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| Prehistoric Britain | (before AD 43) |
|---|---|
| Roman Britain | (43–410) |
| Anglo-Saxon England | (410–1066) |
| Anglo-Normans |  (1066–1154) |
| House of Plantagenet |  (1154–1485) |
| House of Lancaster |  (1399–1471) |
| House of York |  (1461–1485) |
| House of Tudor |  (1485–1603) |
| House of Stuart |  (1603–1707) |
| Kingdom of Great Britain |  (1707–1800) |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
 (1801-1921) |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
 (1927-present) |
Heptarchy (Greek: ἑπτά + ἀρχή seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon ancient kingdoms of south, east, and central Great Britain during late antiquity and the early Middle Ages which eventually unified into Angle-land (England) (at this time the areas now known as Scotland and Wales were also divided into several smaller political units). The history of England is similar to the history of Britain until the arrival of the Saxons Prehistoric Britain was a period in the human occupation of Great Britain that was the later part of Prehistory, conventionally ending with the Roman invasion Year 43 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Year 43 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Events By place Western Roman Empire Alaric I deposes Priscus Attalus as Emperor. The History of Anglo-Saxon England covers the history of Early medieval England from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon Events By place Western Roman Empire Alaric I deposes Priscus Attalus as Emperor. The Anglo-Normans were mainly the descendants of the Normans who ruled England following the conquest by William of Normandy in 1066, although The House of Plantagenet (planˈtadʒɪnɪt also called the House of Anjou, or the First Angevin dynasty, was originally a noble The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The present is the Time that is perceived directly not as a recollection or a speculation Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Late Antiquity (c 300-600 is a Periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in The Early Middle Ages is a period in the History of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The first recorded use of the term dates from 12th century in the English historian Henry of Huntingdon, and it has been in common use since the 16th century. See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it For Earl Henry father of two Scottish kings see Henry of Scotland 3rd Earl of Huntingdon Henry of Huntingdon (c
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Use of the term
By convention the label is considered to cover the period from AD 500 to AD 850, approximately representing the period following the departure of Roman legions from Britain until the unification of the kingdoms under Egbert of Wessex. Egbert (also spelt Ecgberht) (died 839 was King of Wessex from 802 until 839
The word heptarchy refers to the existence (as was thought) of seven kingdoms, which eventually merged to become the basis for the Kingdom of England; these were Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Mercia (ˈmɝsiə was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. The Kingdom of the East Angles or Kingdom of East Anglia was one of the ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The Kingdom of Essex ( Est Seaxna "East Saxons" was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy) was founded The Kingdom of Kent was a kingdom of Jutes in southeast England and was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. The Kingdom of Sussex, ( Suth Seaxe, ie the South Saxons was one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms the boundaries of which coincided in general with those of the earlier kingdom West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation. The period supposedly lasted until the seven kingdoms began to consolidate into larger units, but the actual events marking this transition are debatable. At various times within the conventional period, certain rulers of Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex (such as Penda of Mercia) claimed hegemony over larger areas of England; yet as late as Edwy and Edgar, it was still possible to speak of separate kingdoms within the English population. Penda (died November 15 655 was a 7th-century King of Mercia, a kingdom in what is today the English Midlands. Edwy All-Fair or Eadwig (941?&ndash October 1, 959) was the King of England from 955 until his death Edgar I the Peaceful or the Peaceable (c 7 August 943&ndash8 July 975 1
In reality the end of the Heptarchy was a gradual process. The 9th century Viking raids that led to the establishment of a Danish-controlled enclave at York, and ultimately to the Danelaw, gained considerable advantage from the petty rivalries between the old kingdoms. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: The need to unite against the common enemy was recognised, so that by the time Alfred of Wessex resisted the Danes in the late 9th century, he did so essentially as the leader of an Anglo-Saxon nation. Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c Successive kings of Wessex (and especially Athelstan) progressively reinforced the English unitary state, until the old constituent kingdoms in effect became irrelevant.
Recent research has revealed that some of the Heptarchy kingdoms (notably Essex and Sussex) did not achieve the same status as the others. Conversely, there also existed alongside the seven kingdoms a number of other political divisions which played a more significant role than previously thought. Such were the kingdoms (or sub-kingdoms) of: Bernicia and Deira within Northumbria; Lindsey in present-day Lincolnshire; the Hwicce in the southwest Midlands; the Magonsæte or Magonset, a sub-kingdom of Mercia in what is now Herefordshire; the Wihtwara, a Jutish kingdom on the Isle of Wight, originally as important as the Cantwara of Kent; the Middle Angles, a group of tribes based around modern Leicestershire, later conquered by the Mercians; the Hæstingas (around the town of Hastings in Sussex); and the Gewissæ, a Saxon tribe in what is now southern Hampshire later developing into the kingdom of Wessex. Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland and the North-East of Deira was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD Lindsey or Linnuis is the name of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom that lay between the Humber and The Wash, forming its inland boundaries from the course Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. The Hwicce (also spelt Hwicca or Wiccia) were one of the peoples of Anglo-Saxon England. Magonsæte was a minor sub- kingdom of the greater Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, thought to be coterminous with the Diocese of Hereford Constitution Herefordshire was reconstituted both as a new Non-metropolitan district (effective 19th July 1996 and as a new County comprising the area of the The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the The Kingdom of Kent was a kingdom of Jutes in southeast England and was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format The Middle Angles were an important ethnic or cultural group within the larger kingdom of Mercia in England in the Anglo-Saxon period Leicestershire (ˈlɛstəʃə(r or ˈlɛstəʃɪə(r abbreviation Leics The Haestingas, or alternatatively Heastingas or Hæstingas, were one of the tribes of Anglo-Saxon Britain. Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England; it is also the administrative centre for the Borough of the same name Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. Gewissae or Gewisse was a tribal grouping of the upper Thames region of England which formed one of the bases of the kingdom of Wessex. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation.
Certainly the term Heptarchy has been considered unsatisfactory since the early 20th century, and many professional historians no longer use it, feeling that it does not accurately describe the period to which it refers. However, it is still sometimes used as a label of convenience for a phase in the development of England.
Anglo-Saxon England heptarchy
The supposed separate kingdoms which made up Anglo-Saxon England were:
- Kent
- Sussex
- Wessex
- Essex
- East Anglia
- Mercia
- Northumbria, including sub-kingdoms Bernicia and Deira
Other minor kingdoms and territories
- Kingdom of Cornwall
- Isle of Wight, also known as the Wihtwara
- the Meonwara
- Surrey
- Kingdom of the Iclingas, a precursor state to Mercia
- Lindsey
- the Hwicce
- Magonsæte
- Pecsæte
- Wreocensæte
- Tomsæte
- Haestingas
- Middle Angles
References
- Monarchs of Britain, Encyclopædia Britannica
- Westermann Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte
See also
- History of Anglo-Saxon England
- Related terms : Bretwalda, High King for hegemons among Kings
- Compare : Tetrarchy
- Cornovii (Cornish)
External links
- The Burghal Hidage - Wessex's fortified burhs
| Preceded by Sub-Roman Britain |
The Heptarchy circa 550–927 |
Succeeded by Kingdom of England |
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