| Henry IV | |
|---|---|
| King of England; Lord of Ireland (more...) | |
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| Henry IV depicted in Cassell's "History of England" | |
| Reign | 30 September 1399 – 20 March 1413 |
| Coronation | 13 October 1399 |
| Predecessor | Richard II |
| Successor | Henry V |
| Consort | i) Mary de Bohun (1369–1394) ii) Joanna of Navarre (1403–) |
| Issue | |
| Henry V Thomas, Duke of Clarence John, Duke of Bedford Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester Blanche, Electorial Princess Palatine Philippa, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden |
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| Royal house | House of Lancaster |
| Father | John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster |
| Mother | Blanche of Lancaster |
| Born | 3 April 1367 Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire |
| Died | 20 March 1413 (aged 45) Westminster, London |
| Burial | Canterbury Cathedral, Kent |
Henry IV (3 April 1367 – 20 March 1413) was the King of England and France and Lord of Ireland 1399–1413. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke. Bolingbroke Castle is at Bolingbroke (or Old Bolingbroke) in Lincolnshire ( Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. His father, John of Gaunt, was the third son of Edward III, and enjoyed a position of considerable influence during much of the reign of Richard II. John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster (second creation 1st Duke of Aquitaine (6 March 1340 &ndash 3 February 1399 was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Henry's mother was Blanche, heiress to the considerable Lancaster estates. Blanche of Lancaster ( March 25, 1345 &ndash September 12, 1369 Bolingbroke Castle) Countess of Derby was an English
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Siblings
One of his elder sisters, Philippa, married John I of Portugal, and his younger sister Elizabeth was the mother of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter. Princess Philippa of Lancaster, LG ( 31 March, 1360 Leicester Castle &ndash July 19, 1415 Odivelas) was an English Elizabeth Plantagenet may refer to Elizabeth Plantagenet Duchess of Exeter Elizabeth of York, known as Elizabeth of York, eldest John Holland 2nd Duke of Exeter KG ( 18 March 1395 &ndash 5 August 1447) was an English nobleman and military commander His younger half-sister Catherine, the daughter of his father's second wife, Constance of Castile, ruled as co-consort of Castile, by marrying Henry III. Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Katherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372-1418 &ndash was the daughter of John of Gaunt The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of León and Castile Henry III ( October 4, 1379 –1406 sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Enrique el Doliente was the son of John He also had four half-siblings by Katherine Swynford, his sisters' governess and his father's longtime mistress and eventual third wife. Katherine Swynford (also spelled Synford) née (de Roet (also spelled (de Rouet or (de Roelt ( 25 November These four children were surnamed Beaufort.
Henry's relationship with Katherine was always a positive one (she was governess to him and his sisters in youth). His relationship with the Beauforts varied considerably. In youth he seems to have been close to them all, but rivalries with Henry and Thomas Beaufort after 1406 proved problematic. Thomas Beaufort Duke of Exeter (c 1377 &ndash c 31 December 1426) was an English military commander during the Hundred Years' War, and His brother-in-law, Ralph Neville, remained one of his strongest supporters. Ralph de Neville 1st Earl of Westmorland (c 1364 &ndash 21 October 1425) was born in Raby Castle, County Durham, England So did his eldest half-brother, John Beaufort, even though Henry revoked Richard II's grant to John of a marquessate. John Beaufort 1st Earl of Somerset (1373 &ndash March 16, 1410) was the first of the four illegitimate children of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies Thomas Swynford, a son from Katherine's first marriage to Sir Hugh Swynford was another loyal companion and Constable of Pontefract Castle, where King Richard II is said to have died. Pontefract Castle is a castle in the town of Pontefract, in West Yorkshire, England. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Eventually, a direct descendant of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford through the Beaufort line would take the throne as Henry VII. Katherine Swynford (also spelled Synford) née (de Roet (also spelled (de Rouet or (de Roelt ( 25 November
Relationship with Richard II
Henry experienced a rather more inconsistent relationship with King Richard II than his father had. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 They were first cousins and childhood playmates, they were admitted together to the Order of the Garter in 1377, but Henry participated in the Lords Appellant's rebellion against the King in 1387. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Lords Appellant were a group of powerful Barons who came together during the 1380s to seize political control of England from King Richard II. After regaining power, Richard did not punish Henry (many of the other rebellious Barons were executed or exiled). In fact, Richard elevated Henry from Earl of Derby to Duke of Hereford. Earl of Derby is a title in the Peerage of England. The title was first adopted by Robert de Ferrers 1st Earl of Derby under a creation of 1139 The title of Duke of Hereford was created in 1397 for Henry Bolingbroke Earl of Derby, eldest son of John of Gaunt, due to his support for the King in
Henry spent a full year of 1390 supporting the unsuccessful siege of Vilnius (capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) by Teutonic Knights with his 300 fellow knights. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. During this campaign Henry Bolingbroke also bought captured Lithuanian princes and then apparently took them back to England. Henry's second expedition to Lithuania in 1392 illustrates the financial benefits to the Order of these guest crusaders. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the His small army consisted of over 100 men, including longbow archers and six minstrels, at a total cost to the Lancastrian purse of £4,360. To see other senses of this word see Longbow (disambiguation. Much of this sum benefited the local economy through the purchase of silverware and the hiring of boats and equipment. Despite the efforts of Bolingbroke and his English crusaders, two years of attacks on Vilnius proved fruitless. In 1392–1393 Henry undertook a journey to Jerusalem where he gained a reputation of a seasoned warrior and courtier. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the
However, the relationship between Henry Bolingbroke and the King encountered a second crisis in 1398, when Richard banished Henry from the kingdom for ten years after a duel of honour was called by Richard II at Gosford Green near Coventry. Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. Before the duel could take place, Richard II banished Henry from the kingdom (with the approval of Henry's father, John of Gaunt) to avoid further bloodshed between Henry and Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, who was exiled for life. Thomas de Mowbray 1st Duke of Norfolk (22 March 1366 &ndash 22 September 1399) was an English nobleman
John of Gaunt died in 1399, and without explanation, Richard cancelled the legal documents that would have allowed Henry to inherit Gaunt's land automatically; instead, Henry would be required to ask for the lands from Richard. After some hesitation, Henry met with the exiled Thomas Arundel, former (and future) Archbishop of Canterbury, who had lost his position because of his involvement with the Lords Appellant. Thomas Arundel (1353 - 19 February 1414 was Archbishop of Canterbury in 1397 and from 1399 until his death an outspoken opponent of the Lollards The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Henry and Arundel returned to England while Richard was on a military campaign in Ireland. With Arundel as his advisor, Henry Bolingbroke began a military campaign, confiscating land from those who opposed him and ordering his soldiers to destroy much of Cheshire. Henry quickly gained enough power and support to have himself declared King Henry IV, to imprison King Richard, who died in prison under mysterious circumstances, and to bypass Richard's seven-year-old heir-presumptive, Edmund de Mortimer. Edmund de Mortimer 5th Earl of March and 7th Earl of Ulster ( 6 November 1391 &ndash 18 January 1425) was while a young child briefly Henry's coronation, on 13 October 1399, is notable as the first time following the Norman Conquest that the monarch made an address in English. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees English is a West Germanic language which originated from the Anglo-Frisian Dialects brought to Britain by Germanic settlers
Henry consulted with Parliament frequently, but was sometimes at odds with the members, especially over ecclesiastical matters. On Arundel's advice, Henry passed the De heretico comburendo and was thus the first English king to allow the burning of heretics, mainly to suppress the Lollard movement. The De heretico comburendo was a law passed by King Henry IV of England in 1401 forbidding the owning or producing of a translation of the Bible and punishing Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Lollardy was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the mid- 14th century to the English Reformation.
Reign
The previous ruler
Henry's first problem was what to do with the deposed Richard, and after an early assassination plot (The Epiphany Rising) was foiled in January 1400, he ordered his death (very probably by starvation). The Epiphany Rising was a failed rebellion against Henry IV of England in January 1400. The evidence for this lies in the circulation of letters in France demonstrating prior knowledge of the death. [1] Richard died on 14 February 1400, and his body was put on public display in the old St Paul's Cathedral to prove to his supporters that he was dead. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. He was 33 years old.
Rebellions
Henry spent much of his reign defending himself against plots, rebellions, and assassination attempts.
| English Royalty |
|---|
| House of Lancaster |
 Armorial of Plantagenet |
| Henry IV |
| Henry V |
| John, Duke of Bedford |
| Thomas, Duke of Clarence |
| Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester |
Rebellions continued throughout the first ten years of Henry's reign, including the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr, who declared himself Prince of Wales in 1400, and the rebellion of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Family chief Heirs cadets House of Lancaster House of York Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century John of Lancaster 1st Duke of Bedford ( 20 June 1389 – 14 September 1435) also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving Thomas of Lancaster 1st Duke of Clarence ( 29 September 1388 Kenilworth Castle – 22 March 1421 Battle of Baugé) was Humphrey Duke of Gloucester ( 3 October 1390 – February 23, 1447) was the fourth son of King Henry IV of England by his first wife Owain Glyndŵr (pronounced 'owain glin'dwr or Owain Glyn Dŵr, Anglicised by Shakespeare into Owen Glendower (c Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland ( November 10, 1341 &ndash February 20, 1408) was the son of Henry de Percy 3rd Baron Percy The king's success in putting down these rebellions was due partly to the military ability of his eldest son, Henry of Monmouth, who would later become king, though the son (who had maintained a close relationship with Richard II) managed to seize much effective power from his father in 1410. Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century
In the last year of Henry's reign, the rebellions picked up speed. "The old fable of a living Richard was revived", notes one account, "and emissaries from Scotland traversed the villages of England, in the last year of Bolingbroke's reign, declaring that Richard was residing at the Scottish Court, awaiting only a signal from his friends to repair to London and recover his throne. "
A suitable-looking impostor was found, and King Richard's old groom circulated word in the city that his old master was alive in Scotland. "Southwark was incited to insurrection" by Sir Elias Lyvet (Levett) and his associate Thomas Clark, who promised Scottish aid to carry out the insurrection. Levett is an Anglo-Norman territorial Surname deriving from the village of Livet-en-Ouche now Jonquerets-de-Livet, in Eure, Normandy Ultimately, of course, the rebellion came to naught. The knight Lyvet was released; his follower thrown into the Tower. [2]
Foreign relations
Early in his reign, Henry hosted the visit of Manuel II Palaiologos, the only Byzantine emperor ever to visit England, from December 1400 to January 1401 at Eltham Palace, with a joust being given in his honour. Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus ( Greek: Μανουήλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγος Manouēl II Palaiologos) ( June 27, 1350 Eltham Palace is a large house in Eltham, within the London Borough of Greenwich, South East London, England; it is currently owned by English He also sent monetary support with him upon his departure to aid him against the Ottoman Empire.
In 1406, English pirates captured the future James I of Scotland off the coast of Flamborough Head as he was going to France. James I ( December 10, 1394 &ndash February 21, 1437) was nominal King of Scots from April 4, 1406, and James remained a prisoner of Henry for the rest of Henry's reign.
Final illness and death
The later years of Henry's reign were marked by serious health problems. He had a disfiguring skin disease, and more seriously suffered acute attacks of some grave illness in June 1405, April 1406, June 1408, during the winter of 1408–09, December 1412, and then finally a fatal bout in March 1413. Medical historians have long debated the nature of this affliction or afflictions. The skin disease might have been leprosy (which did not necessarily mean precisely the same thing in the 15th century as it does to modern medicine); perhaps psoriasis; perhaps a symptom of syphilis; or some other disease. Leprosy (from the Greek lepi (λέπι meaning scales on a fish or Hansen's disease, is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium Psoriasis (səˈraɪəsɪs ( suh-RI-uh-sus) is a non-contagious disorder which affects the Skin and Joints It commonly causes red scaly Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. The acute attacks have been given a wide range of explanations, from epilepsy to some form of cardiovascular disease. Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. [3]
It is said in Holinshed (and taken up in Shakespeare's play) that it was predicted to Henry he would die in Jerusalem. Raphael Holinshed (died c 1580 was an English Chronicler whose work commonly known as Holinshed's Chronicles, was one of the major sources used by Henry IV Part 2 is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed written between 1596 and 1599 Henry took this to mean that he would die on crusade, but in fact it meant that, in 1413, he died in the Jerusalem Chamber in the house of the Abbot of Westminster. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church He died with his executor Thomas Langley at his side. An executor, in the broadest sense is one who carries something out (in other words one who is responsible for executing a task Thomas Cardinal Langley (1363 &ndash 20 November 1437 was a Dean of York, Bishop of Durham (1406-1437 and Lord Chancellor of England two times
Burial
Unusually for a King of England, he was buried not at Westminster Abbey but at Canterbury Cathedral, on the north side of what is now the Trinity Chapel, as near to the shrine of Thomas Becket as possible. The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a St Thomas Becket (c 1118 &ndash December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170 (No other kings are buried in the Cathedral, although his uncle Edward, the Black Prince, is buried on the opposite, south side of the chapel, also as near the shrine as possible. The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376 popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward ) At the time, Becket's cult was at its height, as evidenced in the Canterbury Tales written by the court poet Geoffrey Chaucer, and Henry was particularly devoted to it. The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century (two of them in Prose, the rest in verse) Geoffrey Chaucer (c 1343 – 25 October 1400? was an English author poet Philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and Diplomat. (He was anointed at his coronation with oil supposedly given to Becket by the Virgin Mary and that had then passed to Henry's father). [4]
Henry was given an alabaster effigy, alabaster being a valuable English export in the 15th century. Alabaster is a name applied to varieties of two distinct Minerals Gypsum (a hydrous sulfate of Calcium) and Calcite His body was well-embalmed, as a Victorian exhumation some centuries later established. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities [5]
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Arms
Before his father's death in 1399, Henry bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label of five points ermine. After his father's death, the differenced changed to a label of five points per pale ermine and France. [6] Upon his accession as king, Henry updated the arms of the kingdom to match an update in those of royal France — from a field of fleur-de-lys to just three.
Seniority in line from Edward III
When Richard II resigned the throne in 1399, there was no question of who was highest in the order of succession. The country had rallied behind Henry and supported his claim in parliament. However, the question of the succession never went away. The problem lay in the fact that Henry was only the most prominent male heir. This made him heir to the throne according to Edward III's entail to the crown of 1376 but, as Dr. Ian Mortimer has recently pointed out in his biography of Henry IV, this had probably been supplanted by an entail of Richard II made in 1399. Henry thus had to remove Richard II's settlement of the throne on their uncle York (Edmund of Langley) and Langley's Yorkist descendants and overcome the superior claim of the Mortimers in order to maintain his inheritance. Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York ( June 5 1341 &ndash August 1 1402) was a younger son of King Edward III of England and Philippa This fact would later come back to haunt his grandson, Henry VI of England, who was deposed by Edward IV, son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, during the Wars of the Roses. Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York ( 21 September 1411 &ndash 30 December 1460) was a member of the English royal family who served in senior The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485 were a series of dynastic Civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York
The following are the senior descendants of Edward III. Note: it is incorrect to presume that female inheritance of the throne was possible at this time: the only precedent (the succession in 1199) suggested to lawyers that it was not. The descendants that were alive at the death of Richard II are in bold.
- Edward III of England (1312-1377)
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- Edward, the Black Prince (1330-1376)
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- Edward (1365-1372)
- Richard II of England (1367-1400)
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- Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (1338–1368)
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- Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Ulster (1355–1382)
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- Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (1374–1398)
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- Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (1391–1425)
- Roger Mortimer (died young c. Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376 popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence ( November 29 1338 &ndash October 7 1368) was the third son but the second son to survive infancy of Philippa Plantagenet, ( 16 August 1355 &ndash 5 January 1382) was the Countess of Ulster Suo jure Roger de Mortimer 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster ( 11 April, 1374 &ndash 20 July, 1398) was the Heir presumptive to Edmund de Mortimer 5th Earl of March and 7th Earl of Ulster ( 6 November 1391 &ndash 18 January 1425) was while a young child briefly 1411)
- Anne de Mortimer (1390–1411)
- Eleanor (d. Anne de Mortimer ( 27 December, 1390 &ndash September 1411 was an English noblewoman in line of succession for the throne of England. 1418)
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-
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- Edmund Mortimer (1376-1409?)
- Lady Elizabeth de Mortimer (1370/1371-1417)
- Lady Philippa de Mortimer (1375-1401)
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- John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340–1399)
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- Henry IV of England (1367-1413)
Ancestors
Marriage and issue
On 27 July 1380 at Arundel Castle, 19 years before his accession, Henry married Mary de Bohun and had seven children by her:
- Edward (b&d. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Arundel Castle in West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle Mary de Bohun (c 1369 &ndash 4 June 1394 was the first wife of King Henry IV of England and the mother of King Henry V, but was never queen as she died before April 1382); buried Monmouth Castle, Monmouth
- Henry V of England
- Thomas, Duke of Clarence
- John, Duke of Bedford
- Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
- Blanche of England (1392-1409) married in 1402 Louis III, Elector Palatine
- Philippa of England (1394-1430) married in 1406 Eric of Pomerania, king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Monmouth Castle is a Castle site in the town of Monmouth, County town of Monmouthshire, south east Wales. This is about the Welsh town of Monmouth For other uses see Monmouth (disambiguation. Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century Thomas of Lancaster 1st Duke of Clarence ( 29 September 1388 Kenilworth Castle – 22 March 1421 Battle of Baugé) was John of Lancaster 1st Duke of Bedford ( 20 June 1389 – 14 September 1435) also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving Humphrey Duke of Gloucester ( 3 October 1390 – February 23, 1447) was the fourth son of King Henry IV of England by his first wife Blanche (Spring 1392 &ndash 22 May 1409) was a daughter of King Henry IV of England and full sister to King Henry V. Louis III Count Palatine of the Rhine (Ludwig III der Ältere or der Bärtige ( 23 January 1378 &ndash 30 December 1436, Heidelberg Philippa of England ( June 4 1394 &ndash January 7 1430) was the Queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway from 1406 Eric of Pomerania or Erik of Pomerania (1381 or 1382 &ndash 3 May 1459) was King of Norway (1389–1442 elected King of The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.
Mary died in 1394, and on February 7, 1403 Henry married Joanna of Navarre, the daughter of Charles d'Evreux, King of Navarre, at Winchester. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Joan of Navarre (c 1370 Pamplona &ndash 10 June, 1437 Havering-atte-Bower) (French Jeanne de Navarre) was a daughter Charles II ( October 10[[ 332]] Évreux, &ndash January 1, 1387, Pamplona) called "Charles the Bad" was Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre She was the widow of John V of Brittany, with whom she had four daughters and four sons, but she and Henry had no children. John V the Conqueror (in Breton Yann IV, in French Jean IV) (1339 &ndash November 1 1399) was Duke of Brittany and The fact that in 1399 Henry had four sons from his first marriage was undoubtedly a clinching factor in his acceptance onto the throne. By contrast, Richard II had no children, and Richard's heir-apparent Mortimer was only seven years old.
See also
Notes
- ^ Mortimer, Fears of Henry IV, pp. Henry IV of England has been depicted in popular culture a number of times 211-7
- ^ The Book of the Princes of Wales, Heirs to the Crown of England, Dr. John Doran, London, Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty, 1860
- ^ Peter McNiven, "The Problem of Henry IV's Health, 1405–1413", English Historical Review, 100 (1985), pp. 747–772)
- ^ Debbi Codling, "Henry IV and Personal Piety", History Today, 57:1 (January 2007), pp. 23-29.
- ^ ANTIQUARY s9-IX (228): 369. (1902).
- ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family
References
- Ian Mortimer, The Fears of Henry IV: the Life of England's Self-Made King (Jonathan Cape, 2007)
- Peter McNiven, "The Problem of Henry IV's Health, 1405–1413", English Historical Review, 100 (1985), pp 747–772
- ANTIQUARY s9-IX (228): 369. (1902)
External links
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Henry IV of England
Cadet branch of the House of Plantagenet
Born: 3 April 1367 Died: 20 March 1413 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Richard II |
King of England 1399–1413 |
Succeeded by Henry V |
| Peerage of Ireland | ||
| Preceded by Richard II |
Lord of Ireland 1399–1413 |
Succeeded by Henry V |
| Peerage of England | ||
| New title | Duke of Hereford 1397–1399 |
Merged in Crown |
| Preceded by John of Gaunt |
Duke of Lancaster 1399 |
Succeeded by Henry V |
| Preceded by Humphrey de Bohun |
Earl of Northampton 1384–1399 |
Succeeded by Anne Plantagenet |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by John of Gaunt |
Lord High Steward 1399 |
Succeeded by Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Preceded by Richard II |
English Claimant to France 1399–1413 |
Succeeded by Henry V |
| Family information | ||
|---|---|---|
| Edward III of England
House of Plantagenet
|
John of Gaunt | Henry IV of England |
| Philippa of Hainault
House of Avesnes
|
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| Henry of Grosmont
House of Plantagenet
|
Blanche of Lancaster | |
| Isabel de Beaumont
House of Brienne
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| Notes and references | ||
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