Part of a series on Hell / Underworld

Religions: Ancient Greek view Norse view Buddhist view Chinese view Christian view Hindu view Islamic view Judaic view Words: Diyu Duat Gehenna Hades Hel Jahannam Limbo Naraka Purgatory Sheol Tartarus Yomi Related: Devil Fire and brimstone Harrowing of Hell Problem of Hell Outer darkness Satan This box: view • talk • edit

Hell, in Christian beliefs, is a place in which the souls of the unsaved will suffer the consequences of sin. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient Niflheimr or Niflheim (" Mist Home" the "Abode of Mist" or "Mist World" Nifl being cognate with the Old English Naraka नरक ( Sanskrit) or Niraya निरय ( Pāli) ( Ch 那落迦 (variant 捺落迦 Nàlùojiā or 地獄 Dì Diyu ( literally "earth prison" is the realm of the dead or " Hell " in Chinese mythology. Naraka is the Sanskrit word for the Underworld; literally of man. Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is Diyu ( literally "earth prison" is the realm of the dead or " Hell " in Chinese mythology. In Egyptian mythology, Duat (or Tuat (also called Akert, Amenthes, or Neter-khertet) is the Underworld. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient See also Death in Norse paganism In Norse mythology, Hel, the location shares a name with Hel, a female figure associated with the location Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. See also Intermediate state Purgatory|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity In Roman Catholic theology Limbo (Latin limbus Naraka is the Sanskrit word for the Underworld; literally of man. See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification Sheol (pronounced "Sheh-ole" in Hebrew שאול (Sh'ol is the "abode of the dead" the " Underworld " "the common In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place Yomi (黄泉 the Japanese word for the underworld in which horrible creatures guard the exits according to Shinto mythology as related in Kojiki The Devil is the The Harrowing of Hell is a doctrine in Christian theology referenced in the Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed (Quicumque vult, which states that The problem of hell is an argument against the existence of God. In Christianity, the outer darkness is a place referred to three times in the Gospel of Matthew (812 2213 and 2530 into which a person may be "cast out" Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living Sin is a term used mainly in a religious context to describe an act that violates a moral Rule, or the state of having committed such a violation In the New Testament, hell (Gehenna or Tartarus) is defined as the place or state of punishment after death or last judgment for those who have rejected Jesus. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place Punishment is the practice of imposing something unpleasant or aversive on a person or animal usually in response to disobedient or morally wrong behavior In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived In many classical and popular depictions it is also the abode of the devil and of evil spirits. Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally ^[1]

In some older English translations of the Bible (such as the KJV), the word "hell" is used to translate certain words such as sheol (Hebrew) and hades (Greek). Sheol (pronounced "Sheh-ole" in Hebrew שאול (Sh'ol is the "abode of the dead" the " Underworld " "the common Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient These words do not typically refer to the place of eternal punishment, but to the underworld or temporary abode of the dead. In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife ^[2]

Jewish background

In ancient Jewish belief, the dead were consigned to the underworld, or Sheol, a shadowy existence to which all were sent indiscriminately (cf. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife Sheol (pronounced "Sheh-ole" in Hebrew שאול (Sh'ol is the "abode of the dead" the " Underworld " "the common Genesis 37:35; Numbers 16:30-33; Psalm 86:13; Ecclesiastes 9:10). ^[3] However, by the third to second century B. C. the idea had grown to encompass separate divisions in sheol for the righteous and wicked (cf. the Book of Enoch). The Book of Enoch is any of several works that attribute themselves to Enoch, the great-grandfather of Noah and son of Jared ( ^[4]

The Hebrew word Sheol was translated in the Greek Septuagint as Hades, the name for the underworld and abode of the dead in Greek mythology. The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The realm of eternal punishment in Hellenistic mythology was in fact Tartarus; hades was rather a form of limbo where the dead went to be judged. In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place See also Intermediate state Purgatory|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity In Roman Catholic theology Limbo (Latin limbus

In later Jewish belief, the place of eternal punishment was Gehenna, a place of unquenchable fire (cf. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is Assumption of Moses, 2 Esdras). The Assumption of Moses (otherwise called the Testament of Moses) is a Jewish Apocryphal pseudepigraphical work of uncertain date and 2 Esdras is the name of this book in many English versions of the Bible, but it is called 4 Esdras in the Vulgate and the Douay-Rheims Bible ^[5] The term is derived from ge-hinnom, a valley near Jerusalem originally used as a location for human sacrifices to the idol Moloch, and where refuse and the bodies of executed criminals were later burnt. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Moloch, Molech, Molekh, or Molek, representing Hebrew מלך mlk, (translated directly into king is either the name of a

Hell (on the right) is portrayed in this 16th century painting.

And he defiled the Tophet, which is in the valley of Ben-hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire to Molech. 2 Kings 23:10

And they built the high places of the Ba‘al, which are in the valley of Ben-hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire to Molech; which I did not command them, nor did it come into my mind that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin. Jeremiah 32:35

Hell in the New Testament

The New Testament depicts "hell", the place of eternal punishment, in a variety of ways. The most common term used for "hell" in the original Greek is γεεννα (gehenna), a direct loan of Hebrew ge-hinnom. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is The term is however found almost exclusively in the synoptic gospels. The synoptic gospels are the first three Gospels of the New Testament in the Christian Bible. ^[6][7][8] Gehenna is most frequently described as a place of fiery torment (eg. Matthew 5:22, 18:8-9; Mark 9:43-49) although other imagery is also used such as darkness and "weeping and gnashing of teeth" (eg. Matthew 8:12; 22:13). ^[7]

Besides this teaching in the synoptic gospels, the concept of hell is found in other parts of the NT although the term gehenna is not used. The Johannine writings refer to the destiny of the wicked in terms of "perishing", "death" and "condemnation" or "judgment". Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are attached by tradition to the person of John the Evangelist. St. Paul speaks of "wrath" and "everlasting destruction" (cf. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and Romans 2:7-9; 2 Thessalonians 1:9), while the general epistles use a range of terms and images including "raging fire" (Hebrews 10:27), "destruction" (2 Peter 3:7), "eternal fire" (Jude 7) and "blackest darkness" (Jude 13). General epistles (also called Catholic Epistles) are books in the New Testament in the form of letters The book of Revelation contains the image of a "lake of fire" and "burning sulphur" where the reprobate will be "tormented day and night for ever and ever"(eg. The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου A lake of fire appears in both Ancient Egyptian and Christian religion as a place where after death the wicked are punished or destroyed Revelation 20:10). ^[9]

The New Testament also uses the Greek word hades, usually to refer to the temporary abode of the dead (eg. Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient Acts 2:31; Revelation 20:13). ^[4] Only one passage describes hades as a place of torment, the parable of Lazarus and Dives (Luke 16:19-31). Dives and Lazarus or Lazarus and Dives is a narrative attributed to Jesus that is reported only in the Gospel of Luke ( Jesus here depicts a wicked man suffering fiery torment in hades, which is contrasted with the bosom of Abraham, and explains that it is impossible to cross over from one location to the other. See also Intermediate state The phrase " Bosom of Abraham " refers to the place of comfort in Sheol (Greek hades Some scholars believe that this parable reflects the intertestamental Jewish view of hades (or sheol) as containing separate divisions for the wicked and righteous. The intertestamental period is term that Protestant Christians use to refer to a period of prophetic "silence" between the Old and New Testaments ^[9][4] In Revelation 20:13-14 hades is itself thrown into the "lake of fire" after being emptied of the dead.

Mainline church teachings

Eastern Orthodoxy

"A Monster from Hell". A 19th-century Russian hand-drawn lubok. In Russian, Lubok (Cyrillic Лубок) means a variety of Russian Folk art such as prints in Woodcut, characterized by simple Graphics

The Greek tradition has hell in the sense of an underworld where the dead await resurrection, but the damned are thrown into the fire on Judgment Day, not at death. The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that both the elect and the lost enter into the presence of God after death, and that the elect experience this presence as light and rest, while the lost experience it as darkness and torment. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world ^[10] The Orthodox see this doctrine as supported by Scripture and by the patristic tradition.

The afterlife for the damned is dreadful anticipation of Judgment Day, while the elect happily await the resurrection of the dead. The Eastern Orthodox pray for the dead, and they believe that sometimes a lost soul can be saved after death through the prayers of the living.

Roman Catholicism

Medieval illustration of Hell in the Hortus deliciarum manuscript of Herrad of Landsberg (about 1180)

Hell is defined by the Catechism of the Catholic Church (paragraph 1033):

'We cannot be united with God unless we freely choose to love him. Hortus deliciarum ( Latin: Garden of Delights) is a Medieval Manuscript compiled by Herrad of Landsberg at the Hohenburg Herrad of Landsberg (c1130 - July 25 1195) was a 12th century Alsatian Nun and Abbess of Hohenburg Abbey in the But we cannot love God if we sin gravely against him, against our neighbor or against ourselves: "He who does not love remains in death. Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him. "610 Our Lord warns us that we shall be separated from him if we fail to meet the serious needs of the poor and the little ones who are his brethren. 611 To die in mortal sin without repenting and accepting God's merciful love means remaining separated from him for ever by our own free choice. This state of definitive self- exclusion from communion with God and the blessed is called "hell. " '

In the words of Pope John Paul II, "The images of hell that Sacred Scripture presents to us must be correctly interpreted. Pope They show the complete frustration and emptiness of life without God. Rather than a place, Hell indicates the state of those who freely and definitively separate themselves from God, the source of all life and joy". ^[11] An earlier catechism, however, describes the suffering of those in hell in more traditional terms, as fiery "punishment" rather than as "self-exclusion" from God. ^[12]

The traditional Catholic idea of hell as a place, has been promoted in recent years by the publication of the purported visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Fatima, Portugal in 1917. This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary The shepherd children reported "Our Lady showed us a great sea of fire which seemed to be under the earth. Plunged in this fire were demons and souls in human form, like transparent burning embers, all blackened or burnished bronze, floating about in the conflagration, now raised into the air by the flames that issued from within themselves together with great clouds of smoke, now falling back on every side like sparks in a huge fire, without weight or equilibrium, and amid shrieks and groans of pain and despair, which horrified us and made us tremble with fear. The demons could be distinguished by their terrifying and repulsive likeness to frightful and unknown animals, all black and transparent. " ^[13] Such private revelation, however, is not dogmatic, and does not represent a definitive Catholic viewpoint. In the teaching of the Catholic Church, a private revelation is a particular Revelation to a specific Christian Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek, plural) is the established Belief or

Purgatory and Limbo

Catholic tradition and catechisms assert the existence of purgatory, a place or state of existence where the saved are purified after death before entering into the presence of God. See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification In theological terminology, "purgatory" is a separate and distinct term from "hell".

In John 3:5, Jesus says "unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God". This statement is interpreted to mean that those who are not baptized (which in Roman Catholic tradition removes the stain of original sin) cannot go to Heaven. Original sin is according to a doctrine in Catholic theology, humanity's state of Sin resulting from the Fall of Man. Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond In Roman Catholic tradition, Limbo is the afterlife for those who die unbaptized but are not guilty of mortal sin. See also Intermediate state Purgatory|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity In Roman Catholic theology Limbo (Latin limbus Mortal sin, according to the beliefs of Roman Catholicism, and some Protestant denominations is a Sin that unless confessed and absolved (or at least Those righteous souls who died before the Crucifixion were thought to have remained in the Limbo of the Fathers until "He [Jesus] descended into Hell" to take those souls to heaven (as stated in the Apostles Creed). See also Intermediate state Purgatory|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity In Roman Catholic theology Limbo (Latin limbus This teaching is also known as the harrowing of Hell. The Harrowing of Hell is a doctrine in Christian theology referenced in the Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed (Quicumque vult, which states that Belief in the existence of Limbo has never been a doctrine of faith which all Catholics are required to believe, as it is a doctrine not found in Apostolic Tradition; it has since formally dissolved as a Catholic theological concept by Pope Benedict XVI.

It is also important to note that post Vatican II the Catholic Church claims that it is possible for a non-baptized individual to go to heaven, if they do not have baptism because of invincible ignorance (which is not their own fault), but follow the moral law written in their hearts. It is assumed that, had they understood the necessity of baptism, they would have chosen to be baptized. This notion is called baptism of desire.

Protestantism

Hell as depicted in Hieronymus Bosch's triptych The Garden of Earthly Delights (cca 1504). Hieronymus Bosch ( Dutch, born Jeroen Anthonissen van Aken c 1450 &ndash August 9, 1516) was an Early Netherlandish A triptych (pronounced "trip-tick" trip'tik (or US: 'tɹʷɪp The Garden of Earthly Delights (or The Millennium) is a Triptych painted by the early Netherlandish master Hieronymus Bosch

In most Protestant traditions, hell is a place originally designed by God for the punishment of the devil and fallen angels (cf. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Devil is the An angel is a Spiritual Supernatural being found in many Religions Although the nature of angels and the tasks given to them vary from tradition to tradition Matthew 25:41). It is also the final destiny of every soul who does not receive salvation, where they will be punished for their sins. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living In Theology, salvation can mean three related things being saved from or Liberation from something such as Suffering or the punishment of People will be consigned to hell after the last judgment. In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived ^[14]

The historic Protestant view of hell is expressed in the Westminster Confession (1646):

"but the wicked, who know not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal torments, and punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power. The Westminster Confession of Faith is a Reformed Confession of faith, in the Calvinist theological tradition " (Chapter XXXIII, Of the Last Judgment)

Traditionally, the majority of Protestants have held that hell will be a place of unending conscious torment, both physical and spiritual,^[9] although some recent writers (such as C. S. Lewis^[15] and J.P. Moreland ^[16]) have cast hell in terms of "eternal separation" from God. Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963 James Porter Moreland (born 1948 better known as J P Moreland, is an American Philosopher, Theologian, and Christian apologist. Certain biblical texts have led some theologians to the conclusion that punishment in hell, though eternal and irrevocable, will be proportional to the deeds of each soul (eg. Matthew 10:15, Luke 12:47-49). ^[17]

Another area of debate is the fate of the unevangelized (i. e. those who have never had an opportunity to hear the Christian gospel), those who die in infancy, and the mentally disabled. ^[9] Some Protestants agree with Augustine that people in these categories will be damned to hell for original sin, while others believe that God will make an exception in these cases. Original sin is according to a doctrine in Catholic theology, humanity's state of Sin resulting from the Fall of Man.

Conditional Immortality and Annihilationism

A growing minority of Protestants believe in the doctrine of conditional immortality, which teaches that those sent to hell will not experience eternal conscious punishment, but instead will be extinguished or annihilated after a period of "limited conscious punishment". Conditional immortality, or conditionalism, is the Christian Doctrine that the human Soul is naturally mortal and that Immortality Annihilationism is the minority Christian Doctrine that Sinners are destroyed rather than tormented Forever in "hell" or ^[7] Prominent evangelical theologians who have adopted conditionalist beliefs include John Wenham, Edward Fudge, Clark Pinnock and John Stott (although the latter has described himself as an "agnostic" on the issue of annihilationism). John W Wenham was an Anglican Bible scholar Born in 1913 he devoted his professional life to academic and pastoral work Clark H Pinnock ( Toronto, Ontario, Canada, February 3, 1937 — is a Christian theologian John Robert Walmsley Stott, CBE (born April 27, 1921) is a British Christian leader and Anglican clergyman who is noted ^[9] Conditionalists typically reject the traditional concept of the immortality of the soul.

Universalism

Some Protestants (such as George MacDonald, Keith DeRose and Thomas Talbott), though also in a minority, believe that after serving their time in Hell all souls are reconciled to God and admitted to heaven, or ways are found at the time of death of drawing all souls to repentance so that Hell is never experienced. George MacDonald ( 10 December 1824 &mdash 18 September 1905) was a Scottish author poet and Christian minister Keith DeRose (born April 24, 1962) is an American philosopher currently teaching at Yale University in New Haven Connecticut Thomas Talbott is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Willamette University, Salem Oregon. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. This view is often called Trinitarian Universalism, and is not to be confused with Unitarian Universalism. Trinitarian Universalism is a formulation of Universalism, the belief that every person will be saved that is centered and based on the Christian Trinitarianism Unitarian Universalism ( UUism) is a theologically liberal Religion characterized by its support for a "free and responsible search for truth See universal salvation and the problem of Hell. Universal reconciliation, also called universal salvation or sometimes simply universalism, is the Christian doctrine or belief that all will receive Salvation The problem of hell is an argument against the existence of God.

Teachings of other groups

Seventh-day Adventism

Seventh-day Adventists do not believe the wicked will suffer for eternity in hell, but instead teach conditional immortality. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance Conditional immortality, or conditionalism, is the Christian Doctrine that the human Soul is naturally mortal and that Immortality Adventists believe that depictions in the Bible describing punishment for the wicked by fire describe the final fate of sinners after the second coming of Christ. In Christianity, the Second Coming is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to earth an event that will fulfill aspects of Messianic In addition, they believe in the doctrine of soul sleep. See also Intermediate state In Christian theology, soul sleep is a belief that the Soul sleeps unconsciously between the Death of the

Seventh-day Adventists believe that at the second coming, Christ will resurrect the righteous who have died and take them to heaven with the living righteous. God will kill the unrighteous leaving only Satan and his fallen angels on earth. In most Christian traditions a fallen angel is an Angel that has been Exiled or banished from Heaven. After a millennium, Christ will again return to earth together with the righteous and the "Holy City" (the New Jerusalem, Revelation 21:10). In The Bible, the New Jerusalem (also called the tabernacle of God, holy city, city of God, celestial city, and heavenly Jerusalem Revelation is the act of revealing or disclosing (see etymology or in the theological perception making something obvious and clearly understood through active or passive communication Christ will then resurrect the wicked, who will surround the New Jerusalem along with Satan. At this point God will permanently destroy Satan, his angels, and wicked humanity by fire. The Adventist view of hell is often referred to as annihilationism. Annihilationism is the minority Christian Doctrine that Sinners are destroyed rather than tormented Forever in "hell" or

Christian Science

Christian Science defines "Hell" as follows: "Mortal belief; error; lust; remorse; hatred; revenge; sin; sickness; death; suffering and self-destruction; self-imposed agony; effects of sin; that which 'worketh abomination or maketh a lie. '" (Science and Health with Key to the Scripture by Mary Baker Eddy, 588: 1-4. Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures written by Mary Baker Eddy was inspired by studies of the Bible she undertook in 1867 following a healing Mary Baker Eddy (born Mary Morse Baker July 16, 1821 &ndash December 3, 1910) was the founder of the Christian Science )

Latter-day Saints (Mormons)

Further information: Plan of Salvation

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that the word hell is used in scripture in at least two senses. See also Mormon cosmology According to doctrine in several sects of the Latter Day Saint movement, the plan of salvation (also known as the plan of happiness The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known The Standard Works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church consists of several books that constitute its open scriptural

First, Mormons believe in a concept of hell as a temporary state of punishment. TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon They believe that those who refuse to accept Jesus will suffer in hell for their sins for 1000 years during the millennial reign of Christ. This is an article on sociological Millennialism You may be looking for the article on Christian Premillennialism. Righteous people, whether Latter-day Saint or not, will be resurrected and live with Christ on earth. This article concerns itself with Jesus Christ Christian, Islamic and other religious interpretations of resurrection in general ^[18] After the 1000 years, the individuals in hell will also be resurrected and receive an immortal physical body. This article concerns itself with Jesus Christ Christian, Islamic and other religious interpretations of resurrection in general ^[19] The LDS Church explains biblical descriptions of hell being "eternal" or "endless" punishment as being descriptive of their infliction by God rather than an unending temporal period; Latter-day Saint scripture quotes God as telling church founder Joseph Smith, Jr.: "I am endless, and the punishment which is given from my hand is endless punishment, for Endless is my name. Wherefore—Eternal punishment is God's punishment. Endless punishment is God's punishment. "^[20] It is in this sense of the word "hell" that David prayed to the Lord, "thou wilt not leave my soul in hell". ^[21]

Latter-day Saints also believe in a more permanent concept of hell, commonly referred to as outer darkness. In Christianity, the outer darkness is a place referred to three times in the Gospel of Matthew (812 2213 and 2530 into which a person may be "cast out" It is said that very few people who have lived on the earth will be consigned to this hell, but Latter-day Saint scripture suggests that at least Cain will be present. ^[22] Other mortals who during their lifetime become sons of perdition—those who commit the unpardonable sin—will be consigned to outer darkness. The notion of the Son of Perdition or the Man of Sin can be found in and and is a name commonly associated with the Antichrist The Eternal Sin, or unpardonable sin, is a concept of Sin in Christian theology, whereby Salvation becomes impossible ^[23] It is taught that the unpardonable sin is committed by those who "den[y] the Son after the Father has revealed him". ^[24] However, the vast majority of residents of outer darkness will be the "devil and his angels . . . the third part of the hosts of heaven" who in the pre-existence followed Lucifer and never received a mortal body. Pre-existence, beforelife, or pre-mortal existence refers to the belief that each individual human Soul existed before conception, and at conception Lucifer is a name frequently given to Satan in Christian belief ^[25] The residents of outer darkness are the only children of God that will not receive one of three kingdoms of glory at the Last Judgment. In Mormon Theology, there are three degrees of glory (alternatively kingdoms of glory) which are the ultimate eternal dwelling place for nearly all who In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived

Those in outer darkness will remain there for eternity. No man knows their torment because those in the outer darkness will suffer beyond man's comprehension, a pain so terrible that man can not understand in his mortality. Pertaining to the outer darkness and the sons of perdition, Latter-day Saint scripture states that "Wherefore, he saves all except them—they shall go away into everlasting punishment, which is endless punishment, which is eternal punishment, to reign with the devil and his angels in eternity, where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched, which is their torment; And the end thereof, neither the place thereof, nor their torment, no man knows; Neither was it revealed, neither is, neither will be revealed unto man, except to them who are made partakers thereof". ^[26]

Teachings of the Church are clear that Hell as well as Heaven are physical places. This is derived from the literalness of the resurrection of Jesus Christ as well as the literal resurrection of all man kind. Latter-day Saints believe that as much as people inherit a resurrected glorified physical body, they also inherit a physical place. All places; the Spirit World, Heaven, and Hell/Outer Darkness are verymuch real physical places.

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses believe the Bible presents "hell", as translated from "Sheol" and "Hades", to be mankind's common grave for both the good and the bad, whereas "Gehenna" signifies eternal destruction or annihilation, and that the idea of a place of eternal torment is something detestable to God, inconsistent with his love. Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination Sheol (pronounced "Sheh-ole" in Hebrew שאול (Sh'ol is the "abode of the dead" the " Underworld " "the common Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is ^[27]

Scriptures describing this include:

• "O that thou wouldest hide me in the Sheol, that thou wouldest keep me secret, until thy wrath be past, that thou wouldest appoint me a set time, and remember me!" (Job 14:3) - Job, a good man, desiring liberation from his suffering, prays to be sent to Sheol, to die. This harmonizes with the classical Jewish perspective on hell.
• ". . . and death and hell were cast into the Lake of Fire. This is the second death. " (Revelation 20:14) - The Greek word translated to English as "hell", Hades, itself cannot be tortured for sins. Casting it into this Lake of fire must signify the utter destruction of Hades.
• "For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing; they have no further reward, and even the memory of them is forgotten. . . for in the grave, where you are going, there is neither working nor planning nor knowledge nor wisdom. " (Ecclesiastes 9:5-9) "His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish. " (Psalm 1146:4) - Immortality of the soul is a requisite for the hellfire doctrine. But these scriptures seem to dispute it, since it requires that the soul be aware and conscious.

• "Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain: Whom God hath raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be holden of it. For David speaketh concerning him, I foresaw the Lord always before my face, for he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved: Therefore did my heart rejoice, and my tongue was glad; moreover also my flesh shall rest in hope: Because thou wilt not leave my soul in hell, neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption. Thou hast made known to me the ways of life; thou shalt make me full of joy with thy countenance. (Acts 2:23 -28 King James)

With this version if hell was a fiery place that meant Jesus went to Hell (Note vs 27)

Jehovah's Witnesses reject the traditional concept of "hellfire". They consider doctrines like particular judgment, the doctrine that one is judged and either punished or rewarded immediately after death, to be an innovation of the early Church. Particular judgment, according to Christian Eschatology, is the judgement given by God a departed Soul undergoes immediately after death in ^[28] and thus do not believe a soul can suffer eternally. They understand Revelation 20:13 -"And death and hell gave up the dead in them. " - to mean that those in hell do not remain there indefinitely. Hades is emptied during the judgment of Revelation. ^[29]

Unity

The Unity Church considers the concept of everlasting physical hell to be false doctrine and contradictory to that reported by John the Evangelist. Unity also known as Unity School of Christianity and informally as Unity Church, is a school of thought founded upon holistic Christian principles Doctrine (Latin doctrina) is a codification of beliefs or "a body of teachings quot or "instructions" taught principles or positions as the Saint John the Evangelist (d ca 110 יוחנן " The LORD is merciful" Standard Hebrew Yoḥanan, Tiberian Hebrew

Swedenborgianism

see Swedenborgianism

See also

• Gehenna
• Hades
• Sheol
• Tartarus
• Last Judgment
• Heaven
• Intermediate state
• Conditional immortality

Notes and References

References