- This article is about Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924), a U. S. politician in the early twentieth century.
- For his grandson, Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (1902-1985), a U. S. politician in the mid-twentieth century, see Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr ( July 5, 1902 &ndash February 27, 1985) was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts
| Henry Cabot Lodge | |
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| In office March 4, 1893 – November 9, 1924 |
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| Preceded by | Henry L. Dawes |
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| Succeeded by | William M. Butler |
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1st United States Senate Majority Leader
(Unofficially) |
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| In office 1920 – November 9, 1924 |
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| Deputy | Charles Curtis |
| Preceded by | N/A |
| Succeeded by | Charles Curtis |
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| In office May 25, 1912 – May 25, 1912x |
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| Preceded by | Augustus Octavius Bacon |
| Succeeded by | Augustus Octavius Bacon |
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| In office March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1893 |
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| Preceded by | Henry B. Lovering |
| Succeeded by | William Everett |
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| Born | May 12, 1850 Boston, Massachusetts |
| Died | November 9, 1924 (Aged 74) Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Anna Cabot Mills Davis |
Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American statesman, a Republican politician, and a noted historian. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Henry Laurens Dawes ( October 30 1816 &ndash February 5 1903) was a Republican United States Senator and United William Morgan Butler ( January 29, 1861 &ndash March 29, 1937) was a lawyer and legislator for the State of Massachusetts, and The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders (also called Senate Floor Leaders) are two United States Senators who are elected by the party conferences Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Charles Curtis (January 25 1860 – February 8 1936 was a Representative and a Senator from Kansas as well as the thirty-first Vice President of Charles Curtis (January 25 1860 – February 8 1936 was a Representative and a Senator from Kansas as well as the thirty-first Vice President of The President pro tempore of the Senate is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate and the highest-ranking senator Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Augustus Octavius Bacon (October 20 1839&ndashFebruary 14 1914 was a U Augustus Octavius Bacon (October 20 1839&ndashFebruary 14 1914 was a U The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=L000464 William Everett ( October 10, 1839 &ndash February 16, 1910) was born in Watertown Massachusetts, United States Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it
Contents |
Biography
Lodge was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of John Lodge and Anna Cabot. The Cabot family is one of the Boston Brahmins, also called the First Families of Boston. His great-grandfather was former Senator George Cabot. George Cabot ( January 16, 1752 &ndash April 18, 1823) was an American merchant seaman and politician from Boston Massachusetts Lodge grew up on Boston's Beacon Hill. In 1872 he graduated from Harvard College. Harvard College is the undergraduate section and oldest school of Harvard University, a Private university in the United States founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts At Harvard he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and the Porcellian Club. Delta Kappa Epsilon ( ΔΚΕ; also pronounced D-K-E or "Deke" is a Fraternity founded at Yale College in 1844 by 15 men of the sophomore The Porcellian Club is a male-only Final club at Harvard University, sometimes called the Porc or the P He also was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club and took part in an early show. The Hasty Pudding Club was founded by Nymphus Hatch a junior at Harvard College, in 1790. After traveling through Europe, Lodge returned to Harvard where he became the first student of Harvard University to graduate with a Ph. D. in History. His teacher and mentor during his graduate studies was Henry Adams; Lodge would maintain a lifelong friendship with Adams. Henry Brooks Adams ( February 16 1838 &ndash March 27 1918) was an American Novelist, Journalist, Historian Lodge wrote his dissertation on the ancient Germanic origins of Anglo-Saxon government. Throughout his career, Lodge would be a vocal proponent of the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race. [1]
In 1871, he married Anna Cabot Mills Davis, the daughter of Admiral Charles Henry Davis and granddaughter of U. Charles Henry Davis ( January 16, 1807 &ndash February 18, 1877) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, serving S. Senator Elijah Hunt Mills. Elijah Hunt Mills (1776-1829 was an American politician from Massachusetts. His wife's maternal aunt was married to mathematician Benjamin Peirce and the mother of Charles Peirce. Benjamin Peirce (ˈpɜrs purse) April 4, 1809 – October 6, 1880) was an American Mathematician who Charles Sanders Peirce (pronounced purse) (September 10 1839 &ndash April 19 1914 was an American Logician mathematician, philosopher [2] Henry and Anna had two sons, the noted poet George Cabot Lodge and John Ellerton Lodge, an art curator. George Cabot Lodge ( October 10, 1873 - August 21, 1909) nicknamed 'Bay' was an American Poet of the late 19th and early-20th Curator (from Latin cura care means manager overseer. A curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e He also graduated from the Harvard Law School in 1874 and was admitted to the bar in 1875. Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. Lodge represented his home state in the United States House of Representatives from 1887 to 1893 and in the Senate from 1893 to 1924. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate.
Lodge was early on associated with the conservative faction of the Republican Party. He was a staunch supporter of the gold standard, vehemently opposing the populists and the silverites, who were led by the left-wing Democrat William Jennings Bryan. Lodge was a strong backer of U. S. intervention in Cuba in 1898, arguing that it was the moral responsibility of the United States to do so:
Of the sympathies of the American people, generous, liberty-loving, I have no question. They are with the Cubans in their struggle for freedom. I believe our people would welcome any action on the part of the United States to put an end to the terrible state of things existing there. We can stop it. We can stop it peacefully. We can stop it, in my judgment, by pursuing a proper diplomacy and offering our good offices. Let it once be understood that we mean to stop the horrible state of things in Cuba and it will be stopped. The great power of the United States, if it is once invoked and uplifted, is capable of greater things than that.
Following American victory in the Spanish-American War, Lodge came to represent the imperialist faction of the Senate, those who called for the annexation of the Philippines. Lodge maintained that the United States needed to have a strong navy and be more involved in foreign affairs. He was a staunch advocate of entering World War I on the side of the Allied Powers, attacking President Woodrow Wilson's perceived lack of military preparedness and accusing pacifists of undermining American patriotism. After the United States entered the war, Lodge continued to attack Wilson as hopelessly idealistic, assailing Wilson's "Fourteen Points" as unrealistic and weak. He contended that Germany needed to be militarily and economically crushed and saddled with harsh penalties so that it could never again be a threat to the stability of Europe.
As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Lodge led the successful fight against American participation in the League of Nations, which had been proposed by President Woodrow Wilson at the close of World War I. US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the United States Senate. The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He also served as chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1918 to 1924. The Senate Republican Conference is the formal organization of the (currently 49 Republican Senators in the United States Senate. During his term in office, he and another powerful senator, Albert J. Beveridge, pushed for the construction of a new navy. Albert Jeremiah Beveridge ( October 6 1862, Highland County Ohio &ndash April 27 1927, Indianapolis Indiana) was
Lodge maintained that membership in the world peacekeeping organization would threaten the sovereignty of the United States by binding the nation to international commitments it would not or could not keep. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Lodge did not, however, object to the United States interfering in other nation's affairs, and was in actuality a proponent of imperialism (see Lodge Committee for further explanation). Imperialism has two meanings one describing an action and the other describing an attitude The Lodge Committee was a US Senate committee which held hearings to investigate allegations of War crimes in the Philippine-American War. In fact, Lodge's key objection to the League of Nations was Article X, the provision of the League of Nations charter that required all signatory nations to deploy troops to repel aggression of any kind. Article X of the Covenant of the League of Nations Text of Article X The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external Lodge felt that an open-ended commitment to deploy soldiers into conflict regardless of it being relevant to the national security interests of the United States was unacceptable. Lodge was also motivated by political concerns; he strongly disliked Woodrow Wilson and was eager to find an issue for the Republican Party to run on in 1920.
Senator Lodge argued in [1919] against the League:
- The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her powerful good, and endanger her very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come, as in the years that have gone. Strong, generous, and confident, she has nobly served mankind. Beware how you trifle with your marvelous inheritance; this great land of ordered liberty. For if we stumble and fall, freedom and civilization everywhere will go down in ruin. [1]
Lodge appealed to patriotism is objecting to what he saw as the erosion of national sovereignty: "I have loved but one flag and I can not share that devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner invented for a league. " The League of Nations was established without U. The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 S. participation in 1920. With headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, it remained active until World War II. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including After the war, it was replaced by the United Nations, which assumed many of the League's procedures and peacekeeping functions, although Article X of the League of Nations was notably absent from the UN mandate. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Lodge's grandson and namesake served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 1953 to 1960. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr ( July 5, 1902 &ndash February 27, 1985) was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts Namesake (sometimes "name's sake" is a term used to characterize a person place thing quality action state or idea that is called after or named out of regard to The United States Ambassador to the United Nations (full title Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status
Lodge was also a vocal supporter of immigration restrictions and the assimilation of foreigners. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The public voice of the Immigration Restriction League, Lodge argued on behalf of literacy tests for incoming immigrants, appealing to fears that unskilled foreign labor was undermining the standard of living for American workers and that a mass influx of uneducated immigrants would result in social conflict and national decline. The Immigration Restriction League, was founded in 1894 by three Harvard College graduates Charles Warren Robert DeCourcy Ward and Prescott Farnsworth Hall Lodge was alarmed that large numbers of immigrants, primarily from Eastern and Southern Europe, were flooding into industrial centers, where the poverty of their home countries was being perpetuated and crime rates were rapidly rising. Lodge observed that these immigrants were "people whom it is very difficult to assimilate and do not promise well for the standard of civilization in the United States. " He felt that the United States should temporarily shut out all further entries, particularly persons of low education or skill, in order to more efficiently assimilate the millions who had come. From 1907 to 1911, he served on the Dillingham Commission, a joint congressional committee established to study the era's immigration patterns and make recommendations to Congress based on its findings. The United States Immigration Commission was a special congressional committee formed in February 1907 by the United States Congress, which was then under The Commission's recommendations led to the Immigration Act of 1917. On February 4, 1917, the United States Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1917 (also known as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act with overwhelming majority It should be remembered, however, that Lodge was no rampant xenophobe, remarking once that "It [the U. S. flag] is the flag just as much of the man who was naturalized yesterday as of the man whose people have been here many generations. "
Lodge, along with Theodore Roosevelt, was a supporter of "100% Americanism. " In an address to the New England Society of Brooklyn in 1888, Lodge stated:
Let every man honor and love the land of his birth and the race from which he springs and keep their memory green. It is a pious and honorable duty. But let us have done with British-Americans and Irish-Americans and German-Americans, and so on, and all be Americans. . . If a man is going to be an American at all let him be so without any qualifying adjectives; and if he is going to be something else, let him drop the word American from his personal description.
Lodge died in 1924 of stroke at the age of 74. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain He was interred in the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1831 as "America's first garden cemetery" or the first " Rural cemetery " Mount Auburn Cemetery is an Elysium where traditionally Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States.
See also
- George Cabot Lodge, poet, son of Henry Cabot Lodge
- Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., politician, grandson of Henry Cabot Lodge
- Lodge Committee
Notes
- ^ PBS - American Experience: Woodrow Wilson | People
- ^ Adams, Henry. George Cabot Lodge ( October 10, 1873 - August 21, 1909) nicknamed 'Bay' was an American Poet of the late 19th and early-20th Henry Cabot Lodge Jr ( July 5, 1902 &ndash February 27, 1985) was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts The Lodge Committee was a US Senate committee which held hearings to investigate allegations of War crimes in the Philippine-American War. The Life of George Cabot Lodge. pg. 4-5. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1911
References
- Library of Congress: "Today in History: May 12"
- Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. Against the League of Nations
- For Intervention in Cuba
- Henry Cabot Lodge at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Henry Cabot Lodge and the League of Nations, James Hewes Jr. The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 114, No. 4 (Aug. 20, 1970), pp. 245-255
External links
- Works by Lodge at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Henry Cabot Lodge in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
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