Henri Édouard Prosper Breuil (February 28, 1877, Mortain, Manche, Normandy–August 14, 1961, L'Isle-Adam, Val-d'Oise, France), often referred to as Abbé Breuil, was a French archaeologist, anthropologist, ethnologist and geologist. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Mortain is a small town and commune in the Manche département, France. Manche is a French department in Normandy named after La Manche ("the sleeve" which is the French name for the English Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Val-d'Oise is a French department named after the Oise River, located in the Île-de-France region. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "habit custom convention" is the branch of Anthropology that compares and A geologist is a contributor to the Science of Geology, studying the physical structure and processes of the Earth and planets of the solar system He is noted for his studies of cave art in the Somme and Dordogne valleys as well as in Spain, Portugal, Italy, Ireland, China with Teilhard de Chardin, Ethiopia, Somaliland and especially Southern Africa. The Somme is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river. Dordogne (Dordonha is a department in central France named after the Dordogne River. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (pjɛʀ tejaʀ də ʃaʀdɛ̃ 1 May 1881, Orcines, France – 10 NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Southern Africa is the Southernmost Region of the African Continent, variably defined by Geography or Geopolitics.
Breuil received his education at the Seminary of St. Sulpice and the Sorbonne, and was ordained in 1900, and was given permission to pursue his research interests. The Society of Saint-Sulpice ( Latin: Societas Presbyterorum a S He was a man of deep religious faith [1]. He assumed a post as lecturer at the University of Fribourg in 1905, and in 1910 became professor of prehistoric ethnology in Paris and at the Collège de France from 1925. The University of Fribourg (Université de Fribourg Universität Freiburg is a University in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland. The Collège de France is a higher education and research establishment ( Grand établissement) located in Paris, France, in the 5th arrondissement [2]
Breuil was a competent draughtsman, faithfully reproducing the cave paintings he encountered. He published many book and monographs, introducing the caves of Lascaux and Altamira to the general public and becoming a member of the Institut de France in 1938. Lascaux is the setting of a complex of Caves in southwestern France famous for its prehistoric Cave paintings The original caves are located near The Institut de France (French Institute is a French Learned society, grouping five académies, the most famous of which is probably the Académie Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Breuil visited the Peking Man excavations at Zhoukoudian, China in 1931 and confirmed the presence of stone tools at the site. Peking Man (now in pinyin as Beijing Man) also called Sinanthropus pekinensis (currently Homo erectus pekinensis) is an example of Homo erectus Zhoukoudian or Choukoutien ( is a cave system near Beijing in China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The year 1931 in Archaeology involved some significant events
In 1929, when already a recognised authority on North African and European Stone Age art, he attended a congress on prehistory in South Africa. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking At the invitation of Jan Smuts he returned there in 1942 and took up a chair at Witwatersrand University from 1944 to 1951. Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts, OM, CH, PC, ED, KC, FRS (24 May 1870 &ndash 11 September 1950 was a prominent The University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg is a leading South African University situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. During his South African stay he studied rock art in Lesotho, the eastern Free State and in the Natal Drakensberg. Lesotho (lɪˈsuːtuː) officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a Landlocked country and Enclave — entirely surrounded by the Republic of South History See also Orange Free State Geography The Free State is situated on flat boundless plains in the heart of South Africa The Drakensberg ( Afrikaans: "Dragon's Mountain" Mountains are the highest mountain range in Southern Africa, rising up to in height He undertook three expeditions to South West Africa and Rhodesia between 1947 and 1950. South-West Africa (Afrikaans Suidwes-Afrika; German Südwestafrika) was the name of what is today the Republic of Namibia. Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence He described this period as "the most thrilling years of my research life". In 1953 he announced his discovery of a painting about 6 000 years old, subsequently dubbed The White Lady, under a rock overhang in the Brandberg Mountain. This article is about the rock painting For other meanings of the term "The White Lady" see White Lady The White Lady is a rock painting The Brandberg ( Damara: Dâures Omukuruvaro is Namibia 's highest Mountain, and is located in Damaraland, in the northwestern Namib
Breuil returned to France in 1952 and produced a series of publications sponsored by the South African Government.
His contributions to European and African archaeology were considerable and recognised by the award of honorary doctorates from no fewer than six universities.
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See also
Selected English bibliography
- Rock Paintings of Southern Andalusia: A Description of a Neolithic and Copper Age Art Group (with M. Cave paintings are Paintings on Cave walls and ceilings and the term is used especially for those dating to Prehistoric times The Cave of the Trois-Frères is one of the famous Caves in southwestern France famous for its Cave paintings It is located in Montesquieu-Avantès Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (pjɛʀ tejaʀ də ʃaʀdɛ̃ 1 May 1881, Orcines, France – 10 C. Burkitt and Montagu Pollock). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928.
- The Cave of Altamira at Santillana del Mar, Spain (with Hugo Obermaier). Madrid, 1935.
- Four Hundred Centuries of Cave Art. Montignac, Dordogne, 1952.
- The White Lady of the Brandberg (with Mary E. Boyle and E. R. Scherz). London: Faber and Faber; New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1955.
- The Men of the Old Stone Age. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965.
- The Paintings of the Tsisab Ravine
- The Rock Paintings of Southern Africa (with Mary E. Boyle)
Further reading
- Broderick, Alan Houghton. Father of Prehistory. New York: William Morrow & Company, 1963 (published in Great Britain under the title The Abbé Breuil: Prehistorian).
- Straus, L. G. "L'Abbé Henri Breuil: Archaeologist", Bulletin of the History of Archaeology. Vol. 2, No. 2. (1992), pp. 5–9.
- Straus, L. G. "L'Abbé Henri Breuil: Pope of Paleolithic Prehistory", Homenaje al Dr. Joaquín González Echegaray. Madrid: Museo y Centro de Investigación de Altamira, 1994, pp. 189–198.
References
- ^ Henri Breuil: 1877-1961, by D. A. E. Garrod Man © 1961 Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. https://libserv7.princeton.edu:82/pul/nph-pul2.direct.cgi/000000A/http/www.jstor.org/stable/2796688=3fseq=3d3&Search=3dyes&term=3dbreuil&term=3dhenri&list=3dhide&searchUri=3d=252Faction=252FdoBasicSearch=253FQuery=253Dhenri=252Bbreuil=2526x=253D0=2526y=253D0&item=3d10&ttl=3d587&returnArticleService=3dshowArticle
- ^ Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa
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