This article is about the sculptor Henry Moore. For others of the name, see Henry Moore (disambiguation). Henry Moore (1898&ndash1986 was a British sculptor and artist

Henry Moore photographed by Lothar Wolleh

"Three Piece Reclining figure No. Lothar Wolleh ( January 20, 1930 – September 28, 1979) was a well-known German photographer 1" is in a park in Moore's county of Yorkshire. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain.

Henry Spencer Moore OM CH FBA, (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986) was an English artist and sculptor. The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. The Federation of British Artists (FBA is an umbrella organisation for 9 art societies Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating The son of a mining engineer, he was born in the Yorkshire town of Castleford. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Castleford is one of the five towns within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. Moore became well-known for his larger-scale abstract cast bronze and carved marble sculptures. Abstract art uses a Visual language of form color and line to create a composition which exists independently of visual references to the world Substantially supported by the British art establishment, Moore helped to introduce a particular form of modernism to the United Kingdom. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century

Moore is best known for his abstract monumental bronzes which can be seen in many places around the world as public works of art. The subjects are usually abstractions of the human figure, typically mother-and-child or reclining figures. Apart from a flirtation with family groups in the 1950s, the subject is nearly always a woman. Characteristically, Moore's figures are pierced, or contain hollow places. Many interpret the undulating form of his reclining figures as references to the landscape and hills of Yorkshire where Moore was born.

His ability to satisfy large-scale commissions made him exceptionally wealthy towards the end of his life. However, he lived frugally and most of his wealth went to endow the Henry Moore Foundation, which continues to support education and promotion of the arts. The Henry Moore Foundation is a Registered charity in England, established for education and promotion of the Fine arts &mdash in particular to advance

Biography

Early life

As a boy, Moore was inspired by the sculptures of Michelangelo, among which are four significant reclining figures. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all

Moore was born in Castleford, West Yorkshire, England, the seventh of eight children to Raymond Spencer Moore and Mary Baker. Castleford is one of the five towns within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland His father was a mining engineer who rose to be under-manager of the Wheldale colliery in Castleford. He was an autodidact with an interest in music and literature, and he saw formal education as the route to advancement for his children, determined that his sons would not work down the mine.

Moore attended infant and elementary schools in Castleford, and began modelling in clay and carving in wood. He decided to become a sculptor when he was only eleven, after hearing of Michelangelo's achievements. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all When he was eleven he won a scholarship to attend Castleford Secondary School, as several of his brothers and sisters had done. There, his art teacher introduced him to wider aspects of art, and with her encouragement he determined to make art his career and sit examinations for a scholarship to the local art college. Despite his showing early promise, Moore's parents were against him training as a sculptor, which they saw as manual labour without much prospect of a career. Instead, after a brief introduction as a student teacher, he became a teacher at the school he had attended.

On turning 18 in 1917, at the height of World War I, Moore was called up into the army. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The youngest man in his regiment, the Prince of Wales's Own Civil Service Rifles, he was injured in a gas attack during the Battle of Cambrai. The Prince of Wales 's Own Civil Service Rifles were a Regiment in the Volunteer Force of the British Army from 1798 to 1921 they saw active The Battle of Cambrai ( 20 November - 3 December 1917) was a British campaign of World War I. After recovering in hospital, he saw out the remainder of the war as a physical training instructor. In stark contrast to many of his contemporaries, Moore's wartime experience was largely untroubled. He said later, "for me the war passed in a romantic haze of trying to be a hero. " After the war, Moore received an ex-serviceman's grant to continue his education and became the first student of sculpture at Leeds School of Art in 1919 — the school had to set up a sculpture studio especially for him. Leeds College of Art and Design is a specialist arts further and Higher education institution based in the city of Leeds in northern England

Moore was introduced to African sculpture while at Leeds.

Education

While at Leeds, Moore met fellow art student Barbara Hepworth, beginning a friendship which would last for many years. Dame Barbara Hepworth DBE (January 10 1903 &ndash May 20 1975 christened Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth) was a major British Moore was also fortunate to be introduced to African tribal sculpture, by Sir Michael Sadler, the Vice-Chancellor at the Leeds school. A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a University in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England

In 1921 Moore won a scholarship to study at the Royal College of Art (RCA) in London, where Hepworth had gone the year before. The Royal College of Art ( RCA) is a University in London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. While in London, Moore extended his knowledge of primitive art and sculpture, studying the ethnographic collections at the Victoria and Albert Museum and the British Museum. The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London.

Both Moore and Hepworth's earliest sculptures followed standard teaching in romantic Victorian style; subjects were natural forms, landscapes and figurative modelling of animals. Moore increasingly felt uncomfortable with these classically derived ideas. With his knowledge of primitivism and the influence of sculptors such as Brancusi, Epstein and Dobson he started to develop a style of direct carving in which imperfections in the material and tool marks are incorporated into the finished sculpture. Constantin Brâncuşi, ( February 19, 1876 &ndash March 16, 1957) konstanˈtin brɨnˈkuʃʲ was an internationally renowned Romanian Sir Jacob Epstein ( 10 November 1880 – 19 August 1959) was an American-born sculptor who worked chiefly in the UK where Frank Dobson (1888&ndash1963 was a British artist and sculptor This page describe terms and Jargon related to Sculpture and sculpting In doing so he had to fight against his academic tutors who did not appreciate the modern approach. In one exercise set by Derwent Wood, the professor of Sculpture at the RCA, Moore was supposed to reproduce a marble relief of Rosselli's The Virgin and Child, by first modelling the relief in plaster then reproducing it in marble using the mechanical technique of 'pointing'. Domenico Rosselli (c 1439&ndash1498 was an Italian sculptor. Details of Rosselli's life are limited but he seems to have trained in Florence. Instead, Moore carved the relief directly, even marking the surface to simulate the surface prick marks that would have been left by the pointing machine. [1] Nevertheless, in 1924, Moore won a six month travelling scholarship which he spent in Northern Italy studying the great works of Michelangelo, Giotto and several other Old Masters. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all It was also during this period that he visited Paris and saw, in the Louvre a plaster cast of a Toltec-Maya sculpture, Chac Mool. Toltec-style Vessel 1jpg|thumb|250px|right|A rather expressive orange-ware clay vessel in the Toltec style The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas This reclining figure was to have a profound effect upon Moore's work and provide its main motif for the rest of his life.

Life in Hampstead

"The West Wind" (1928-29) shows the influence of both Michelangelo's figures for the Medici Chapel and the Chac Mool figure.

On returning to London, Moore began a seven-year teaching post at the RCA. He was required to teach two days a week, which gave him plenty of time to spend on his own work. His first public commission, West Wind (1928-29) was one of the eight 'winds' reliefs high on the walls of London Underground's headquarters at 55 Broadway. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire 55 Broadway is a notable building overlooking Saint James's Park in London. The other 'winds' were carved by contemporary sculptors including Eric Gill. Arthur Eric Rowton Gill ( 22 February 1882 – 17 November 1940) was a British sculptor, typeface designer,

In July 1929, Moore married Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the RCA — Irina was born in Kiev on 26 March 1907 to Russian-Polish parents. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Her father disappeared in the Russian Revolution and her mother was evacuated to Paris where she married a British army officer. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Irina was smuggled to Paris a year later and went to school there until she was 16, after which she was sent to live with her stepfather’s relatives in Buckinghamshire. Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. With such a troubled childhood, it is not surprising that Irina had a reputation of being quiet and a little withdrawn. However, she found security in her marriage to Moore and was soon posing for him.

Shortly after getting married the pair moved to a studio in Hampstead on Parkhill Road, joining a small colony of avant-garde artists who were starting to take root there. Hampstead is an area of London, England, located north-west of Charing Cross. Shortly afterwards, Hepworth and her partner Ben Nicholson moved into a studio around the corner from Moore, while Naum Gabo, Roland Penrose and the art critic Herbert Read also lived in the area. Benjamin Lauder Nicholson OM, ( 10 April 1894 &ndash 6 February 1982) known as Ben Nicholson, was an English Naum Gabo KBE, born Naum Neemia Pevsner ( August 5 1890 - August 23 1977) was a prominent Russian sculptor Sir Roland Penrose ( 14 October 1900 – 23 April 1984) CBE, Kt, was an English artist historian and poet Sir Herbert Edward Read, DSO, MC (1893&ndash1968 was an English anarchist Poet, and Critic of Literature and This led to a rapid cross-fertilization of ideas that Read would publicise, helping to raise Moore's public profile. The area was also a stopping off point for a large number of refugee architects and designers from continental Europe enroute to America many of whom would later commission works from Moore.

In the early 1930s, Moore took up a post as the Head of the Department of Sculpture at the Chelsea School of Art. The Chelsea College of Art and Design, the erstwhile Chelsea School of Art, is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London and one of the world's Artistically, Moore, Hepworth and other members of the 7 and 5 Society would develop steadily more abstract work, partly influenced by their frequent trips to Paris and contact with leading progressive artists, notably Picasso, Braque, Arp and Giacometti. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Georges Braque ( May 13, 1882 &ndash August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor Alberto Giacometti ( October 10, 1901 – January 11, 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman, Moore flirted with Surrealism, joining Paul Nash's Unit One Group in 1933. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Paul Nash, ( 11 May 1889 &ndash 11 July 1946) was an English War artist. Both Moore and Nash were on the organizing committee of the London International Surrealist Exhibition, which took place in 1936. In 1937 Roland Penrose purchased an abstract 'Mother and Child' in stone from Moore that he displayed in the front garden of his house in Hampstead. The piece proved controversial with other residents and a campaign was run against the piece by the local press over the next two years. At this time Moore gradually transitioned from direct carving to casting in bronze, modelling preliminary maquettes in clay or plaster. This article is about the architectural or sculptural model For the Italian animator please see Bruno Bozzetto.

This Toltec-Maya figure of Chac Mool was to influence Moore's sculpture. Toltec-style Vessel 1jpg|thumb|250px|right|A rather expressive orange-ware clay vessel in the Toltec style The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas

War artist

This inventive and productive period was brought to an end by the outbreak of the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Chelsea School of Art evacuated to Northampton and Moore resigned his teaching post. During the war, Moore was commissioned as a war artist, notably producing powerful drawings of Londoners sleeping in the London Underground while sheltering from the blitz [2]. These drawings helped to boost Moore's international reputation, particularly in America.

After their Hampstead home was hit by bomb shrapnel in 1940, he and Irina moved out of London to live in a farmhouse called Hoglands in the hamlet of Perry Green near Much Hadham, Hertfordshire. Much Hadham is a Village in east Hertfordshire, England, formerly known as Great Hadham. Hertfordshire (ˈhɑːtfədʃə(r, abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of This was to become Moore's final home and workshop. Despite acquiring significant wealth later in life, Moore never felt the need to move to a larger home and apart from adding a number of outbuildings and workshops, the house changed little.

International recognition

Family Group (1950) bronze, outside Barclay School in Stevenage, was Moore's first large scale commission following the Second World War. Place-name meaning Stevenage may derive from Old English stiþen āc / stiōen āc / stithen ac (various Old English dialects

After the war and following several earlier miscarriages, Irina gave birth to their daughter, Mary Moore on 7 March 1946. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The child was named after Moore's mother, who had died a couple of years earlier. Both the loss of his mother and the arrival of a baby focused Moore's mind on the family, which he expressed in his work by producing many mother-and-child compositions, although reclining figures also remained popular. In the same year, Moore made his first visit to America when a retrospective exhibition of his work opened at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth Kenneth Clark became an unlikely but influential champion of Moore's work and through his position as member of the Arts Council of Great Britain secured exhibitions and commissions for the artist. Kenneth McKenzie Clark Baron Clark, OM, CH, KCB, FBA ( July 13, 1903 &ndash May 21, 1983) was an In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the Venice Biennale and was one of the featured artists of the Festival of Britain in 1951 and Documenta 1 in 1955. The Venice Biennale (Biennale di Venezia also called in English the "Venice Biennial " is a major Contemporary art exhibition that takes place once The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition which opened in London and around Britain in May 1951 documenta is an exhibition of modern and Contemporary art which now takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany.

Towards the end of the war, Moore had been approached by Henry Morris who was in the process of trying to reform education with the concept of the Village College. Henry Morris (1889 &ndash 1962 is known primarily as the founder of Village Colleges He was the Chief Education Officer for Cambridgeshire for over thirty years The Village College is an institution specific to Cambridgeshire, England (including since 1998 the Peterborough unitary authority area Morris had engaged Walter Gropius as the architect for his second village college at Impington near Cambridge and he wanted Moore to design a major public sculpture for the site. Walter Adolph Georg Gropius ( May 18, 1883 &ndash July 5, 1969) was a German Architect and founder of Bauhaus Histon and Impington are villages in Cambridgeshire, England, They are situated just north of Cambridge with the main bulk of the settlements being The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England Unfortunately, the County Council could not afford Gropius's full design, and scaled back the project when Gropius emigrated to America. Lacking funds, Morris had to cancel Moore's sculpture, which had not progressed beyond the maquette stage. Fortunately, Moore was able to reuse the design in 1950 for a similar commission outside a secondary school for the new town of Stevenage. Place-name meaning Stevenage may derive from Old English stiþen āc / stiōen āc / stithen ac (various Old English dialects This time, the project was completed and Family Group became Moore's first large scale public bronze.

In the 1950s, Moore began to receive increasingly significant commissions, including a Reclining Figure for the UNESCO building in Paris in 1957. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 With many more public works of art, the scale of Moore's sculptures grew significantly and he started to employ a number of assistants to work with him at Much Hadham, including Anthony Caro and Richard Wentworth. Sir Anthony Caro, OM, CBE, (born 8 March 1924 in New Malden, then in Surrey) is an English, abstract Richard Wentworth (born Samoa 1947) is an affluent British Artist curator

On the campus of the University of Chicago, twenty-five years to the minute (3:36 p. The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. m. , December 2, 1967) after the team of physicists led by Enrico Fermi achieved the first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, Moore's Nuclear Energy was unveiled on the site of what used to be the University's football field bleachers, in the squash courts beneath which the experiments had taken place. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Squash is a racquet sport that was formerly called squash racquets, a reference to the "squashable" soft ball used in the game (compared with the This twelve-foot-tall piece in the middle of a large, open plaza is often thought to represent a mushroom cloud topped by a massive human skull, but Moore's interpretation was very different. He once told a friend that he hoped viewers would "go around it, looking out through the open spaces, and that they may have a feeling of being in a cathedral. "^[1]

Nuclear Energy (1967) at the University of Chicago campus, (see above)

Legacy

The last three decades of Moore's life continued in a similar vein, with several major retrospectives around the world, notably a very prominent exhibition in the summer of 1972 in the grounds of the Forte di Belvedere overlooking Florence. The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany By the end of the 1970s, there were some 40 exhibitions a year featuring his work.

The number of commissions continued to increase; he completed Knife Edge Two Piece (below right) in 1962 for College Green next to the Houses of Parliament in London. College Green in London is a small grass-covered public area diagonally opposite the Palace of Westminster at the corner of Millbank and Abingdon Street Moore commented;

When I was offered the site near the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" . . I liked the place so much that I didn't bother to go and see an alternative site in Hyde Park — one lonely sculpture can be lost in a large park. Hyde Park is one of the largest Parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner The House of Lords site is quite different. It is next to a path where people walk and it has a few seats where they can sit and contemplate it.

As his personal wealth grew dramatically, Moore began to worry about his legacy. With the help of his daughter Mary, he set up the Henry Moore Trust in 1972, with a view to protecting his estate from death duties. In the United Kingdom, Inheritance Tax was first introduced as a tax on estates in England and Wales over a certain value from 1796 then called legacy succession By 1977 he was paying about a million pounds a year in income tax, and so to mitigate this tax burden he established the Henry Moore Foundation as a registered charity with Irina and Mary as trustees. The Foundation was established to promote the public appreciation of art and to preserve Moore's sculptures. It now runs Hoglands as a gallery and museum of Moore's workshops.

Knife Edge – Two Piece (1962) bronze, sited opposite the Houses of Parliament, Westminster, London. Westminster is an area of Central London, within the City of Westminster.

The Foundation also manages the Henry Moore Institute in Leeds that supports exhibition and research activities into international sculpture. The Henry Moore Foundation is a Registered charity in England, established for education and promotion of the Fine arts &mdash in particular to advance Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England While by the Foundation's own admission general interest in Moore's work has declined since his death, the institutions he endowed continue to play an essential role in promoting contemporary art in the United Kingdom. Although Moore had turned down a knighthood in 1951 he was later awarded the Companion of Honour in 1955 and the Order of Merit in 1963. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. He was a trustee of both the National Gallery and Tate Gallery. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in His proposal that a wing of the latter should be devoted to his sculptures aroused hostility among some artists. In 1975 he became the first President of the Turner Society, which had been founded to campaign for a separate museum in which the whole Turner Bequest might be reunited, an aim defeated by the National Gallery and Tate Gallery.

Henry Moore died on 31 August 1986, at the age of 88, in his home in Hertfordshire. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) His body is interred in the Artist's Corner at St Paul's Cathedral. St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London.

On Thursday 15 December 2005, thieves gained access to the courtyard of the Henry Moore Foundation and stole a bronze statue worth £3m ($5. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 3m). The 1969/1970 work, known as Reclining Figure LH608 is 3. 6 m long, 2 m high by 2 m wide and weighs 2. 1 tonnes. A substantial reward has been offered by the Foundation for information leading to its recovery. It is feared it may have been stolen for melting down as scrap metal. [3]

Sculpture

This bronze figure in Stuttgart is typical of Moore's earlier reclining figures.

Style

Moore's signature form is a reclining figure. Moore's exploration of this form, under the influence of the Toltec-Mayan figure he had seen at the Louvre, was to lead him to increasing abstraction as he turned his thoughts towards experimentation with the elements of design. Moore's earlier reclining figures deal principally with mass, while his later ones contrast the solid elements of the sculpture with the space, not only round them but generally through them as he pierced the forms with openings.

Earlier figures are pierced in a conventional manner, where bent limbs separate from and rejoin the body. (see Stuttgart figure, left) The later more abstract figures are often penetrated by spaces directly through the body, by which means Moore explores and alternates concave and convex shapes. These more extreme piercings developed in parallel with Barbara Hepworth's sculptures. Dame Barbara Hepworth DBE (January 10 1903 &ndash May 20 1975 christened Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth) was a major British Hepworth first pierced a torso after misreading a review of one of Henry Moore's early shows. The "Reclining Figure" (1951) outside the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, is characteristic of Moore's later sculptures, with an abstract female figure intercut with voids. The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge and is located on Trumpington Street Cambridge, England. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England There are several bronze versions of this sculpture, but this one is made from painted plaster. (see right)

When Moore's niece asked why his sculptures had such simple titles, he replied:

Technique

This figure (1951) outside the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, demonstrates the later trends in Moore's works.

Moore's early work is focused on direct carving in which the form of the sculpture evolves as the artist repeatedly whittles away at the block (see Half-figure 1932). This page describe terms and Jargon related to Sculpture and sculpting In the 1930s Moore's transition into Modernism paralleled that of Barbara Hepworth with both sculptors bouncing new ideas off each other and several other artists living in Hampstead at the time. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Dame Barbara Hepworth DBE (January 10 1903 &ndash May 20 1975 christened Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth) was a major British Hampstead is an area of London, England, located north-west of Charing Cross. Moore made many preparatory sketches and drawings for each sculpture. Most of these sketchbooks have survived, providing an insight into his development. He placed great importance on drawing, even when he had arthritis he still was able to draw. ^[2]

By the end of the 1940s Moore increasingly produced sculptures by modelling, working out the shape in clay or plaster before casting the final work in bronze using the lost wax technique. Lost-wax casting, sometimes called by the French name of cire perdue, is the process by which a bronze is cast from an artist's sculpture in industrial uses the modern process

After the Second World War Moore's bronzes took on their larger scale, particularly suited for the public art commissions he was receiving. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including As a matter of practicality he largely abandoned direct carving, and took on several assistants to help produce the maquettes. This article is about the architectural or sculptural model For the Italian animator please see Bruno Bozzetto.

At his home in Much Hadham, Moore built up a collection of natural objects; skulls, driftwood, pebbles, rocks and shells, which he would use to provide inspiration for organic forms. Much Hadham is a Village in east Hertfordshire, England, formerly known as Great Hadham. For his largest works, he often produced a half-scale, working model before scaling up for the final moulding and casting at a bronze foundry. Moore often refined the final full plaster shape and added surface marks before casting.

Gallery

Reclining figures

Draped Reclining Figure, Washington D. C. , (1952-53)

Three Piece Reclining Figure No. 2: Bridge Prop, Washington D. C. . (1963)

Two Piece Reclining Figure No. 5, Bronze (1963–64), in the grounds of Kenwood House, London. Kenwood House (also known as the Iveagh Bequest) is a former Stately home, in Hampstead, London, on the northern boundary of Hampstead Heath

Reclining Figure: Arch Leg, San Diego Museum of Art, (1969)

Other works

Locking Piece (1963) bronze, presented to the Tate Gallery and now sited in Millbank near the Tate Britain. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in Millbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Tate Britain is a part of the Tate gallery network in Britain, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives.	Man Enters the Cosmos, Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL	Large Arch, Columbus, Indiana	Hill Arches (1972-73) bronze, at the National Gallery of Australia. Man Enters the Cosmos is a cast Bronze sculpture by Henry Moore located on the Lake Michigan lakefront outside the Adler Planetarium The Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum in Chicago, Illinois was the first Planetarium built in the Western Hemisphere and is the oldest in existence The National Gallery of Australia is the premier art gallery and museum in Australia, holding over 120000 works of Art.
'Working Model for Stone Memorial', bronze sculpture by Henry Moore, 1961-1971, Honolulu Academy of Arts

Permanent exhibitions

Moore's sculptures and drawings can be seen at numerous national art galleries around the world. The Honolulu Academy of Arts was chartered in 1922 by Anna Rice Cooke (Mrs Notable collections are held at:

• Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
• Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
• Didrichsen Museum of Art and Culture, Helsinki, Finland
• Fairfield Center for Contemporary Art, Sturgeon Bay, WI
• Henry Moore Foundation, [4], Perry Green, Much Hadham, Hertfordshire, UK
• Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, UK
• Hirshhorn Museum, Washington D.C.
• Kew Gardens, London, UK
• Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, largest collection of monumental bronzes in the United States
• Paço imperial, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
• Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, and dotted around the campus of UEA, Norwich, UK. The Albright-Knox Art Gallery is a major showplace for Modern art and Contemporary art located in Buffalo New York. The Art Gallery of Ontario ( AGO) is an Art museum on the eastern edge of Toronto 's downtown Chinatown district on Dundas The Henry Moore Foundation is a Registered charity in England, established for education and promotion of the Fine arts &mdash in particular to advance The Henry Moore Foundation is a Registered charity in England, established for education and promotion of the Fine arts &mdash in particular to advance The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is an Art museum located in Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, usually referred to simply as Kew Gardens, are extensive Gardens and botanical glasshouses between Richmond and The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art is an art museum in Kansas City, Missouri. The Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts is an art gallery and museum located on the Campus of the University of East Anglia, Norwich in the United Kingdom The University of East Anglia is a campus-based University located in Norwich, England, and founded in 1963 History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund
• Tate Gallery, London, UK
• Wakefield City Art Gallery, UK
• Yorkshire Sculpture Park, near Wakefield, UK

Panorama of the Art Gallery of Ontario's Henry Moore collection, the largest public collection of the sculptor's works in the world. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in The Yorkshire Sculpture Park ( is an open-air art organisation showing work by UK and international artists including notably Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth The Art Gallery of Ontario ( AGO) is an Art museum on the eastern edge of Toronto 's downtown Chinatown district on Dundas

Notes

1. ^ "Henry Moore, sculptor". physics. uchicago. edu. Retrieved on 11 November 2007. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
2. ^ Lesley McCave (July 31, 2007), L.A. Graphic, ARTINFO, <http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/25417/la-graphic/>. Retrieved on 21 April 2008 

Bibliography and sources

King and Queen, Washington D. C. (1952)

• Biography from the Henry Moore foundation
• Review in Sculpture Magazine
• List of dates from Moore's biography at Britain Unlimited
• Unknown Author (2004). Henry Moore: At Dulwich Picture Gallery. Scala Publishers. ISBN 1-85759-352-9.  
• John Hedgecoe. A Monumental Vision: The Sculpture of Henry Moore. Collins & Brown Ltd. ISBN 1-55670-683-9.  
• Henry J. Seldis, Henry Moore in America, Praeger Publishers and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art

• Sally O'Reilly and Clare Oliver (2003). The Los Angeles County Museum of Art, also known as LACMA, is an Art museum in Los Angeles County California. Sally O'Reilly (b 1971 is a Writer, Critic, Teacher, editor and events organiser Henry Moore. Scholastic Library. ISBN 0-531-16643-0.  

External links

• Henry Moore Foundation
• 3D model of 'Recumbent Figure' from the Tate
• The UNESCO Works of Art Collection