| Hemiballismus Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | G25.5 |
|---|---|
| MeSH | D020820 |
Hemiballismus is a neurological sign that presents as a movement disorder, characterised by unilateral wild, large amplitude flinging movements of the arm and leg, normally causing falls and preventing postural maintenance. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings G00-G99 - Diseases of the Nervous system (G00-G09 Inflammatory diseases of the Central nervous system ( Bacterial meningitis Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Movement disorders include Akathisia Akinesia ( lack of movement) Athetosis ( contorted torsion Amplitude is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable with each Oscillation, within an oscillating system
Contents |
Causes
It is caused by a lesion or infarction in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus or its connections, usually in patients with a history of hypertension or diabetes, or following TB meningitis. A lesion is any abnormal tissue found on or in an organism usually damaged by disease or trauma In Medicine, an infarction is the process resulting in a Macroscopic area of necrotic tissue in some organ caused by loss of adequate Blood supply The subthalamic nucleus is a small lens-shaped nucleus in the Brain where it is a part of the Basal ganglia system Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common Meningitis is Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the Brain and Spinal cord, known collectively as the Meninges. The subthalamic nucleus normally regulates the globus pallidus by exciting the GPi, which in turn normally inhibits the ventral anterior nucleus, ventral lateral nucleus and lateral dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The globus pallidus ( Latin for "pale globe" is a sub- cortical structure of the Brain. The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the Thalamus. Inputs and outputs The ventral anterior nucleus receives neuronal inputs from the Basal ganglia The ventral lateral nucleus (VL is a nucleus of the Thalamus. The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος = room chamber, IPA= /ˈθæləməs/ is a pair and symmetric part of the brain The reduced discharge in both causes disinhibition of the thalamus and consequent involuntary stimulation of the motor cortex. Altered dopaminergic feedback mechanisms may also be involved. [1]
Treatment
Chemical treatment is via dopamine blockade, or via surgical lesions to the globus pallidus, lenticular fasciculus or VL nucleus of thalamus. Dopamine is a Hormone and Neurotransmitter occurring in a wide variety of animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates The prognosis is rather favourable both vitally and functionally[1]
References
- ^ a b Klawans H, Moses H, Nausieda P, Bergen D, Weiner W (1976). Harold L Klawans (1937–1998 was an academic Neurologist who launched a parallel career as a writer "Treatment and prognosis of hemiballismus" (abstract). N. Engl. J. Med. 295 (24): 1348–50. PMID 980081.
See also
External links
A demonstration of Hemiballismus is seen in you tube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsBFxhdGl0Q
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