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"Prince Hal" redirects here. For the American film director, see Hal Prince. Harold Smith Prince (born January 30 1928) is an American Theatrical producer and director associated with many of the best-known Broadway
Title page of the first quarto (1600)
Title page of the first quarto (1600)

Henry V is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed to be written in 1599. William Shakespeare ( baptised It is based on the life of King Henry V of England, and focuses on events immediately before and after the Battle of Agincourt during the Hundred Years' War. Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior

The play is the final part of a tetralogy, preceded by Richard II, Henry IV, part 1 and Henry IV, part 2. A tetralogy is a compound work that is made up of four ( Numerical prefix tetra-) distinct works King Richard the Second is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to be written in approximately 1595 Henry IV Part 1 is a History play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written no later than 1597 Henry IV Part 2 is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed written between 1596 and 1599 The original audiences would thus have already been familiar with the title character, who was depicted in the Henry IV plays as a wild, undisciplined lad known as "Prince Hal. " In Henry V, the young prince has become a mature man and embarks on an attempted conquest of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Contents

Sources

Shakespeare's primary source for Henry V, as for most of his chronicle histories, was Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles; the publication of the second edition in 1587 provides a terminus ad quem for the play. Raphael Holinshed (died c 1580 was an English Chronicler whose work commonly known as Holinshed's Chronicles, was one of the major sources used by Edward Hall's The Union of the Two Illustrious Families of Lancaster and York appears also to have been consulted, and scholars have supposed Shakespeare familiar with Samuel Daniel's poem on the civil wars. Edward Hall (also Halle; c 1498 &ndash 1547 English chronicler and Lawyer, was born about the end of the 15th century being a son of John Hall Samuel Daniel (1562 &ndash October 14, 1619) was an English poet and historian. The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485 were a series of dynastic Civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York

Date and text

Facsimile of the first page of The Life of Henry the Fifth from the First Folio, published in 1623
Facsimile of the first page of The Life of Henry the Fifth from the First Folio, published in 1623

On the basis of an apparent allusion to Essex's failed mission to quell Tyrone's Rebellion, the play is thought to date from early 1599. Mr William Shakespeares Comedies Histories & Tragedies is the first published collection of William Shakespeare 's plays Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex ( 10 November 1566 &ndash 25 February 1601) a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England The Nine Years War (Cogadh na Naoi mBliana in Ireland took place from 1594 to 1603 and is also known as Tyrone's Rebellion. [1]The Chronicle History of Henry the fifth was entered into the Register of the Stationers Company on August 14, 1600 by the bookseller Thomas Pavier; the first quarto was published before the end of the year—though by Thomas Millington and John Busby rather than Pavier. The Stationers' Register was a record book maintained by the Stationers' Company of London The Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers (better known as the Stationers' Company) is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Thomas Pavier (died 1625 was a London publisher and bookseller of the early seventeenth century The size of a specific Book is measured from the head to tail of the spine and from edge to edge across the covers Thomas Millington ( fl 1591 &ndash 1603 was a London publisher of the Elizabethan era, who published first editions of three Shakespearean (Thomas Creede did the printing. Thomas Creede ( fl 1593 &ndash 1617 was a printer of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras rated as "one of the best of his time )

Q1 of Henry V is a "bad quarto," a shortened version of the play that might be a pirated copy or reported text. Bad quarto is a term and concept developed by twentieth-century Shakespeare scholars to explain some problems in the early transmission of the texts of Shakespearean A second quarto, a reprint of Q1, was published in 1602 by Pavier; another reprint was issued as Q3 in 1619, with a false date of 1608—part of William Jaggard's False Folio. False Folio is the term that Shakespeare scholars and bibliographers have applied to William Jaggard 's printing of ten Shakespearean and pseudo-Shakespearean The superior text first saw print in the First Folio in 1623. Mr William Shakespeares Comedies Histories & Tragedies is the first published collection of William Shakespeare 's plays

Performance history

A tradition, impossible to verify, holds that Henry V was the first play performed at the new Globe Theatre in the spring of 1599; the Globe would have been the "wooden O" mentioned in the Prologue. The Globe Theatre was a Theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. In 1600 the first printed text states that the play had been played "sundry times. " The earliest performance known for certain, however, occurred on January 7, 1605, at Court. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental

Samuel Pepys saw a Henry V in 1664—but it was written by Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, not by Shakespeare. Samuel Pepys, FRS (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703 was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament, who is now most famous for Roger Boyle 1st Earl of Orrery ( April 25, 1621 &ndash October 26, 1679) British soldier Statesman and Dramatist Shakespeare's play returned to the stage in 1723, in an adaptation by Aaron Hill. Aaron Hill ( February 10, 1685 – February 8, 1750) was an English Dramatist and miscellaneous [2]

There is no evidence that Henry V was popular in Shakespeare's own time. However, it is now frequently staged and many of its speeches have passed into popular culture. A stirring example is Henry's: Eve of Saint Crispin's Day speech:

Henry V:-

"This day is called the feast of Crispian:
He that outlives this day, and comes safe home,
Will stand a tip-toe when the day is named,
And rouse him at the name of Crispian. Saint Crispin's Day is the feast day of the Christian Saints Crispin and Crispinian (Also known as Crispinus and Crispianus though this
He that shall live this day, and see old age,
Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbours,
And say 'To-morrow is Saint Crispian:'
Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars.
And say 'These wounds I had on Crispin's day. '
Old men forget: yet all shall be forgot,
But he'll remember with advantages
What feats he did that day: then shall our names.
Familiar in his mouth as household words
Harry the king, Bedford and Exeter,
Warwick and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester,
Be in their flowing cups freshly remember'd.
This story shall the good man teach his son;
And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,
From this day to the ending of the world,
But we in it shall be remember'd;
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile,
This day shall gentle his condition:
And gentlemen in England now a-bed
Shall think themselves accursed they were not here,
And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks
That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day"

The longest running production of the play in Broadway history was the staging starring Richard Mansfield in 1900 which ran for 54 performances. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Richard Mansfield ( May 24 1857 - August 30 1907) was an Anglo-American Actor born in Berlin best known for his performances Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Other notable stage performances of Henry V include Charles Kean (1859), Charles Calvert (1872), Walter Hampden (1928), and Laurence Olivier at the Old Vic Theatre (1937). Charles John Kean ( January 18, 1811 - January 22, 1868) was born at Waterford Ireland, the son of the Actor Edmund Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Charles Calvert may refer to Charles Calvert 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637-1715 second Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland Charles Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Walter Hampden is the Artist name of Walter Hampden Dougherty (born June 30, 1879 in Brooklyn; died June 11, 1955 Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Laurence Kerr Olivier Baron The Old Vic is a Theatre located just south-east of Waterloo Station in London on the corner of The Cut and Waterloo Road. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Dramatis personae

Synopsis

Henry V
Henry V

Elizabethan stages did not use scenery. English Renaissance theatre is English drama written between the Reformation and the closure of the theatres in 1642. Acknowledging the difficulty of conveying great battles and shifts of location on a bare stage, Shakespeare uses as narrator a Chorus (a reference to the Greek chorus but played by a single actor), who explains the story to the audience and encourages them to use their imaginations. The Greek chorus ( choros) is believed to have grown out of the Greek Dithyrambs and Tragikon drama in tragic plays of the ancient The chorus calls for a "Muse of fire" so that the actor playing King Henry can "Assume the port of Mars. In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are Mars was the Roman Warrior god, the son of Juno and Jupiter, husband of Bellona, and the lover of Venus. " He asks, "Can this cockpit [i. A cockfight is a Blood sport between two Roosters held in a ring called a cockpit e. the theatre] hold / The vasty fields of France?" and encourages the audience to use their imaginations to overcome the stage's limitations: "Piece out our imperfections with your thoughts. "

The early scenes deal with the embarkation of Henry's fleet for France, and include a real-life incident in which the Earl of Cambridge and two others plotted to assassinate Henry at Southampton. Richard of Conisburgh 3rd Earl of Cambridge (c 1375 &ndash 5 August 1415) was the younger son of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York and Isabella The Southampton Plot of 1415 was a conspiracy against Henry V of England, aimed at replacing him with Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March. Henry's clever uncovering of the plot and ruthless treatment of the plotters is one indication that he has changed from the earlier plays in which he appeared.

When the Chorus reappears, he describes the country's dedication to the war effort - "They sell the pasture now to buy the horse" - and tells the audience "We'll not offend one stomach with our play. "

As with all of Shakespeare's serious plays, there are also a number of minor comic characters whose activities contrast with and sometimes comment on the main plot. In this case, they are mostly common soldiers in Henry's army, and they include Pistol, Nym, and Bardolph from the Henry IV plays. The army also includes a Scot, an Irishman, an Englishman and Fluellen, a comically stereotyped Welsh soldier, whose name is an attempt at a phonetic rendition of "Llywelyn". The play also deals briefly with the death of Falstaff, Henry's one time friend (although their relationship is fraught) from the Henry IV plays. Sir John Falstaff is a Fictional character who appears in three plays by William Shakespeare as a companion to Prince Hal the future King Henry V.

The Chorus appears again, seeking support for the English navy: "Grapple your minds to sternage of this navy" he says, notes that "the ambassador from the French comes back;/ Tells Harry that the king doth offer him / Katharine his daughter. "

At the siege of Harfleur, Henry utters one of Shakespeare's best-known speeches, beginning "Once more unto the breach, dear friends. Harfleur is a commune in the Seine-Maritime département of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France. . . ”

Katharine learns English from her gentlewoman Alice in an 1888 lithograph by Laura Alma-Tadema. Act III, Scene iv.
Katharine learns English from her gentlewoman Alice in an 1888 lithograph by Laura Alma-Tadema. Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, OM, RA ( January 8, 1836, Dronrijp, the Netherlands. Act III, Scene iv.

Before the Battle of Agincourt, victory looks uncertain, and the young king's heroic character is shown by his decision to wander around the English camp at night, in disguise, so as to comfort his soldiers and find out what they really think of him. The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. Before the battle begins, Henry rallies his troops with the famous speech:

We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile,
This day shall gentle his condition:
And gentlemen in England now a-bed
Shall think themselves accursed they were not here,
And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks
That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day. Saint Crispin's Day is the feast day of the Christian Saints Crispin and Crispinian (Also known as Crispinus and Crispianus though this

Following the victory at Agincourt, Henry attempts to woo the French princess, Catherine of Valois. Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 &ndash 3 January 1437 was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422 The action ends with the French king adopting Henry as his heir to the French throne and the prayer of the French queen "that English may as French, French Englishmen, receive each other, God speak this Amen. "

But before the curtain descends, the Chorus re-appears one more time and ruefully notes that Henry's own heir's "state, so many had the managing, that they both lost France, and made his England bleed" - a reminder of the tumultuous reign of Henry VI of England, which Shakespeare had previously brought to the stage. Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom

Views on warfare

The Battle of Agincourt from a contemporary miniature.
The Battle of Agincourt from a contemporary miniature.

Readers and audiences have interpreted the play’s attitude to warfare in several different ways. On the one hand, it seems to celebrate Henry's invasion of France and valorises military might. Alternatively, it can be read as an anti-war allegory.

Some critics connect the glorification of nationalistic pride and conquest with contemporary English military ventures in Spain and Ireland. The Chorus directly refers to the military triumphs of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, in the fifth act. Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex ( 10 November 1566 &ndash 25 February 1601) a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England Henry V himself is sometimes seen as an ambivalent representation of the stage machiavel, combining apparent sincerity with a willingness to use deceit and force to attain his ends. [3]

Other commentators see the play as looking critically at the motivation for Henry's violent cause. [4] The noble words of the Chorus and Henry are consistently undermined by the actions of Pistol, Bardolph and Nym. Pistol talks in a bombastic blank verse that seems to parody Henry's own style of speech. Blank verse is a type of Poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no Rhyme. Pistol and his friends thus show up the actions of their rulers. [5] Indeed the presence of the Eastcheap characters from Henry IV has been said to underscore the element of adventurer in Henry's character as monarch. Eastcheap is a road in the City of London. Its name derives from cheap, market with the prefix "East" distinguishing it from the other former City of London [6]

The American critic Norman Rabkin described the play as a picture with two simultaneous meanings[7]. Rabkin argues that the play never settles on one viewpoint towards warfare, Henry himself switching his style of speech constantly, talking of "rape and pillage" during Harfleur but of patriotic glory in his St. Crispin's Day speech.

The play's ambiguity has led to diverse interpretations in performance. Laurence Olivier's 1944 film, made during the Second World War, emphasises the patriotic side, while Kenneth Branagh's 1989 film stresses the horrors of war. Laurence Kerr Olivier Baron Henry V is a 1944 film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's play of the same name. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Kenneth Charles Branagh (born 10 December 1960) is an Emmy Award -winning Academy Award -nominated Northern Irish Actor Henry V is a 1989 film directed by Kenneth Branagh, and based upon the Shakespeare play about the famous English King A 2003 Royal National Theatre production featured Henry as a modern war general, ridiculing the Iraq invasion. The Royal National Theatre, located on the South Bank in the London Borough of Lambeth, England.

Adaptations and cultural references

Poster of Olivier's 1944 Henry V.
Poster of Olivier's 1944 Henry V.

Film adaptations

There have been two major film adaptations. The first, directed by and starring Laurence Olivier in 1944, is a colourful and highly stylised version which begins in the Globe Theatre and then gradually shifts to a realistic evocation of the Battle of Agincourt. Henry V is a 1944 film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's play of the same name. Laurence Kerr Olivier Baron Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Globe Theatre was a Theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. Olivier's film was made during the Second World War and was intended as a patriotic rallying cry. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

The second major film, directed by and starring Kenneth Branagh in 1989, attempts to give a more realistic evocation of the period and lays more emphasis on the horrors of war. Henry V is a 1989 film directed by Kenneth Branagh, and based upon the Shakespeare play about the famous English King Kenneth Charles Branagh (born 10 December 1960) is an Emmy Award -winning Academy Award -nominated Northern Irish Actor Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) It features a mud-spattered and gruesome Battle of Agincourt.

Cultural references

References

  1. ^ Shakespeare, William. Henry V. Gary Taylor, editor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982: 5
  2. ^ F. E. Halliday, A Shakespeare Companion 1564-1964, Baltimore, Penguin, 1964.
  3. ^ Greenblatt, Stephen. Stephen Jay Greenblatt (born November 7, 1943) is a Literary critic, theorist and scholar "Invisible Bullets. " Glyph 8 (1981): 40-61.
  4. ^ Foakes, R. A. Shakespeare and Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 105.
  5. ^ Watts, Cedric and John Sutherland, Henry V, War Criminal?: And Other Shakespeare Puzzles. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 200: 117
  6. ^ Spenser, Janet M. "Princes, Pirates, and Pigs: Criminalizing Wars of Conquest in Henry V. " Shakespeare Quarterly 47 (1996): 168.
  7. ^ Rabkin, Norman. Shakespeare and the Problem of Meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981: 62.
  8. ^ American Rhetoric: Movie Speech from Independence Day - President Addresses the U.S. Fighter Pilots

External links

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