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Statue in Brunswick Cathedral, said to be showing Henry the Lion.
Statue in Brunswick Cathedral, said to be showing Henry the Lion. The Brunswick Cathedral, in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick Germany, is a large Protestant church dedicated to Saint Blaise

Henry the Lion (German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129 – 6 August 1195) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, which duchies he held until 1180. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. See also Elder House of Welf The House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European Dynasty that has included many German and British This article lists Dukes Electors and Kings ruling over territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918 The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria. A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess.

He was one of the most powerful German princes of his time, until the rival Hohenstaufen dynasty succeeded in isolating him and eventually deprived him of his duchies of Bavaria and Saxony during the reign of his cousin Frederick I and of Frederick's son and successor Henry VI. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned Henry VI (November 1165 – 28 September 1197) was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197 Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King

At the height of his reign, Henry ruled over a vast territory stretching from the coast of the North and Baltic Seas to the Alps, and from Westphalia to Pomerania. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Bielefeld, Bochum, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster Henry achieved this great power in part by his political and military acumen and in part through the legacies of his four grandparents.

Contents

Biography

Born in Ravensburg, he was the son of Henry the Proud, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, who was the son of Duke Henry the Black and an heiress of the Billungs, former dukes of Saxony. Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg. Henry the Proud (c 1108 &ndash 20 October 1139) was the Duke of Bavaria ( Henry X, 1126&ndash1139 Duke of Saxony ( Henry Henry IX (died 13 December 1126) called the Black, a member of the House of Welf, was duke of Bavaria from 1120 to 1126 The House of Billung was a Dynasty of Saxon noblemen in the 9th through 12th centuries Henry's mother was Gertrud, only daughter of Emperor Lothair II and his wife Richenza of Northeim, heiress of the Saxon territories of Northeim and the properties of the Brunones, counts of Brunswick. Lothair III of Supplinburg (1075 &ndash 1137 was Duke of Saxony (1106 King of Germany (1125 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 to 1137 Northeim is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, seat of the district of Northeim, with a population of 31000 (as of 2002 The Brunonen (Latin Brunones) were a Saxon noble family in the 10th and 11th centuries who owned property in Eastphalia (around Braunschweig, known as Brunswiek in Low German, is a city of 245810 people (as of 31 December 2007 located in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Henry's father died in 1139, aged 32, when Henry was still a child. King Conrad III had dispossessed Henry the Proud, who had been his rival for the crown in 1138, of his duchies in 1138 and 1139, handing Saxony to Albert the Bear and Bavaria to Leopold of Austria. Conrad III may refer to Conrad III of Germany Conrad III of Provence (Conrad I of Burgundy Conrad III of Dachau Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bär c 1100&ndash18 November 1170 was the first Margrave of Brandenburg (as Albert I from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke Leopold IV, the Generous (c 1108&ndash October 18, 1141) was Margrave of Austria from 1136 and Duke of Bavaria from 1139 until his Henry, however, did not relinquish his claims to his inheritance, and Conrad returned Saxony to him in 1142. A participant in the 1147 Wendish Crusade, Henry also reacquired Bavaria by a decision of the new Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1156. The Wendish Crusade (Wendenkreuzzug was an 1147 campaign one of the Northern Crusades and also a part of the Second Crusade, led primarily by the Kingdom of Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned

Henry is the founder of Munich (1157/58; München) and Lübeck (1159); he also founded and developed the cities of Stade, Lüneburg and Brunswick. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major This article discusses the German city For the unit of measure see Stadia (length. Lüneburg, also known as Lueneburg and Lunenburg in English, is a City in Lower Saxony, Germany. Braunschweig, known as Brunswiek in Low German, is a city of 245810 people (as of 31 December 2007 located in Lower Saxony, Germany. In Brunswick, his capital, he had a bronze lion, his heraldic animal, erected in the yard of his castle Dankwarderode in 1166 — the first bronze statue north of the Alps. Later, he had Brunswick Cathedral built close to the statue. The Brunswick Cathedral, in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick Germany, is a large Protestant church dedicated to Saint Blaise

Coronation of Henry the Lion and Matilda of England (1188).
Coronation of Henry the Lion and Matilda of England (1188).

In 1147 Henry married Clementia of Zähringen, thereby gaining her hereditary territories in Swabia. Zähringen is the name of an old and influential German noble family taken from the castle and village of that name Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic He divorced her in 1162, apparently under pressure from Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who did not cherish Guelphish possessions in his home area and offered Henry several fortresses in Saxony in exchange. In 1168 Henry married Matilda (1156 -1189), the daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and sister of Richard Lionheart. Matilda of England (also called Maud; 1156 &ndash 13 July 1189) was the eldest daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine For other Eleanors of England see Eleanor of England (disambiguation Eleanor Duchess of Aquitaine (1122&ndash1 April 1204 Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death

Henry long and faithfully supported his older cousin, Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa), in his attempts to solidify his hold on the Imperial Crown and his repeated wars with the cities of Lombardy and the Popes, several times turning the tide of battle in Frederick's favor with his fierce Saxon knights. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the But in 1174, Henry refused to aid Frederick in a renewed invasion of Lombardy because he was preoccupied with securing his own borders in the East. He did not consider these Italian adventures worth the effort, even after Frederick offered him the rich Imperial City of Goslar in southern Saxony as a reward, a prize Henry had long coveted. Goslar is a historic Town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern

Henry's duchies Saxony and Bavaria
Henry's duchies Saxony and Bavaria

Barbarossa's expedition into Lombardy ended in utter failure. He bitterly resented Henry for failing to support him. Taking advantage of the hostility of other German princes to Henry, who had successfully established a powerful and contiguous state comprising Saxony, Bavaria and substantial territories in the north and east of Germany, Frederick had Henry tried in absentia for insubordination by a court of bishops and princes in 1180. Declaring that Imperial law overruled traditional German law, the court had Henry stripped of his lands and declared him an outlaw. Frederick then invaded Saxony with an Imperial army to bring his cousin to his knees. Henry's allies deserted him, and he finally had to submit in November 1181 at a Reichstag in Erfurt. The Reichstag ( German for "Imperial Diet " was the Parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, Erfurt (ˈɛɐ̯fʊɐ̯t is a City in central Germany. It is the Capital of the state of Thuringia with a population of 202619 (2006 He was exiled from Germany in 1182 for three years, stayed with his father-in-law, Henry II of England, in Normandy before being allowed back into Germany in 1185. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. He was exiled again in 1188. His wife Matilda died in 1189.

When Frederick Barbarossa went on the Crusade of 1189, Henry returned to Saxony, mobilized an army of his faithful, and conquered and ravaged the rich city of Bardowick as punishment for her disloyalty. The Third Crusade (1189&ndash1192 also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin Bardowick is a Municipality in the district of Lüneburg in Lower Saxony, Germany. Only the churches were left standing. Barbarossa's son, Emperor Henry VI, again defeated the Duke, but in 1194, with his end approaching, he made his peace with the Emperor, and returned to his much diminished lands around Brunswick, where he finished his days as duke of Brunswick, peacefully sponsoring arts and architecture. Henry VI (November 1165 – 28 September 1197) was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197 Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King He died on 6 August 1195. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.

The picture at the top right, taken from his tomb in Brunswick Cathedral constructed between 1230 and 1240, shows an idealized image. When the Nazis exhumed his corpse, they were disappointed to find a comparatively small man with black hair. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German This, presumably, was an inheritance from the northern Italian ancestors of the Gyelphs, the counts of Este. "Este" redirects here For the city see Este Italy. For Tolkien's fictional character see Estë.

Ancestors

Henry's ancestors in three generations
Henry the Lion Father:
Henry X, Duke of Bavaria		 Paternal Grandfather:
Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria		 Paternal Great-grandfather:
Welf I, Duke of Bavaria
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Judith of Flanders
Paternal Grandmother:
Wulfhild		 Paternal Great-grandfather:
Magnus, Duke of Saxony
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Sophia of Hungary
Mother:
Gertrude of Süpplingenburg		 Maternal Grandfather:
Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor		 Maternal Great-grandfather:
Gebhard of Supplinburg
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Hedwig von Formbach
Maternal Grandmother:
Richenza of Northeim		 Maternal Great-grandfather:
Henry the Fat of Northeim
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Gertrud of Brunswick

Family

Henry had the following known children:

Three other children are listed, by some sources, as having belonged to Henry and Matilda;


References

Preceded by
Albert the Bear		 Duke of Saxony
1142–1180		 Succeeded by
Bernard III
Preceded by
Henry XI		 Duke of Bavaria
1156–1180		 Succeeded by
Otto III

External links

Persondata
NAME Henry III
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinrich der Löwe
SHORT DESCRIPTION Ruler of Bavaria
DATE OF BIRTH 1129
PLACE OF BIRTH Ravensburg
DATE OF DEATH 6 August 1195
PLACE OF DEATH Braunschweig
Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bär c 1100&ndash18 November 1170 was the first Margrave of Brandenburg (as Albert I from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke This article lists Dukes Electors and Kings ruling over territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918 Heinrich (Henry II, (1107 &ndash January 13, 1177) Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1140-1141 Margrave of Austria from 1141 to 1156 The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria. Not to be confused with Duke Otto I 976-982 Duke of Bavaria (as Otto I Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
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