years for a strong king to emerge from a series of coups, and soon the Muslim Arab Caliphate overwhelmed the sinking state. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah

Heraclius took for himself the ancient Persian title of "King of Kings", virtually dropping the traditional Roman imperial title of "Augustus". King of Kings is a lofty title that has been used by several monarchies (usually empires in the informal sense of great powers throughout history and in many cases the literal title Later on, starting in 629, he styled himself simply as Basileus, the standard Greek word for "monarch", and that title was used by the Roman emperors for the next 800 years. Events By Place Persian and Byzantine Empires September - Jerusalem is reconquered by the Byzantine Empire from "Basilissa" redirects here For the saint of this name see Julian and Basilissa.

Heraclius also Hellenised the Empire by largely discontinuing the use of Latin as its official language, replacing it with Greek. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The empire continued to call itself Roman throughout the rest of its history, but the term also increasingly came to be used as a Greek self-descriptive. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions In 630, he reached the height of his power, marching barefoot as a pious Christian pilgrim into Jerusalem and restoring the True Cross to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Serbs settle in the Balkans having been invited by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which by a Christian tradition are believed to be from the actual cross upon which Jesus was crucified

War against the Arabs

Main article: Byzantine-Arab Wars

Muhammad had recently succeeded in unifying all the nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) The Arabs, who had been too divided in the past to pose a military threat, now comprised one of the most powerful states in the region, and were animated by their new conversion to Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Heraclius fell ill soon after his triumph over the Persians and never took the field again. When the Muslim Arabs attacked Syria and Palestine 634, he was unable to oppose them personally, and his generals failed him. Events By Place Oswald of Northumbria defeats Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd in the Battle of Heavenfield and The Battle of Yarmuk in 636 resulted in a crushing defeat for the larger Roman army and within three years, Syria and Palestine were lost again. The Battle of Yarmouk ( معركة اليرموك, also spelled Yarmuk, Yarmuq or Hieromyax) comprised a series of engagements between the Events By Place Byzantine Empire August 20 — Battle of Yarmuk: Khalid ibn al-Walid 's victory against the Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. By the time of Heraclius' death, most of Egypt had fallen as well.

Legacy

Although the territorial gains he made from his defeat of the Persians produced were lost from the advance of the Muslims, Heraclius still ranks among the great Roman emperors. His reforms of the government reduced the corruption which had taken hold in Phocas' reign, and he reorganized the military with great success. Ultimately, the reformed imperial army halted the Muslims in Asia Minor and held on to Carthage for another 60 years, saving a core from which the empire's strength could be rebuilt. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers

The recovery of the eastern areas of the Roman Empire from the Persians once again raised the problem of religious unity centering around the understanding of the true nature of Christ. Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " Most of the inhabitants of these provinces were Monophysites who rejected the Council of Chalcedon. Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning 'one alone' and physis meaning 'nature' or Monophysiticism is the Christological position that The Council of Chalcedon was the fourth Ecumenical council. It was held from 8 October to 1 November 451 at Chalcedon (a city of

Heraclius tried to promote a compromise doctrine called Monothelitism; however, this philosophy was rejected as heretical by both sides of the dispute. Monothelitism (a Greek Loanword meaning "one will" is a particular teaching about how the divine and human relate in the person of Jesus, known as a Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief For this reason, Heraclius was viewed as a heretic and bad ruler by some later religious writers. After the Monophysite provinces were finally lost to the Muslims, Monotheletism rather lost its raison d'être and was eventually abandoned.

Perhaps the most important legacy of Heraclius was changing the official language of the East Roman Empire from Latin to Greek in circa 620 AD^[5], thus strengthening the process of Hellenization in what was to become known in the West later on as the Byzantine Empire, which had a distinctively Greek culture. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. For this reason, some historians tend to start the "Byzantine" Empire with the reign of Heraclius, defining the period before him as "Late Roman".

His wars against King Chosroes were celebrated in the (still extant) Heraclias or Heracliad by his court poet George Pisida. George Pisida ( Γεώργιος Πισίδης, of which Pisida is the Latin form sometimes called The Pisidian) was a Byzantine poet born

The Swahili "Utendi wa Tambuka", an epic poem composed in 1728 at Pate Island (off the shore of present-day Kenya) and depicting the wars between the Muslims and Byzantines from the former's point of view, is also known as Kyuo kya Hereḳali ("The book of Heraclius"). Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches Utend̠i wa Tambuka or Utenzi wa Tambuka ("The Story of Tambuka" also known as Kyuo kya Hereḳali (the book of Heraclius is an Epic poem An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation Year 1728 ( MDCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pate island or Paté island is located in the Indian Ocean close to the northern coast of Kenya, to which it belongs The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south This reflects the considerable impression which this Emperor made on his Muslim foes, being still prominently remembered by Muslims more than a millennium after his death and at a considerable geographical and cultural distance.

Family

Heraclius and Fabia Eudokia had two children:

• Eudoxia Epiphania, Augusta
• Heraclius Constantine (Constantine III), Emperor in 641

With his second wife, Martina, the Emperor had at least 10 children, though the names and order of these children are questions for debate:

• Fabius, who had a paralyzed neck
• Theodosios, who was a deaf-mute, married Nike, daughter of Persian general Shahrbaraz
• Constantine
• Constantine Heraclius (Heraklonas), Emperor 638 – 641
• David (Tiberios), proclaimed Caesar in 638
• Martinos or Marinos
• Augoustina, Augusta
• Anastasia and/or Martina, Augusta
• Febronia

Of these at least two were handicapped, which was seen as punishment for the illegality of the marriage. Eudoxia Epiphania (also known as Epiphania, Eudocia or Eudokia) was the only daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius Paralysed redirects here For other uses see xx Paralysed (disambiguation Paralysis is the complete loss of Muscle function The MUTE Network (or MUTE-net) is a Peer-to-peer and Friend-to-friend File sharing network developed with anonymity in mind Shahrbaraz (or Shahrwaraz) (died June 9, 630) was a general with the rank of Eran Spahbod ( Commander of the Army of Iran) under Heraklonas or Heraclonas or Heracleonas ( Greek: Ηρακλωνάς Hēraklōnas) (626&ndash 641 Byzantine emperor (February&ndashSeptember Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character

He also had at least one illegitimate son, Atalarichos, who conspired a plot against Heraclius with his cousin, the magister Theodorus, and the Armenian noble David Saharuni. David Saharuni was Sparapet, Kouropalates and Ishkhan of Byzantine controlled Armenia from 635 to 638. He was mutilated and exiled to Prinkipo, one of the Princes' Islands, in 637. Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return Büyükada ( Turkish, meaning "Big Island" Greek Πρίγκηπος Prinkipos or Prinkipo, meaning "Prince" or "Foremost" The Princes' Islands ( Turkish: Prens Adaları Islands or more commonly Kizil Adalar Islands as they are officially named classical Greek:

During the last years of Heraclius' life, it became evident that a struggle was taking place between Heraclius Constantine and Martina, who was trying to position her son Heraklonas in line for the throne. When Heraclius died, in his will he left the empire to both Heraclius Constantine and Heraklonas to rule jointly with Martina as Empress. In Common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the Testator) regulates the rights of others over his or her Property

Note

Sources

• The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (often abbreviated to ODB) is a three volume book by the Oxford University Press.
• Charles, R. H. The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu: Translated from Zotenberg's Ethiopic Text, 1916. Hermann Zotenberg (1836 Silesia – 1894 Paris) was an Orientalist and Arabist. Reprinted 2007. Evolution Publishing, ISBN 978-1-889758-87-9. [1]
• W. Kaegi, Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium, Cambridge University Press, 2003. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534
• (primary source) C. Mango & R. Scott (trans. ), The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor, Oxford University Press, 1997.
• (primary source) C. Mango (trans. ), Nikephoros Patriarch of Constantinople. Short History, Dumbarton Oacks Texts 10, 1990.

See also

• Aslim Taslam
• Non-Muslims Interactants with Muslims During Muhammad's Era
• Hadith of the prediction in Sura al-Rum
• Revolt against Heraclius

External links

• De Imperatoribus Romanis: an online encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
• HERACLIUS EMPEROR OF BYZANTIUM Walter E. Kaegi. Oxford University Press