Henry V
King of England, Prince Regent of France, Lord of Ireland (more...)
Reign	21 March 1413 – 31 August 1422
Coronation	1413
Predecessor	Henry IV
Successor	Henry VI
Consort	Catherine of Valois
Issue
Henry VI
Detail Titles and styles
The King The Prince of Wales The Duke of Cornwall The Duke of Lancaster
Royal house	House of Lancaster
Father	Henry IV
Mother	Mary de Bohun
Born	16 September 1387(1387-09-16) Monmouth, Wales
Died	31 August 1422 (aged 34) Bois de Vincennes, France
Burial	Westminster Abbey, London

Henry V (16 September 1387 – 31 August 1422) was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422. This is about the Welsh town of Monmouth For other uses see Monmouth (disambiguation. Monmouth Castle is a Castle site in the town of Monmouth, County town of Monmouthshire, south east Wales. The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during

Henry was the son of Henry of Bolingbroke, later Henry IV, and sixteen-year-old Mary de Bohun, who was to die in childbirth at 26, before Bolingbroke became king. Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 Mary de Bohun (c 1369 &ndash 4 June 1394 was the first wife of King Henry IV of England and the mother of King Henry V, but was never queen as she died before

At the time of his birth during the reign of Richard II, Henry was fairly far removed from the throne, preceded by the king and another collateral line of heirs. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Roger de Mortimer 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster ( 11 April, 1374 &ndash 20 July, 1398) was the Heir presumptive to The precise date and even year of his birth are therefore not definitely recorded; sources offer as the most likely either 9 August or 16 September, in 1386 or 1387. ^[1] By the time Henry died, he had not only consolidated power as the King of England but had also effectively accomplished what generations of his ancestors had failed to achieve through decades of war: unification of the crowns of England and France in a single person. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In 2002, he was ranked 72nd in the 100 Greatest Britons poll.

Early accomplishments

Upon the exile of Henry's father in 1398, when Henry was twelve, Richard II took the boy into his own charge and treated him kindly. Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 The young Henry accompanied King Richard to Ireland, while in the royal service there, visiting the castle at Trim in Meath, the ancient meeting place of the Irish Parliament. In 1399, the Lancastrian usurpation brought Henry's father to the throne and Henry recalled from Ireland into prominence as heir to the kingdom of England. The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. He was created Prince of Wales on the day of his father's coronation. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom He was created Duke of Lancaster on 10 November 1399, the third person to hold the title that year. There were several Dukes of Lancaster in the 14th and early 15th Centuries Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw His other titles were Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, and Duke of Aquitaine.

From October 1400, the administration was conducted in his name. Less than three years later, Henry was in actual command of part of the English forces — he led his own army into Wales against Owain Glyndŵr and returned to join forces with his father to fight Harry Hotspur at Shrewsbury in 1403. Owain Glyndŵr (pronounced 'owain glin'dwr or Owain Glyn Dŵr, Anglicised by Shakespeare into Owen Glendower (c The Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on July 21, 1403, at what is now Battlefield in Shropshire, England, ^[2] It was there that the sixteen-year-old prince was almost killed by an arrow which became lodged in his face. An ordinary soldier would have been left to die from such a wound, but Henry had the benefit of the best possible care, and, over a period of several days after the incident, the royal physician crafted a special tool to extract the tip of the arrow without doing further damage. The operation was successful, though it left the prince with permanent scars which would serve as a testimony to his experience in battle. ^[3]

Energetic and dynamic, Henry is perhaps best remembered for his victory at Agincourt, a chapter in his life immortalized in Shakespeare's play. The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. His marriage to Catherine of Valois, daughter of the King of France, was designed to bring peace to two nations that had been at war for more than 80 years; the couple's firstborn son was named as heir to the throne of France. However, Henry V died while his son, Henry VI, was an infant, and the power struggle over control of the French throne led to renewed hostilities in the Hundred Years' War. Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior

Role in government and conflict with Henry IV

English Royalty
House of Lancaster
Armorial of Plantagenet
Henry V
Henry VI

A statue to Henry V below the clock face of the Shire Hall in Monmouth. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Family chief Heirs cadets House of Lancaster House of York Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom Henry V was born in Monmouth Castle in 1387 and the statue was placed on the Shire Hall in 1792

The Welsh revolt of Owain Glyndŵr absorbed Henry's energies until 1408. Then, as a result of the king's ill-health, Henry began to take a wider share in politics. From January 1410, helped by his uncles Henry and Thomas Beaufort — legitimated sons of John of Gaunt — he had practical control of the government. Henry Beaufort (c 1375 &ndash 11 April 1447) was a medieval English clergyman and Bishop of Winchester, an anomaly in being Thomas Beaufort Duke of Exeter (c 1377 &ndash c 31 December 1426) was an English military commander during the Hundred Years' War, and John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster (second creation 1st Duke of Aquitaine (6 March 1340 &ndash 3 February 1399 was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third

Both in foreign and domestic policy he differed from the king, who in November 1411 discharged the prince from the council. The quarrel of father and son was political only, though it is probable that the Beauforts had discussed the abdication of Henry IV, and their opponents certainly endeavoured to defame the prince. It may be to that political enmity that the tradition of Henry's riotous youth, immortalised by Shakespeare, is partly due. William Shakespeare ( baptised Henry's record of involvement in war and politics, even in his youth, disproves this tradition. The most famous incident, his quarrel with the chief justice, has no contemporary authority and was first related by Sir Thomas Elyot in 1531. Sir Thomas Elyot (c 1490 &ndash March 26, 1546) was an English Diplomat and scholar

The story of Falstaff originated partly in Henry's early friendship with Sir John Oldcastle. Sir John Falstaff is a Fictional character who appears in three plays by William Shakespeare as a companion to Prince Hal the future King Henry V. Sir John Oldcastle (d December 14, 1417) English Lollard leader was son of Sir Richard Oldcastle of Almeley in northwest That friendship, and the prince's political opposition to Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, perhaps encouraged Lollard hopes. Thomas Arundel (1353 - 19 February 1414 was Archbishop of Canterbury in 1397 and from 1399 until his death an outspoken opponent of the Lollards The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Lollardy was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the mid- 14th century to the English Reformation. If so, their disappointment may account for the statements of ecclesiastical writers, like Thomas Walsingham, that Henry on becoming king was changed suddenly into a new man. Thomas Walsingham (d c 1422 was an English chronicler Life He was probably educated at St Albans Abbey at St Albans, Hertfordshire

Accession to the throne

After Henry IV died on 20 March 1413, Henry V succeeded him the next day and was crowned on 9 April 1413. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)

Domestic policy

Henry tackled all of the domestic policies together, and gradually built on them a wider policy. From the first, he made it clear that he would rule England as the head of a united nation, and that past differences were to be forgotten. The late King Richard II of England was honourably reinterred; the young Mortimer was taken into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered in the last reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Edmund de Mortimer 5th Earl of March and 7th Earl of Ulster ( 6 November 1391 &ndash 18 January 1425) was while a young child briefly Henry used his personal influence in vain, and the gravest domestic danger was Lollard discontent. Lollardy was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the mid- 14th century to the English Reformation. But the king's firmness nipped the movement in the bud (January 1414), and made his own position as ruler secure.

With the exception of the Southampton Plot in favour of Mortimer, involving Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham and Richard, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of the future King Edward IV of England) in July 1415, the rest of his reign was free from serious trouble at home. The Southampton Plot of 1415 was a conspiracy against Henry V of England, aimed at replacing him with Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March. Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham KG (c 1376 &ndash August 5, 1415) was a favourite of King Henry V of England. Richard of Conisburgh 3rd Earl of Cambridge (c 1375 &ndash 5 August 1415) was the younger son of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York and Isabella Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October Henry V promoted the use of the English language in government. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States He was the first king to use English in his personal correspondence since the Norman conquest 350 years before. ^[4][5]

Foreign affairs

Henry could now turn his attention to foreign affairs. A writer of the next generation was the first to allege that Henry was encouraged by ecclesiastical statesmen to enter into the French war as a means of diverting attention from home troubles. Ecclesiology (from Greek grc ἐκκλησίᾱ ekklēsiā, "congregation church" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This story seems to have no foundation. Old commercial disputes and the support which the French had lent to Owain Glyndŵr were used as an excuse for war, whilst the disordered state of France afforded no security for peace. The French king, Charles VI, was prone to mental illness, and his eldest son was an unpromising prospect. Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the

Following Agincourt, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund made a visit to Henry in hopes of making peace between England and France. For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund ( February 14, 1368 – December 9, His goal was to persuade Henry to modify his demands against the French. Henry lavishly entertained the emperor and even had him enrolled in the Order of the Garter. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients Sigismund in turn inducted Henry into the Order of the Dragon. The Order of the Dragon ( lat. Societas Draconistrarum, ger. der Drachenorden, hun. ^[6] Henry had intended to crusade for the order after uniting the English and French thrones, but he died before fulfilling his plans. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally ^[7][8][9] Sigismund left England several months later, having signed the Treaty of Canterbury, acknowledging English claims to France.

Campaigns in France

Henry V of England depicted in Cassell's History of England (1902)

Henry may have regarded the assertion of his own claims as part of his royal duty, but in any case, a permanent settlement of the national debate was essential to the success of his world policy.

1415 campaign

Henry sailed for France on 11 August 1415, where his forces besieged the fortress at Harfleur, capturing it on 22 September. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Harfleur is a commune in the Seine-Maritime département of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Afterwards, Henry was obliged to march with his army across the French countryside with the intention to reach Calais. Calais (kaˈlɛ in English often kæˈleɪ traditional English pronunciation /ˈkælɨs/ Kales is a town in northern France. On the plains near the village of Agincourt, he turned to give battle to a pursuing French army. Despite his men-at-arms being exhausted and outnumbered, Henry led his men into battle, decisively defeating the French. With its brilliant conclusion at Agincourt on the 25 October 1415, this was only the first step. The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a

Diplomacy and command of the sea

The command of the sea was secured by driving the Genovese allies of the French out of the Channel. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Diplomacy successfully detached Emperor Sigismund from France, and by the Treaty of Canterbury (1416) paved the way to end the schism in the Church. For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund ( February 14, 1368 – December 9, Sigismund Holy Roman Emperor began to shift his alliance from France to England after the French defeat at the Battle of Agincourt. The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417

1417 campaign

So, with those two allies gone, and after two years of patient preparation following Agincourt, in 1417, the war was renewed on a larger scale. The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. Lower Normandy was quickly conquered, Rouen cut off from Paris and besieged. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The French were paralysed by the disputes of Burgundians and Armagnacs. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) This article is about the historical party during the Hundred Years' War Henry skilfully played them off one against the other, without relaxing his warlike energy. In January 1419, Rouen fell. Those Norman French who had resisted were severely punished: Alan Blanchard, who had hung English prisoners from the walls, was summarily executed; Robert de Livet, Canon of Rouen, who had excommunicated the English king, was packed off to England and imprisoned for five years. ^[10]

By August, the English were outside the walls of Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The intrigues of the French parties culminated in the assassination of John the Fearless by the Dauphin's partisans at Montereau (10 September 1419). John the Fearless (Jean sans Peur also John II Duke of Burgundy, known as John of Valois and John of Burgundy ( May 28 1371 The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the Montereau is a commune of the Loiret département, in France. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Philip, the new duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon also Philip III Duke of Burgundy ( July 31, 1396 &ndash June 15, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy After six months of negotiation, the Treaty of Troyes recognised Henry as the heir and regent of France (see English Kings of France), and on 2 June 1420, he married Catherine of Valois the king's daughter. The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that Henry V of England would inherit the throne of France upon the death of King Charles VI of France. The English claims to the French throne have a long and rather complex history between the 1340s and the 1800s Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 &ndash 3 January 1437 was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422 From June to July, his army besieged and took the castle at Montereau. He besieged and captured Melun in November, returning to England shortly thereafter. Melun is a commune in the southeastern Suburbs of Paris, France.

1421 campaign

On 10 June 1421, Henry sailed back to France for what would be his last military campaign. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem From July to August, Henry's forces besieged and captured Dreux, thus relieving allied forces at Chartres. That October, his forces lay siege to Meaux, capturing it on 2 May 1422. Meaux is a commune of Seine-et-Marne, in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Henry V died suddenly on 31 August 1422 at Bois de Vincennes near Paris, apparently from dysentery which he had contracted during the siege of Meaux. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne The Bois de Vincennes is a park in the English landscape manner to the east of Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is an infection of the digestive system that results in severe Diarrhea containing mucus and blood He was 34 years old. Before his death, Henry V named his brother John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford regent of France in the name of his son Henry VI, then only a few months old. John of Lancaster 1st Duke of Bedford ( 20 June 1389 – 14 September 1435) also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving Henry V did not live to be crowned King of France himself, as he might confidently have expected after the Treaty of Troyes, as ironically the sickly Charles VI, to whom he had been named heir, survived him by two months. Catherine took Henry's body to London and he was buried in Westminster Abbey on 7 November 1422. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat

Following his death, Catherine had a long relationship with a Welsh courtier, Owen Tudor, whom she may secretly have married. Owain ap Mredydd (or Owen ap Meredith ap Tewdwr or Owen Tudur or Owen Tudor) (c They were the grandparents of King Henry VII of England.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Arms

As Prince of Wales, Henry's arms were those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of three points. ^[11] Upon his accession, he inherited use of the arms of the kingdom undifferenced.

Ancestry

Notes

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• Christopher Allmand, Henry V (London, 1992)
• Henry V. Christopher Thomas Allmand (b 1936 is an English medieval historian with a special focus on the Late Middle Ages in England and France, and The Practice of Kinship, edited by G. L. Harris (Oxford, 1985)
• P. Earle, The Life and times of Henry V (London, 1972)
• H. F. Hutchinson, Henry V. A Biography (London, 1967)
• Juliet Barker, Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England (London, 2005)

See also

• Dieu et mon droit
• English Longbow
• Davy Gam
• Cultural depictions of Henry V of England

External links

• J. Juliet R V Barker (born 1958 is a British Historian, specialising in the Middle Ages and literary biography Dieu et mon droit has generally been used as the Motto of English, and later British, monarchs since being adopted by Henry V (1413–1422 The English longbow, also called the Welsh longbow, was a powerful type of medieval Longbow (a tall bow for Archery) about 6 ft Dafydd ap Llewelyn ap Hywel (c 1380 - October 25 1415) better known as Dafydd Gam or Davy Gam, was a Welsh Medieval Henry V of England has been depicted in popular culture a number of times Endell Tyler. Henry of Monmouth:Memoirs of Henry the Fifth Volume 1, Volume 2 at Project Gutenberg
• Henry V of England at Genealogics
• Henry V Chronology
• About.com - Biography of Henry V
• Britannia: Monarchs of England - Henry V
• Columbia Encyclopedia: Henry V
• Official site of the Royal family: Henry V
• A BBC piece presenting an alternative version of Henry V
• Illustrated history of Henry V
• Works by or about Henry V of England in libraries (WorldCat catalog)