- See Heliox (cryogenic equipment) for another use of the word Heliox
Heliox is a breathing gas that is composed of a mixture of helium (He) and oxygen (O2). Heliox is a Cryogenically cooled system produced by Oxford Instruments. Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other artificial gases either pure gases or mixtures of gases are used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the
Heliox has been used in a medical context since the 1930s, and although the medical community adopted its use initially to alleviate the symptoms of upper airway obstruction, its range of medical uses has since expanded greatly, most of which are dependent on the low density of the gas. [1] Heliox is also used in saturation diving and sometimes during the deep phase of technical dives. Saturation diving is a diving technique that allows divers to remain at great depth for long periods of time Technical diving (sometimes referred to a Tec diving) is a form of Scuba diving that exceeds the scope of Recreational diving (although the vast majority
Medical uses
In medicine, "heliox" generally describes a mixture that is 21% O2 (the same as air) and 79% He, although other mixtures are available. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five
Airway resistance is dictated by the diameter of the airways and by the density of the inspired gas. Airway resistance is a concept used in Respiratory physiology to describe mechanical factors which limit the access of inspired air to the Pulmonary alveoli, and thus Therefore when nitrogen (of air) is replaced by helium, airway resistance is reduced due to the lower density of the inspired gas. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 This means that when one breathes Heliox, airway resistance is less, and therefore the mechanical energy required to ventilate the lungs, or the Work of Breathing (WOB) is decreased. Heliox is used mainly in the alleviation of many medical conditions that involve a decrease in airway diameter (and consequently increased airway resistance), such as upper airway obstruction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiolitis and croup. Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) is a Disease of the lungs in which the Airways become narrowed Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the Bronchioles the smallest air passages of the lungs Croup is a group of Respiratory diseases that often affect infants and children under age 6 Patients with these conditions may suffer a range of symptoms including dyspnea (breathlessness), hypoxemia (below-normal oxygen content in the arterial blood) and eventually a weakening of the respiratory muscles due to exhaustion, which can lead to respiratory failure and require intubation and mechanical ventilation - Heliox may reduce all these effects, making it easier for the patient to breathe, and as it will reduce work of breathing, Heliox can help to prevent this respiratory failure. Dyspnea or dyspnoea (pronounced disp-nee-ah, IPA /dɪsp'niə/ from Latin dyspnoea, from Greek dyspnoia from [2] Heliox has also found utility in the weaning of patients off mechanical ventilation, and in the nebulization of inhalable drugs, particularly for the elderly. [3] Research has also indicated advantages in using helium/oxygen mixtures in delivery of anaesthesia. [4]
Diving uses
Due to the expense of helium[5], heliox is most likely to be used in deep commercial diving although it is sometimes used by diving enthusiasts using gas conserving rebreathers. Hardhat diving redirects here Often "hardhat diving" is used to specifically mean diving in the old-type Standard diving dress. A rebreather is a type of Breathing set that provides a Breathing gas containing Oxygen and recycled exhaled gas
The proportion of oxygen in a diving mix depends on the maximum depth of the dive plan but is often hypoxic and typically 10%. Each mix is bespoke and is created using gas blending techniques which often involve the use of booster pumps to achieve typical diving cylinder pressures of 200 bar / 3000 psi from lower pressure banks of oxygen and helium cylinders. Gas blending or gas mixing is the filling of Diving cylinders with non- Air Breathing gases such as Nitrox, Trimix and A diving cylinder, scuba tank or diving tank is used to store and transport high Pressure Breathing gas as a component of SCUBA (Self-Contained
Because sound travels faster in Heliox than in air, voice formants are raised, making divers' speech very high-pitched, and hard to understand to people not used to it. Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies A formant is a peak in the Frequency spectrum of a sound caused by acoustic Resonance.
Trimix is a close rival and slightly less expensive, deep diving, alternative to Heliox. Trimix is often used in commercial diving and in technical diving. Technical diving (sometimes referred to a Tec diving) is a form of Scuba diving that exceeds the scope of Recreational diving (although the vast majority
References
- ^ BOC Medical (a trading name of BOC Limited). Heliox product information.
- ^ BOC Medical. Heliox data sheet.
- ^ Lee DL, Hsu CW, Lee H, Chang HW, Huang YC. Beneficial effects of albuterol therapy driven by heliox versus by oxygen in severe asthma exacerbation.
- ^ Buczkowski, PW; Fombon, FN; Russell, WC and Thompson, PJ. Effects of helium on high frequency jet ventilation in model of airway stenosis.
- ^ Example pricing for filling cylinders. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
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