| Henri I | |
| King Henri I of Haiti | |
 King Henri I |
|
| Reign | 28 March 1811 – 8 October 1820 |
|---|---|
| Coronation | 2 June 1811 |
| Full name | Henri Christophe |
| Born | October 6, 1767 |
| Birthplace | St Kitts |
| Died | October 8, 1820 |
| Place of death | Cap-Haïtien, Haiti |
| Predecessor | Jacques I (as Emperor of Haiti) |
| Successor | Monarchy Abolished Jean Pierre Boyer (as President of Haiti) |
Henri Christophe (October 6, 1767 – October 8, 1820) was a career officer and general in the Haïtian Army. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (also known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis) located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Cap-Haïtien ( Okap or Kapayisyen in Kréyòl) is a city of about 130000 people on the north coast of Haiti. Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: Jean-Jacques Dessalines ( September 20, 1758 – 17 October 1806 was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Jean-Pierre Boyer (possibly February 15, 1776 &ndash July 9, 1850) a native of Saint-Domingue became a soldier one of the leaders in Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year He became President of the State of Haiti on February 17, 1807. The President of Haiti is the Head of state of the Republic of Haiti. The State of Haiti was the name of the state in northern Haiti. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was proclaimed King of Haïti on March 26, 1811. The President of Haiti is the Head of state of the Republic of Haiti. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He committed suicide on October 8, 1820. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Born in St Kitts[1], Christophe was brought to Saint Domingue as a slave. The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (also known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis) located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island Saint-Domingue was a French Colony on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola from 1659 to 1804 when it became the independent nation of He worked in a hotel restaurant, and it is said that he obtained his freedom. In 1779 he may have served with the French Forces in the American Revolution in the Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Dominigue, a regiment composed of Gens de couleur at the Siege of Savannah as a drummer boy. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Gens de couleur is a French term meaning "people of color
Christophe distinguished himself in the Haïtian Revolution of 1791, eventually rising to the rank of general in 1802. The Revolution (1791–1804 was the most successful of African Slave rebellions in the Western Hemisphere In 1806 Henri Christophe was aware of a plot to kill Jean Jacques Dessalines, seeing an opportunity to seize power he did not warn Dessalines. Jean-Jacques Dessalines ( September 20, 1758 – 17 October 1806 was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent The plot was put in motion by Alexandre Petion who knew that it would be the only way for him to ever attain power because of his weak stature among the indigenous forces. After the assassination Henri Christophe was elected president but with no real powers. Henri feeling insulted retreated to the north and started a kingdom. Henri had suspected that he too would be next to be assassinated and this was the reason he was given a title with no powers.
In 1807 Henri became President of "the state of Haïti" président et généralissime des forces de terre et de mer de l'État d'Haïti (French: ''President and Generalissimo of the armies of land and sea of the State of Haïti) [1], with Pétion becoming President of the "republic of Haïti" in the south. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Generalissimo or Generalissimus is a military rank of the highest degree superior to a Field Marshal or Grand Admiral. In 1811 Henri made the northern state of Haïti a kingdom, and proclaimed himself King. The Kingdom of Haiti was the state established by Henri Christophe on March 28, 1811 when he was proclaimed King Henry I having previously An edict of 1 April 1811 gives his full title as
Henri, par la grâce de Dieu et la Loi constitutionelle de l'État Roi d'Haïti, Souverain des Îles de la Tortue, Gonâve, et autres îles adjacentes, Destructeur de la tyrannie, Régénérateur et bienfaiteur de la nation haïtienne, Créateur de ses institutiones morales, politiques et guerrières, Premier monarque couronné du Nouveau-Monde, Défenseur de la foi, Fondateur de l'ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Henri.
Henry, by the grace of God and constitutional law, King of the State of Haiti, Sovereign of Tortuga, Gonâve, and other adjacent islands, Destroyer of tyranny, Regenerator and Benefactor of the Haïtian nation, Creator of her moral, political, and martial institutions, First crowned monarch of the New World, Defender of the faith, Founder of the Royal Military Order of Saint Henry. Tortuga may refer to a Spanish word meaning Tortoise the name of several islands La Tortuga Island in Gonâve Island (Île de la Gonâve is an island of Haiti located to the west-northwest of Port-au-Prince in the Gulf of Gonâve. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia.
His only surviving son, Jacques-Victor Henry, was made heir apparent with the title Prince Royal of Haiti. Prince Jacques-Victor Henry ( 3 March 1804 - 18 October 1820) was the Heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of Haiti. Even in documents written in French the king's name was usually spelled in English.
Christophe built for himself 6 châteaux, 8 palaces and the massive Citadelle Laferrière, still considered one of the wonders of the age. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Citadelle Laferrière or Citadelle Henri Christophe, or simply the Citadelle (in English spelled Citadel) is a large mountaintop Fortress Nine years later, at the end of his monarchy the original 87 nobles had grown to number 134 (Cheesman page 10) [1].
Contents |
Nobility and Heraldry
One of his first acts as king was to erect a Haïtian Peerage, of creating 4 princes, 7 dukes, 22 counts, 40 barons and 14 chevaliers. He also founded a College of Arms to provide armorial bearings to the newly ennobled.
End of Reign
Despite his efforts to promote education and establish a legal system, the Code Henri, King Henri was an unpopular autocratic monarch, whose realm was in a constant state of conflict with the south. Toward the end of his reign, public sentiment was sharply against what was perceived to be his feudal policies, intended to develop the country. Ill and infirm, although only fifty three, King Henri decided to shoot himself with a silver bullet rather than face the possibility of a coup. He was buried within the Citadelle Laferriere. The Citadelle Laferrière or Citadelle Henri Christophe, or simply the Citadelle (in English spelled Citadel) is a large mountaintop Fortress
Henri Christophe was the subject of La Tragédie du Roi Christophe, a 1963 play written by Martinican writer Aimé Césaire. Martinique is an Island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, having a land area of 1128 km² Aimé Fernand David Césaire (26 June 1913 &ndash 17 April 2008 was a Afro-[[Martinique Martinican]] Francophone Poet, Author and Politician He is also featured prominently in the novel El Reino de Este Mundo (The Kingdom Of This World) by Alejo Carpentier. Alejo Carpentier y Valmont ( December 26, 1904 – April 24, 1980) was a Cuban novelist essay writer and musicologist who greatly
Pierre Nord Alexis, President of Haiti from 1902-1908, was his grandson. Pierre Nord Alexis ( 1820 - May 1, 1910) was President of Haiti from December 21, 1902 to December 2
The Boy Scouts Troupe Henri Christophe, associated with College Notre Dame Du Perpetuel Secours in Cap-Haitien, Haiti, is named after him. Cap-Haïtien ( Okap or Kapayisyen in Kréyòl) is a city of about 130000 people on the north coast of Haiti.
References
- ^ a b c d Cheesman, Clive (2007). The Armorial of Haiti. London: The College of Arms. ISBN 9780950698021.
Henry Christophe plays a prominent role in the novels Drums of Destiny written by Peter Bourne and published by G. P. Putnam's Sons in New York in 1946 in a book club distribution and also in The Kingdom of This World by Alejo Carpentier, first published in Spanish in 1949 in Mexico DF as _El Reino de Este Mundo_.
External links
- Haitian American Historical Society Savannah Monument Project
- Marvin T. Jones's blog "Photographing Haiti's Citadelle Henry"
- Institut de la Maison Imperiale d'Haiti
| Preceded by Jacques I Emperor of Haïti |
President of the State of Haïti 1807-1811 King of Haïti 1811-1820 |
Succeeded by Jean Pierre Boyer President of Haïti |
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