Henri d'Astier de la Vigerie (11 September 1897 - 10 October 1952) was a French soldier, Résistance member, and conservative politician. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German
Henri d'Astier was born in Villedieu-sur-Indre, a small village in the Indre département of central France. Villedieu-sur-Indre is a commune in the Indre department in central France. Indre is a department in the center of France named after the Indre River. His military career began in 1915, and by the end of World War I, he had reached the rank of lieutenant, and had been awarded the Legion of Honor. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services
Politically, d'Astier was strongly conservative and Roman Catholic. In particular, he believed that the republican form of government was weak and ineffective, and that France would be stronger under a traditional monarchy. Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or He was an admirer of Charles Maurras, a prominent monarchist intellectual and poet. __FORCETOC__ Charles Maurras ( 20 April 1868 Martigues Bouches-du-Rhône France – 16 November 1952) was It is possible that d'Astier was involved in La Cagoule, a fascist-leaning organisation that sought the French Republic's overthrow. La Cagoule ( The Cowl, press nickname coined by the Action Française nationalist Maurice Pujo) officially called Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology
When World War II broke out, d'Astier was called back into active service. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Although d'Astier's political views were apparently rather similar to most nations inside the Axis Pact and allied to Nazi Germany, he was also determined to see France stand as a strong nation, and therefore vehemently opposed the German invasion. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers This contrasted sharply with the attitude of some of his ideological colleagues, who urged collaboration and alliance with the Nazis against Communism. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based After the French defeat in June of 1940, d'Astier became active in the French Resistance. In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German
He was eventually forced to flee, however, when the capture of a colleague threatened to expose him — he escaped to Oran, in Algeria, in 1941. Oran ( Arabic:ar وهران pronounced Wahran; also transliterated as Ouahran, Spanish: Orán. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. There, d'Astier and his resistance colleagues infiltrated the Vichy authorities. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944
When the allies invaded North Africa in 1942, as the invasion troops were approaching the shore, a group of 400 French resistance under the command of Henri d'Astier de La Vigerie and José Aboulker staged a coup in the city of Algiers. Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British - American invasion of French North Africa in World War II Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. José Aboulker (b March 5, 1920) was a member of the anti- Nazi resistance who co-founded a resistance network in Algiers in World War II They seized key targets, including the telephone exchange, radio station, governor's house and the headquarters of 19th Corps. They arrested General Alphonse Juin, commander in Chief for North Africa and Admiral François Darlan, commander in chief of the Vichy military. François Darlan (7 August 1881 &ndash 24 December 1942 was a French Naval officer.
In the early morning the Vichy Gendarmerie arrived and released Juin and Darlan. But, afterwards, Vichy troops lost their time retaking almost all the positions seized by the resistance during the coup, allowing the Allied landed forces to encircle Algiers with practically no oppostion.
Breaking from the Vichy regime, Darlan negotiated a surrender with the Allies, managing to retain control of the local administration.
Despite his surrender, however, Darlan was soon murdered — the killer was Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, a member of the Résistance. Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, born in 1922 in Algiers and executed in that city on December 26 1942 was a member of the French resistance who shot Admiral of the Although he is believed to have acted alone, Darlan's successor, Henri Giraud, accused the resistance of organising the assassination, and launched a crackdown. Henri Honoré Giraud ( 18 January 1879 &ndash 13 March 1949) was a French general who fought in World War I and World Many of its key figures were arrested, and d'Astier went into hiding. He was found and arrested in early 1943. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. When Charles de Gaulle became sole head of the Free French forces however, d'Astier was released again. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French The Free French Forces (Forces Françaises Libres FFL) were French fighters in World War II who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces He was then appointed to the Commission of National Defense.
In 1944, d'Astier led a small 45-man detachment in France, operating behind enemy lines to prepare the way for the Allied invasion. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He continued to fight in France for the remainder of the war.
Henri d'Astier died in Geneva in 1952. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Bibliography
War Official reports
- Les Cahiers Français, La part de la Résistance Française dans les évènements d'Afrique du Nord (Official reports of French Resistance Group leaders who seized Algiers on 8 November 1942, to allow allied landing), Commissariat à l'Information of Free French Comité National, London, Aug. 1943.
Academic works about these events
- George F. Howe, North West Africa: Seizing the initiative in the West, Center of Military History, U. S Army, Library of Congress, 1991.
- Arthur L. Funck, The politics of Torch, University Press of Kansas, 1974.
- Professeur Yves Maxime Danan, La vie politique à Alger de 1940 à 1944, Paris, L. G. D. J. , 1963.
- Christine Levisse-Touzé, L'Afrique du Nord dans la guerre, 1939-1945, Paris, Albin Michel, 1998.
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