| Hematemesis Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | K92.0 | |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 578.0 | |
| DiseasesDB | 30745 | |
| eMedicine | med/3565 | |
| MeSH | C23.550.414.788.400 | |
Hematemesis or haematemesis (see American and British spelling differences) is the vomiting of blood. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K14 Diseases of oral cavity salivary glands and jaws ( Disorders of Tooth development and Eruption The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely two medical doctors Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences. Vomiting (also called throwing up, emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's Stomach through the Mouth and sometimes the Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract. Patients can easily confuse it with hemoptysis (coughing up blood), although the former is more common. Hemoptysis or haemoptysis (see American and British spelling differences) is the expectoration ( Coughing up of Blood or of blood-stained
Contents |
Signs
Signs of the onset of hematemesis may include:
- A history of excessive alcohol use or liver disease
- Any esophogastric symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting
- Brown or black vomit
- Vomit that looks like coffee grounds
- Dark colored, tar like stools (a condition known as melena)
Causes
Causes can be:
- Prolonged and vigorous retching (may cause a tear in the small blood vessels of the throat or the esophagus, producing streaks of blood in the vomit, and is called Mallory-Weiss syndrome). Alcohol abuse, as described in the DSM-IV, is a psychiatric diagnosis describing the use of Alcoholic beverages despite negative consequences Liver disease is a broad term describing any number of Diseases affecting the Liver. In Medicine, melena or melaena refers to the black "tarry" Feces that are associated with gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. Retching is a process in the human body where gastric (and sometimes duodenal) contents are forced into the Esophagus, but do not enter the Pharynx Mallory-Weiss syndrome refers to bleeding from tears (a Mallory-Weiss tear) in the Mucosa at the junction of the Stomach and Esophagus, usually
- Irritation or erosion of the lining of the esophagus or stomach
- Bleeding ulcer located in the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus
- Ingested blood (for example, swallowed after a nosebleed)
- Vomiting of ingested blood after hemorrhage in the oral cavity, nose or throat
- Vascular malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract
- Tumors of the stomach or esophagus
- Esophagitis
- Gastroenteritis
- Gastritis
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome (esophageal tear)
- Esophageal varices
- Peptic ulcer
- Gastric varices
- Dieulafoy's lesion
- Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
- Trichophagia
- Ebola or Marburg Virus
Management
Hematemesis is treated as a medical emergency. The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in Vomiting (also called throwing up, emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's Stomach through the Mouth and sometimes the Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging / haemorrhaging (see American and British spelling differences) is the loss of Blood from See also Cancer A tumor or tumour is the name for a swelling or lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells (termed neoplastic In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in Esophagitis (or Oesophagitis) is Inflammation of the Esophagus. Gastroenteritis (also known as gastro, gastric flu, and stomach flu, although unrelated to Influenza) is Inflammation of the Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach There are many possible causes Mallory-Weiss syndrome refers to bleeding from tears (a Mallory-Weiss tear) in the Mucosa at the junction of the Stomach and Esophagus, usually In Medicine ( Gastroenterology) esophageal varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal Veins in the Esophagus. A peptic ulcer, also known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease, is an Ulcer (defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0 Gastric varices are dilated submucosal Veins in the Stomach, which can be a life-threatening cause of Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon cause of gastric bleeding thought to cause less than 5% of all gastrointestinal bleeds in adults Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an Autosomal recessive Genetic disorder in which Copper accumulates in tissues Trichophagia (τριχοφαγία from τρίχα tricha “hair” + φάγειν phagein “to eat” is the compulsive eating of hair Ebola is the common term for a group of Viruses belonging to genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, and for the disease which they The Marburg virus is the causative agent of Marburg haemorrhagic fever (also known as green monkey disease) A medical emergency is an Injury or Illness that is acute and poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long term health The most vital distinction is whether there is blood loss sufficient to cause shock.
Minimal blood loss
If this is not the case, the patient is generally administered a proton pump inhibitor (e. Proton pump inhibitors (or "PPI"s are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of Gastric acid production g. omeprazole), given blood transfusions (if the level of hemoglobin is extremely low, that is less than 8. Omeprazole ( INN) (oʊˈmɛprəzoʊl is a Proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of Dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD Gastroesophageal Blood transfusion is the process of transferring Blood or blood-based products from one person into the Circulatory system of another Hemoglobin ( also spelled haemoglobin and abbreviated Hb or Hgb) is the Iron -containing Oxygen -transport Metalloprotein 0 g/dL or 4. 5-5. 0 mmol/L), and kept nil per os(nil by mouth) until endoscopy can be arranged. Nil per os (also /Nihil/Non/Nulla Per Orem (NPO is Latin for a medical instruction meaning to withhold oral food and fluids from a patient for various reasons (verbatim it Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. Adequate venous access (large-bore cannulas or a central venous catheter) is generally obtained in case the patient suffers a further bleed and becomes unstable. A cannula (from Latin "little reed" plural cannulae) or canula is a tube which can be inserted into the body often for the delivery or removal In Medicine, a central venous catheter ( CVC or central venous line or central venous access catheter) is a Catheter placed into a
Significant blood loss
In a "hemodynamically significant" case of hematemesis, that is hypovolemic shock, resuscitation is an immediate priority to prevent cardiac arrest. In Physiology and Medicine, hypovolemia (also hypovolaemia is a state of decreased Blood volume more specifically decrease in volume of Blood plasma A cardiac arrest, also known as cardiorespiratory arrest, cardiopulmonary arrest or circulatory arrest, is the abrupt cessation of normal circulation of Fluids and/or blood is administered, preferably by central venous catheter, and the patient is prepared for emergency endoscopy, which is typically done in theatres. Surgical opinion is usually sought in case the source of bleeding cannot be identified endoscopically, and laparotomy is necessary. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving an incision through the Abdominal wall to gain access into the Abdominal cavity.
See also
External links
}} Upper gastrointestinal (GI bleeding refers to Hemorrhage in the Upper gastrointestinal tract. In Medicine, melena or melaena refers to the black "tarry" Feces that are associated with gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic