| Heinkel He 70 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Mail plane, Passenger, Reconnaissance Bomber |
| Manufacturer | Heinkel Flugzeugwerke |
| Maiden flight | December 1, 1932 |
| Introduced | 1933 |
| Retired | 1945 |
| Status | Retired |
| Primary users | Luftwaffe Lufthansa Royal Hungarian Air Force |
| Number built | 324 + license-built in Hungary |
The Heinkel He 70 was a German mail plane, passenger, liaison, training and bomber aircraft of the 1930s. A mailplane is an Aircraft used for carrying Mail. Aircraft that were purely mailplanes existed almost exclusively prior to World War II. This article is about passengers in commercial transportation for other uses see Passenger (disambiguation A passenger is a term broadly used An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Heinkel Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1932: Events The Canadian Siskins Aerobatic team is retired ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. The Hungarian Air Force is the Air force branch of the Hungarian Army. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A mailplane is an Aircraft used for carrying Mail. Aircraft that were purely mailplanes existed almost exclusively prior to World War II. This article is about passengers in commercial transportation for other uses see Passenger (disambiguation A passenger is a term broadly used Although useful, it had a relatively brief commercial career before it was replaced by types which could carry more passengers. As a combat aircraft it was a not a great success because it rapidly became outdated. Nevertheless, the He 70 was a brilliant design for its day, setting no fewer than eight world speed records by the beginning of 1933.
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Design and development
The Heinkel He 70 Blitz was designed in the early 1930s to serve as a fast mailplane for Deutsche Lufthansa. The He 70 was developed in response to Lufthansa request for a faster aircraft than the Lockheed Vega and Orion (as used by Swissair) for employment on short routes. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Swissair ( Swiss Air Transport Company Limited) was the former national Airline of Switzerland. It was a low winged monoplane, with the main characteristics of its revolutionary design its elliptical wing, which the Günther brothers had already used in the Bäumer Sausewind sports plane before they joined Heinkel, and its small, rounded control surfaces. For Félix du Temple 's invention see ''Monoplane'' (1874 Types of monoplane The main distinction in types of monoplane is An elliptical wing is a Wing Planform shape first seen on Aircraft in the 1930s which minimizes induced drag. WING "ESPN 1410" is a commercial AM radio station in Dayton Ohio operating with 5000 watts at 1410 kHz with studios offices and transmitter located on David In order to meet the demanding speed requirements, the design minimised drag, with countersunk rivits giving a smooth surface finish and a retractable undercarriage, a novel feature for a german aircraft. [1] It was powered by a BMW VI V-12 engine, cooled by ethylene glycol rather than water, allowing a smaller radiator and therefore reducing drag. The BMW VI was a water-cooled V-12 aircraft engine built in Germany in the 1920s Ethylene glycol ( monoethylene glycol ( MEG) 12-ethanediol, IUPAC name: ethane-12-diol) is an Alcohol with two -OH The pilot and radio operator were seated in tandem, with a cabin housing four passengers on two double seats facing each other.
The first prototype flew on 1 December 1932,[2] and proved to have excellent performance, setting eight world records for speed over distance, and reaching a maximum speed of 377 km/h (222 mph). Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. [3]
Operational history
Lufthansa operated He 70s between 1933 and 1937 for fast flight service which connected Berlin with Frankfurt, Hamburg and Cologne, as well as the Cologne/Hamburg route. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Lufthansa He 70s were flown abroad from Stuttgart to Sevilla between 1933 and 1936. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Remaining aircraft were transferred to the Luftwaffe in 1937.
Twenty-eight aircraft were sent with the Legion Condor, where they were used during the Spanish Civil War as fast reconnaissance aircraft. The Condor Legion (Legion Condor was a unit composed of "volunteers" from the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe) which served with the Nationalist The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Their high speed gave them the nickname Rayo (lightning).
The He 70K, a fast reconnaissance airplane variant was used by the Royal Hungarian Air Force in early World War II during 1941-42. The Hungarian Air Force is the Air force branch of the Hungarian Army. The Luftwaffe operated He 70s from 1935, initially as a light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft, later as a liaison and courier aircraft.
The main weakness of the He 70 design soon became obvious. The He 70 airframe was made out of so-called "electron metal", a very light, yet strong alloy of magnesium, which burns spontaneously in air when heated, and is only exhausted when covered in sand. Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 A single hit from a light machine gun usually set the entire plane ablaze, killing the crew. The Hungarian He 70K fleet was promptly retired and replaced with vintage, high-wing He 46 monoplanes until modern Bf 109 fighter-recce and specialized Fw 189 "Uhu" medium altitude observation aircraft could be introduced.
Influence
While the He 70 saw only limited service in training capacities during World War II, it was the Luftwaffe's first Schnellbomber and served as the antecedent for the majority of bombers involved in both the Battle of Britain and the attack on Pearl Harbor. A Schnellbomber (German literally fast bomber) is the concept of a high-speed bomber aircraft developed in the 1930s when it was believed The Battle of Britain (German ''Luftschlacht um England'' is the name given to the sustained strategic effort by the German Luftwaffe during the summer and The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by
The He 70 is known mainly as the direct ancestor of the famous Heinkel He 111 which used its distinctive oval wings and streamlined fuselage in a twin-engine configuration. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout One can also see the close similarity of the designs in the tail section and cockpit of the early He 111. The He 111, which began service with the Luftwaffe in 1936, went on to become the major bomber type in the early years of World War II. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Heinkel's pioneering design was also a model for the Heinkel He 112 fighter which competed unsuccessfully against the Messerschmitt Bf 109 to become the Luftwaffe's first monoplane fighter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The He 112 was nonetheless built in small numbers and its performance proved once again the strength of the He 70's original design. The fighter was basically a scaled down version of the He 70 and shared its all-metal construction and inverted gull-wings.
The He 70 was exported to Japan for study and inspired the Aichi D3A (Val) carrier-launched light bomber. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This plane too shared the He 70's distinctive low-mounted oval wings and was only one of several collaborations between Heinkel and the Japanese aviation industry.
It is also commonly believed to be an inspiration or influence for the Supermarine Spitfire's elliptical wing planform, not without reason as a He-70G was flying in England as a Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine test aircraft at the time of the Spitfire's development. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Versions
- He 70a
- First prototype.
- He 70b
- Second prototype with the crew of 2 and 4 seats for passengers.
- He 70c
- Third prototype armed with machine-gun for trials of versions for light bomber, reconnaissance and courier duties.
- He 70d
- Fourth prototype built in 1934 for Lufthansa, powered by BMW VI 7,3 engine.
- He 70e
- Fifth prototype built in 1934 for Luftwaffe as light bomber, powered by BMW VI 7,3 engine.
- He 70A
- Passenger version for Lufthansa.
- He 70D
- Passenger version for Lufthansa, 12 examples built.
- He 70E
- Light bomber version for Luftwaffe, later converted to F version.
- He 70F
- Reconnaissance / courier version for Luftwaffe.
- He 70F-1
- Long-range reconnaissance version.
- He 70F-2
- Similar to the He 70F-1
- He 70G
- Passenger version built for Lufthansa, after 1937 converted to F version.
- He 70G-1
- One aircraft fitted with a 604-kW (810-hp) Rolls-Royce Kestrel piston engine.
- He 70K (He 170A)
- License-built Hungarian fast reconnaissance variant equipped with a licence-made 1000bhp WM-K-14 radial engine. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major was a 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled Radial engine. The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion Engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central
- He 270 V1 (W. Nr. 1973, D-OEHF)
- Prototype with DB-601Aa inline engine. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Operators
Civil Operators
Nazi Germany- Lufthansa received the first two prototypes in 1933 and 1934 as well as three He 70D in 1934 and 10 He 70G in 1935. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers
Japan- Japan received 1 aircraft for test. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
United Kingdom- Rolls Royce received 1 He 70G powered by Rolls-Royce Kestrel V engine. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For the present day company see Rolls-Royce plc. For other uses see Rolls-Royce (disambiguation.
Military Operators
- Nazi Germany
- Royal Hungarian Air Force received 18 domestically license-built He 170A aircraft. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Hungary during World War II was a generally opportunistic and generally unwilling member of the Axis. The Hungarian Air Force is the Air force branch of the Hungarian Army.
- Ejército del Aire received 11 aircraft of the 30 that had served with Legion Condor. The Spanish State ( Estado Español) was the formal name given to Spain from 1939 to 1978 by the régime of Francisco Franco The Spanish Air Force ( Spanish: Ejército del Aire; literally "Army of the Air" is the Air force of Spain. The Condor Legion (Legion Condor was a unit composed of "volunteers" from the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe) which served with the Nationalist
Specifications (He 70F-2)
Data from
General characteristics
- Crew: 2 (pilot and observer)
- Length: 12 m (39 ft 4. 5 in)
- Wingspan: 14. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 80 m (48 ft 6. 75 in)
- Height: 3. 1 m (10 ft 2 in)
- Empty weight: 2,360 kg (5,203 lb)
- Loaded weight: 3,460 kg (7,630 lb)
- Powerplant: 1× BMW VI 7. The BMW VI was a water-cooled V-12 aircraft engine built in Germany in the 1920s 3 12-cylinder water-cooled inline engine, (750 hp)
- Propellers: metal, two-bladed
Performance
- Maximum speed: 360 km/h (224 mph)
- Range: 900 km (559 mi)
Armament
- Guns: One 7. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country 92mm MG 15 machine gun aimed from rear cockpit
- Bombs: Six 50 kg (110 lb. ) or twenty four 10 kg (22 lb) bombs internally
See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
References
Notes
- ^ Smith and Kay 1972, p. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This list of military aircraft of Germany includes prototype pre-production and operational types 233.
- ^ Smith and Kay 1972, p. 234.
- ^ Donald 1999, p. 494.
Bibliography
- Donald, David (ed. ) The Encyclopedia of Civil Aircraft. London:Aurum Publishing. 1999. ISBN 1-85410-642-2.
- Smith, J. R. and Kay, A. L. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam. 1972. ISBN 85177 836 4.
External links
- Photograph of a Heinkel He 70 Luftwaffe ashtray taken from Halle airfield in May 1945
- Heinkel He 70 EADS. Retrieved 16 February 2008. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
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