Colonel Henry Bouquet, painting by John Wollaston, c. Reverend John Ramsden Wollaston (born 1791 died 1856 was an Anglican clegyman who was instrumental in the establishment of the Church of England in Western Australia 1759.

Henry Bouquet (1719 – September 2, 1765) was a prominent British Army officer in the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War. Year 1719 ( MDCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1765 ( MDCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by North American Indians who were dissatisfied with British policies in the Great Lakes region after Bouquet is best known for his victory over Native Americans (American Indians) at the Battle of Bushy Run, lifting the siege of Fort Pitt during Pontiac’s War. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Battle of Bushy Run which happened during Pontiac's Rebellion was fought between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a Fort Pitt was a Fort in what is now the city of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County Pennsylvania.

Early life

Bouquet was born into a moderately wealthy family in Rolle, Switzerland. Rolle is a municipality in the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The son of a Swiss roadhouse owner and his well-to-do wife, he entered military service at the age of 17. Like many military officers of his day, Bouquet travelled between countries serving as a professional soldier. He began his military career in the army of the Dutch Republic and later was in the service of the Kingdom of Sardinia. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the In 1748, he was again in Dutch service as lieutenant colonel of the Swiss guards. Year 1748 ( MDCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies

French and Indian War

He entered the British Army in 1756 as a lieutenant colonel in the 60th Regiment of Foot (The Royal American Regiment), a unit made up largely of members of Pennsylvania's German immigrant community. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Year 1756 ( MDCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The King's Royal Rifle Corps was a British Army formation originally raised in colonial America as the Royal Americans, and recruited from American colonists After leading the Royal Americans to Charleston, South Carolina to bolster that city's defences, the regiment was recalled to Philadelphia to take part in General John Forbes' expedition against Fort Duquesne in 1758. Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina. Fort Duquesne (originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a Fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Bouquet was named Forbes' second in command for the campaign. It was by his advice that the army constructed a new road through central Pennsylvania, instead of using the road from Maryland made during the disastrous Braddock Expedition. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Braddock expedition (also called "Braddock's campaign" was a failed British attempt to capture the French Fort Duquesne in the summer of Forbes fell ill during the campaign and much of the burden of command during the expedition fell on Bouquet.

While Bouquet travelled down the road toward Philadelphia, his troops were attacked by French and Indians at Loyalhanna, near present Ligonier, Pennsylvania, but the attack was repulsed and they continued on to Fort Duquesne, only to find it razed by the fleeing French. Loyalhanna Creek is a Tributary of the Kiskiminetas River, approximately 50 mi (80 km long in southwestern Pennsylvania in the United Ligonier is a borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Fort Duquesne (originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a Fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny

Bouquet ordered the construction of a new British garrison on the site of Fort Duquesne. Bouquet is given credit for naming the new garrison Fort Pitt and the village that quickly grew up around it Pittsburgh(1). Fort Pitt was a Fort in what is now the city of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County Pennsylvania.

Pontiac's War

The Indians returning English captives to Colonel Henry Bouquet in November 1764.

In 1763, Pontiac's War broke out on the frontier. Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by North American Indians who were dissatisfied with British policies in the Great Lakes region after Pontiac, an Ottawa war leader, began urging the defeated Indian tribes that had been allied to the French during the French and Indian War to join together to continue the fight against the British. Pontiac or Obwandiyag (c 1720– April 20, 1769) was an Ottawa leader who became famous for his role in Pontiac's Rebellion Pontiac initiated attacks on frontier forts and settlements, believing the defeated French would rally and come to their aid. The conflict began with the siege of Fort Detroit on May 10, 1763. Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit or Fort Détroit was a Fort established by the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac in 1701 Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Fort Sandusky, Fort Michilimackinac, Fort Presque Isle, and numerous other frontier outposts were quickly overrun. Fort Sandusky was a small British fort in the Ohio Country, on the shore of Lake Erie in present-day Ohio, which was captured and destroyed by Fort Michilimackinac was an 18th century French, and later British, fort and trading post in the Great Lakes of North America. Fort Presque Isle (also Fort de la Presqui’le) was a Fort built by French soldiers in 1753 along Presque Isle Bay at present-day

Several frontier forts in the Ohio Country had fallen to the allied tribes, and Fort Pitt, Fort Ligionier, and Fort Bedford along Forbes’ road were besieged. The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains Fort Ligonier is a British Fortification from the French and Indian War. Fort Bedford was a French and Indian War era British military fortification located near the present site of Bedford Pennsylvania. Bouquet, who was in Philadelphia, threw together a hastily organised force of 500 men, most of them Scots Highlanders, to relieve the forts. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə On August 5, 1763, Bouquet and the relief column were attacked by warriors from the Delaware, Mingo, Shawnee, and Wyandot tribes near a small outpost called Bushy Run, in what is now Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic The Mingo are an Iroquois group of Native Americans that migrated west to the Ohio Country in the mid-eighteenth century The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. The Battle of Bushy Run which happened during Pontiac's Rebellion was fought between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a Westmoreland County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania. In a two-day battle, the tribes were defeated by Bouquet's force and Fort Pitt was relieved. The battle marked a turning point in the war.

It was during Pontiac's War that Bouquet gained a certain lasting infamy. In a series of letters during the summer of 1763 between Bouquet and his commander, General Jeffery Amherst, the idea was raised of infecting the Indians who had besieged Fort Pitt with smallpox by giving them blankets from the fort's smallpox hospital. Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst 1st Baron Amherst of Montreal KB (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, or Jeffrey, he himself spelled his name as Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. However, apparently the fort's commander already had thought of the idea and may have carried out the plan on his own initiative. An outbreak of smallpox did occur among the area Indians at this time, but it is impossible to know if blankets from Fort Pitt were the cause of the epidemic or if the outbreak arose from some other form of contact. If it were caused by the blankets, it would be the first known case of deliberate biological warfare in North America. Biological warfare (BW — known as a germ warfare, biological weapons and bioweaponry — is the use of any Pathogen ( Bacterium

By the autumn of 1764, Bouquet had become the commander of Fort Pitt. Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a To subdue the ongoing Indian uprising, he led a force of nearly 1,500 militiamen and regular British soldiers from the fort into the Ohio Country. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains On October 13, 1764, Bouquet's army reached the Tuscarawas River. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Tuscarawas River is a principal Tributary of the Muskingum River, 129 Shortly thereafter, representatives from the Shawnees, Senecas, and Delawares came to Bouquet to sue for peace. The Seneca are a group of indigenous people native to North America.

Bouquet then moved his army from the Tuscarawas River to the Muskingum River at modern-day Coshocton, Ohio. The Muskingum River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 111 miles (179 km long in southeastern Ohio in the United States. Coshocton is a city in and the County seat of Coshocton County, Ohio, United States. This placed him in the heart of tribal lands and would allow him to quickly strike the natives' villages if they refused to cooperate. As part of the peace treaty, Bouquet demanded the return of all white captives in exchange for a promise not to destroy the Indians' villages or seize any of their land. The return of the captives caused much bitterness among the tribesmen, because many of them had been forcibly adopted into Indian families as small children, and living among the Native Americans had been the only life they remembered. Some 'white Indians' managed to escape back into the native villages; many others were never exchanged. However, Bouquet managed to return more than 200 white captives to the settlements back east.

Promotion and sudden death

In 1765, Bouquet was promoted to brigadier general and placed in command of all British forces in the southern colonies. Year 1765 ( MDCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He died in Pensacola, West Florida on September 2, 1765, probably from yellow fever. Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the County seat of Escambia County. West Florida was a region on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico, which underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1765 ( MDCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease

In literature

Bouquet is referred to in Conrad Richter's 1953 novel The Light in the Forest, which tells the story of one young man returned to his white family as part of the 1764 treaty. Conrad Michael Richter ( October 13 1890 - October 30 1968) was a Pulitzer Prize -winning American novelist whose lyrical work

Defenders of the Frontier: Colonel Henry Bouquet and the Officers and Men of the Royal American Regiment, 1763-1764 - Kenneth Stuart, Ph. D. Swiss-born Colonel Henry Bouquet remains one of the most unappreciated British Army officers from the pre-Revolutionary War period in North America. During the uneasy peace that followed the French and Indian War, Bouquet and his Royal Americans, along with troops from the Black Watch and Highland regiments, protected and rescued settlers on the western frontiers of Pennsylvania and Maryland from increasingly frequent Indian attacks. Bouquet's victory at Bushy Run and his triumphant march into the Ohio Country essentially halted the Indian uprising of 1763-1764. With patience, military discipline and tactical skill, he defeated a resourceful and deadly enemy. Historian Martin Blumenson called Bouquet "the foremost soldier of his day. " Ironically, other British Army defeats and disasters of a more sensational nature often obscure Bouquet's brilliant accomplishments. Military historian and instructor Kenneth P. Stuart thoroughly researched the official papers of Bouquet and his contemporaries for this detailed study. Correspondence reveals Bouquet's highly trained military mind, his personal frustrations with the colonial assemblies and the British high command, and his private moments of occasional depression. This well-rounded work includes maps, illustrations, annotations, appendices, a select bibliography and an index.

References

1) Henry Bouquet and Pennsylvania. "Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission". Retrieved June 1, 2006. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.