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He 111
Type Medium bomber
Manufacturer Heinkel Flugzeugwerke
Designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter
Maiden flight 24 February 1935
Introduced 1936
Retired 1945
Primary user Luftwaffe
Produced 1935 – 1944
Number built 7,300 estimated
Variants CASA 2.111

The Heinkel He 111 was a medium bomber designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter in the early 1930s in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. A medium bomber is a Bomber aircraft designed to operate with medium bombloads over medium distances primarily to distinguish them from the much larger Heavy bombers An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Heinkel Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. Siegfried and Walter Günter were twin brothers and aircraft designers born 8 December 1899. The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1935: Events January January 11 - 12 – Amelia Earhart This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1936: Events February British Marine Aircraft Ltd This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1945: Events January January 1 - the Luftwaffe begins targeting ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. The CASA 2111 was a Medium bomber derived from the Heinkel He 111 and produced in Spain under license by Construcciones Aeronáuticas S Heinkel Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. A medium bomber is a Bomber aircraft designed to operate with medium bombloads over medium distances primarily to distinguish them from the much larger Heavy bombers Siegfried and Walter Günter were twin brothers and aircraft designers born 8 December 1899. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Heinkel became the most numerous and primary Luftwaffe bomber during the early stages of World War II. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It is perhaps the most famous symbol of the German bomber force (Kampfwaffe) due its distinctive "Greenhouse" nose. The He 111 served on every front in the European Theatre throughout the war, despite becoming obsolete. The European Theatre of Operations ( ETO) was an area of heavy fighting across Europe during World War II, from Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland After failure to design and produce a successor, the He 111 continued to be produced until 1944, when piston engined bomber production was largely halted, in favour of fighter aircraft. The Heinkel took on the mantel of "workhorse", and was used in a variety of roles on all of the German fronts during the war. During its career it was used as a Strategic bomber during the Battle of Britain, a Torpedo bomber during the Battle of the Atlantic, Medium bomber and Transport aircraft on the Western Front, Eastern Front and Mediterranean and North African Fronts. A strategic bomber is a heavy type Aircraft designed to drop large amounts of ordnance onto a distant target for the purposes of debilitating an enemy's The Battle of Britain (German ''Luftschlacht um England'' is the name given to the sustained strategic effort by the German Luftwaffe during the summer and Types The torpedo bomber first appeared during the later years of World War I. A medium bomber is a Bomber aircraft designed to operate with medium bombloads over medium distances primarily to distinguish them from the much larger Heavy bombers See Western Front (disambiguation for other meanings Western Front was a term used during the First and Second World The African Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre of World War II encompasses naval land and air campaigns between Allied and Axis forces The design of the Heinkel endured after the war in the CASA 2.111. The CASA 2111 was a Medium bomber derived from the Heinkel He 111 and produced in Spain under license by Construcciones Aeronáuticas S Its airframe was produced in Spain under license by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The design differed significantly in powerplant only. The Heinkels descendant continued in service until 1973, when it was retired.

Contents

History

In the early 1930s Ernst Heinkel decided to build the world's fastest passenger plane, a lofty goal met with more than a little skepticism by the German aircraft industry and its newly evolving political leadership. Ernst Heinkel ( January 24 1888 &ndash January 30 1958) was a German aircraft designer and manufacturer Heinkel entrusted the development to the Günter brothers, fairly new to the company and untested. Siegfried and Walter Günter were twin brothers and aircraft designers born 8 December 1899.

The aircraft was superior to the already fast Lockheed 9 Orion that their design was competing against. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The first example of their soon-to-be-famous Heinkel He 70 Blitz (“Lightning”) rolled off the line in 1932 and immediately started breaking records. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In its normal four passenger version its speed almost reach 200 mph (320 km/h), even though it was powered by only a single 600 hp (447 kW) BMW V1 engine. The elliptical wing, which the Günther brothers had already used in the Bäumer Sausewind sports plane before they joined Heinkel, became a feature in many subsequent designs the brothers developed. An elliptical wing is a Wing Planform shape first seen on Aircraft in the 1930s which minimizes induced drag. The Bäumer B II "Sausewind" is a two-seated sport plane

The design immediately garnered the interest of the Luftwaffe, which was looking for medium bombers for military service.

The future Heinkel He 111 was a more powerful twin-engine version of the Blitz, producing an aircraft that had many of the Blitz's features—including its elliptical inverted gull wing, small rounded control surfaces, and BMW engines. The gull wing is an aircraft configuration with a prominent bend in the Wing somewhere along the span, generally near the Wing root. With location of the engines the only notable change in appearance, the new He 111 design was often called the Doppel-Blitz (“Double Lightning”).

Early Variants

He 111 A - D

Heinkel He 111H-3 of 2./Kampfgeschwader 26, circa 1941
Heinkel He 111H-3 of 2. /Kampfgeschwader 26, circa 1941
Heinkel 111 wreck in North Africa, circa 1942
Heinkel 111 wreck in North Africa, circa 1942

The first prototype, He 111 V1 (W. Nr. 713, D-ADAP), first flew from Rostock-Marienehe on 24 February 1935 [1]. Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It was followed by the civilian-equipped V2 and V4 in May 1935. The V2 (W. Nr. 715, D-ALIX) used the bomb bay as a four-seat "smoking compartment" with another six seats behind it in the rear fuselage. V2 entered service with Lufthansa in 1936, along with five newly built versions known as the He 111 C. The design was only masquerading as an airliner. The aircraft was intended to be a bomber as the Luftwaffe began rearmament. The initial reports from the test pilot, Gerhard Nitschke, were favourable. It flight performance and handling were impressive although it dropped its wing in the stall. As a result the passenger variants had their wings reduced from 25 to 23 metres. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The military aircraft, the V1, V3 and V5 spanned just 22. 6 metres[2].

The first prototypes were underpowered, as they were powered only by 578hp BMW VI 6. 0 six-cylinder in-line engines. This was eventually increased to 999 hp with the fitting of the DB (Daimler-Benz)600 engines into the V5, which became the prototype of the "B" series. Daimler-Benz AG was a German manufacturer of automobiles motor vehicles and engines which was founded in 1926

Only ten He 111 A-0 models based on the V3 were built, but they proved to be underpowered and were eventually sold to China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The type had been lengthened by 1. 2 metres due to the added 7. 92 mm MG 15 machine gun in the nose. The MG 15 was a 792 mm (031 in Machine gun designed specifically as a hand manipulated defensive gun for combat aircraft during the early 1930's Another gun position was installed ontop of the fuselage, and another in a ventral position, which could retract. The bomb compartment was divided into two compartments and could carry 1,500 lbs of bombs. The problem with these additions was that the weight of the aircraft had now reached 8,200Kg. The He 111s performance had been seriously reduced, in particular the BMW VI 6. 0 Z engines were not now powerful enough. The increased length in also altered the 111s aerodynamic strengths and reduced its excellent handling on take-off and landings. [3] The crews found the aircraft difficult to fly, and its top speed was reduced significantly. Production was shut down after the pilots reports reached the RLM. However a Chinese delegation was visiting Germany and they considered the He 111 A-0 fit for their needs and purchased seven machines. [4]

The first He 111B made its maiden flight in the autumn of 1936. After improvements the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM—Air Ministry) ordered 300 He 111B-1s; the first were delivered in January 1937. The Reich Air Ministry (Reichsluftfahrtministerium was a government department during the period of Nazi Germany (1933-45 The B-2 variant had its engines upgraded to the supercharged DB 600C, of 850 hp or in some cases the 600G, of 925 hp. In Theoretical physics, a supercharge is a generator of Supersymmetry transformations The B-2 began to roll off the production lines at the Heinkel works in Oranienburg in 1937[5]. Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel. In late 1937 the D-1 series entered production. However the DB600Ga engine with 1,074 hp, planned for this variant, was instead allocated to the Bf 109 and Bf 110 production lines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Heinkel then opted to use Jumo engines, and the He 111 V6 was tested with Jumo 210 G engines but was vastly underpowered. However the improved 999 hp Jumo 211 A-1 powerplant prompted the cancellation of the D series altogether and concentration on the design of the E series[6].

He 111 E

The E-1s came off the production line in February 1938, and a number of these aircraft served in the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War in March 1938. The Condor Legion (Legion Condor was a unit composed of "volunteers" from the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe) which served with the Nationalist The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of In a way the positive performance influenced later variants. The Luftwaffe believed that because the E variant outran enemy fighters there was no need to upgrade defensive weaponry, which would prove a mistake from the Battle of Britain onward. The Battle of Britain (German ''Luftschlacht um England'' is the name given to the sustained strategic effort by the German Luftwaffe during the summer and The fuselage bomb bay used four bomb racks, in later versions eight modular standard bomb racks designed to carry one SC 250, 250 kg bomb or four SC50, 50 kg bombs each in nose up orientation (which resulted in the bombs' doing a flip as they were dropped out of the aircraft). These modular standard bomb racks were a common feature on the first generation of Luftwaffe bombers (including the Junkers Ju 52), but it turned out that they limited the ordnance selection to bombs of only two sizes. WikipediaWikiProject Since they had to be built strongly enough to carry heavy bombs without contributing to the structural integrity of the aircraft, these racks were abandoned in later designs. The E-3 series was produced with only a few modifications, such as external bomb racks. The E-4 variant was fitted with external bomb racks also and the empty bombay space was filled with a 835 litre tank for aviation fuel and a further 115 litre oil tank. This increased the loaded weight to nearly 11 tons, but increased its range to 1,800 Km (1,125 miles). The modifications allowed the He 111 to perform both long and short range missions. [7]

He 111 F

The He 111 design quickly ran though a series of minor design versions to fix one sort of problem or another. One of the more obvious changes started with the He 111 F models, which moved from the elliptical wing to one with straight leading and trailing edges, which could be manufactured more efficiently. The thirty machines of the F-1 series, fitted with DB 600 engines, were exported to Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Turkish interest, prompted by the fact the tests of the next prototype, He 111 V8, was some way off, promted the RLM t order 40 F-4s with Jumo 211 A-3 engines. These machines were built and enered service in early 1938. This fleet was used during the war itself, as a transport group during the Demyansk Pocket and Battle of Stalingrad. Demyansk Pocket ( German: Festung Demjansk or Kessel von Demjansk; Демя́нский котёл is a name for the encirclement of German troops The Battle of Stalingrad is a commonly used name in English sources for several large operations by Germany and its allies and Soviet forces conducted with the [8] At this time development began on the He 111 J. It was powered by the DB 600 and was intended as a torpedo bomber. As a result it lacked an internal bomb bay and carried two external torpedo racks. The RLM gave an order for the bomb bay to be retrofitted; this variant became known as the J-1. In all but powerplant it was identical to the F-4. [9].

He 111 J

The He 111s low-level performance attracted the interest of the Kriegsmarine. The Kriegsmarine (English "War navy" was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945 during the Nazi regime superseding the The Navy believed the He 111 would make an excellent torpedo bomber, and as a result the He 111 J was produced. The J was capable of carrying torpedoes and mines. The Kriegsmarine eventually dropped the program as they deemed the four man crew too expensive in manpower. The RLM however, had progressed too far with the development, and continued to build the He 111 J-0. Some 90 were built in 1938 and were then sent to Küstenfliegergruppe 806. [10]

He 111 P

The He 111 P incorporated the updated Daimler-Benz DB 601 and featured a newly designed nose section, including an asymmetric Ikaria nose mounting for an MG 15 machine gun, that replaced the 'stepped' cockpit with a roomier and aerodynamically favourable glazed "dome" over the front of the aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout These improvements allowed the aircraft to reach 475 km/h at 5000 m and a cruise speed of 370 km/h, although a full bombload reduced this figure to 300 km/h[11]. The design was implemented in 1937 because pilot reports indicated problems with visibility. After World War II, however, British Royal Navy test pilot Eric "Winkle" Brown, who had flown a number of captured later model He 111s, described the view through the redesigned nose as comparable to "looking down a glass tunnel. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Captain Eric Melrose "Winkle" Brown, CBE, DSC, AFC, FRAeS, RN is a former Royal Navy officer " The pilot's seat could actually be elevated, with the pilot's eyes above the level of the upper glazing, complete with a small pivoted windscreen panel, to get the pilot's head above the level of the top of the "glass tunnel" for a better forward view for take-offs and landings. Eric Brown remarked that this was sort of a "Tiger Moth" transformation (referring to the famous British training biplane's open cockpits and windscreens) to such an advanced bomber's pilot accommodation. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The new design reduced the length of the aircraft by 1. 1 metres. The new design would be powered by the DB 601 Ba engine with 1,175 PS. The design was designated as P-0, and the first production lines reached their units in the Autumn of 1938. In May 1939 the P-1 and P-2 went into service with improved radio equipment. The P-2, like the later P-4 was given stronger armour and two MG 15 machine guns either side of the fuselage and two external bomb racks. [12]

Many of the He 111 Ps served during the Polish Campaign. With the Junkers Ju 88 experiencing technical difficulties, the He 111 and the Dornier Do 17 formed the backbone of the Kampfwaffe. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout On 1 September 1939 Luftwaffe records indicate the Heinkel strength at 705 (along with 533 Dorniers)[13]. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The P-6 variant was the last production model of the He 111 P series. In 1940 the RLM abandoned further production of the P series in favour of the H versions, mostly because the P-series' Daimler-Benz engines were sorely needed for Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Bf 110 fighter production. The remaining P-6s were redesignated P-6/R2s and used as heavy Glider tugs. [14]

The H variant

He 111H-4, on a snow covered Pitomnik airfield, Russia, January 1943. Over 165 Heinkels were lost over the Stalingrad area.
He 111H-4, on a snow covered Pitomnik airfield, Russia, January 1943. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Over 165 Heinkels were lost over the Stalingrad area.

The H variant of the He 111 series was more widely produced and saw more action during the Second World War than any other Heinkel variant. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Owing to the uncertainty surrounding the delivery and availability of the DB 601 engines, Heinkel began tests with the 1,100 hp (820 kW) Junkers Jumo 211 powerplants. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The somewhat larger size and greater weight of the Jumo 211 engines were unimportant considerations for a twin engine design, and the Jumo was used on almost all early-war bomber designs. When the Jumo was fitted to the P model it became the He 111 H.

The P-series was gradually replaced on the eve of war with the new the H-2, powered by Jumo 211 A-3 engines. A count on 2 September 1939 revealed that the Luftwaffe had a total of 787 He 111s in service, with 705 combat ready, including 400 H-1 and H-2s that had been produced in a mere four months[15]. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Production of the H-3, powered by the 1,200 hp Jumo 211 D-1, began in November 1939. After the Battle of Britain a smaller scale production of the H-4s began. This variant differed from the H-3 in that could either carry 2. 000 kg of bombs internally or mount one or two external racks to carry one 1. 800 kg or two 1. 000 kg bombs. As these external racks blocked the internal bomb bay doors a combination of internal and external storage was not possible. The H-5 series followed in February 1941, with heavier defensive armament. Some H-3 and H-4s were equipped with barrage balloon cable cutting equipment in the shape of cutter installations forward of the engines and cockpit. A barrage balloon is a large balloon tethered with metal cables used to defend against low-level attack by aircraft by damaging the aircraft on collision with the cables They were designated H-8, but later named H8/R2. These aircraft were difficult to fly and the production stopped. The H-6 initiated some all around improvements in design. The Jumo 211 F-1 engine of 1,350 hp increased its speed while the defensive armament was upgraded with one MG FF in the nose position, one MG 15 in the ventral turret and in each of the fuselage side windows (optional). Some H-6 variants carried tail-mounted MG 17 defensive armament[16]. With the H-11 the Luftwaffe had at its disposal a powerful medium bomber with heavier armour and defensive armament.

One of the most interesting variants was as a glider tug, the He 111 Z, standing for Zwilling or twin. Terminology A "glider" is an unpowered Aircraft. The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes It was built from two 111 H-6s joined together with a connecting wing and a fifth engine and used to tow the giant Messerschmitt Me 321 or two Gotha Go 242 gliders. The Messerschmitt Me 321 Gigant was a large German cargo Glider aircraft developed during the Second World War. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Ten He 111 Zs were built, and all served until destroyed one way or another.

At 14,000 kg take-off weight (carrying 2,000 kg of bombs internally), the He 111H achieved a top speed of 405 km/h at 6 km, improving to 435 km/h without the bomb load and at 50% fuel load. Still, this was considerably slower than the newer Junkers Ju 88 which entered service in 1940, so the He 111 was gradually withdrawn from the bomber role. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The He 111 became a jack-of-all-trades as the war progressed, carrying out missions not even imagined even when the war started.

Nevertheless, the He 111 had to be kept in production until 1944 because the RLM failed to provide a successor: the He 177 Greif heavy bomber was plagued by engine problems, and the Bomber B program was eventually abandoned. The Heinkel He 177 Greif ( Griffin) was a long-range bomber of the Luftwaffe. Bomber B was a German project dating to just before the start of World War II to develop a second-generation high-speed Bomber that would replace all medium The vast majority of the 7,300 He 111s produced would be the H models, largely identical to the first H introduced in 1939.

List H variants

CASA 2.111
The Spanish company CASA also produced a number of heavily modified He 111s under license for indigenous use. The CASA 2111 was a Medium bomber derived from the Heinkel He 111 and produced in Spain under license by Construcciones Aeronáuticas S These models were designed CASA 2. 111 and served until 1965.

Operators

Military operators

Civil operators

Survivors

He 111, Werknr. 701152, RAF Hendon, London. This H-20, built in 1944, was modified to drop paratroops (Fallschirmjäger)
He 111, Werknr. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Slovak Republic ( Slovak: Slovenská republika) was an independent national Slovak state which existed from 14 March 1939 The Spanish State ( Estado Español) was the formal name given to Spain from 1939 to 1978 by the régime of Francisco Franco Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania 701152, RAF Hendon, London. This H-20, built in 1944, was modified to drop paratroops (Fallschirmjäger)
Inside Wk Nr 701152. The upper gunners position was removed after capture and lost
Inside Wk Nr 701152. The upper gunners position was removed after capture and lost
The He 111P2, Wk Nr 1526, in Norway, built in 1939
The He 111P2, Wk Nr 1526, in Norway, built in 1939

Only three original German built He 111's survivors are on display or stored in museums around the world (not including major sections)[18]. Of the three complete German built Heinkels, one E-3 series (Wk Nr 2940) with the 'conventional' cockpit is on display at Museo del Aire, Madrid, Spain, having served in the Condor Legion. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Second, a mostly complete He 111P-2 (Wk Nr 1526), is on display at the Norwegian Air Force Museum at Gardermoen [19]. Oslo Airport Gardermoen (Norwegian Oslo lufthavn Gardermoen) is located at Gardermoen in Ullensaker, Norway, 48 km north of Oslo The third, a H-20, Wk Nr 701152, is on display at the RAF Museum Hendon, London. The Royal Air Force Museum ( RAF Museum) is a Museum dedicated to the history of Aviation, and the British Royal Air Force in particular

In 2005 another He 111 was salvaged from a Norwegian lake and has since been moved to Germany for restoration, and may be the most complete wartime He 111 to date. [20] Unrelated to this effort are efforts by several organizations to restore one to flyable condition.

Approximately 14 Spanish licensed built He 111's (designated CASA 2.111) survive today in various conditions on display or storage. The CASA 2111 was a Medium bomber derived from the Heinkel He 111 and produced in Spain under license by Construcciones Aeronáuticas S One modified Spanish 2. 111D served as a transport for Spanish VIPs, including General Francisco Franco, before being purchased in England by the Commemorative Air Force in 1977. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Commemorative Air Force (CAF, formerly known as the Confederate Air Force, is a Texas -based Non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and It remained the last He 111 in flyable condition until July 10, 2003, when it was destroyed in a fatal crash landing. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The aircraft was attempting a landing at the Cheyenne Municipal Airport, near Cheyenne, Wyoming, while en route from Midland, Texas to an air show in Missoula, Montana. Cheyenne are a Native American nation of the Great Plains. The Cheyenne Nation is composed of two united tribes, the Só'taa'e (more commonly The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. Midland is a city in and the County seat of Midland County located on the Southern Plains of the western area of the U Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern Eyewitness reports indicate the aircraft lost power to one engine on final approach and ploughed through a chain link fence before colliding with a school bus washing building under construction. Killed were CAF pilot Neil R. Stamp and co-pilot Charles S. Bates.

Specifications (He 111 H-6)

Data from Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II [21]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

See also

Comparable aircraft

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. The MG 15 was a 792 mm (031 in Machine gun designed specifically as a hand manipulated defensive gun for combat aircraft during the early 1930's The MG 81 was a belt fed 792 mm Machine gun for fixed or flexible installations in World War II Luftwaffe aircraft replacing the older The MG FF was a drum-fed 20 mm aircraft Autocannon, developed in 1936 by Ikaria Werke Berlin of Germany. An autocannon is a rapid fire projectile Weapon. Autocannon often have a larger Caliber (calibre than a Machine gun (i The MG 131 (shortened from German: Maschinengewehr 131, or "Machine gun 131" was a 13 mm Machine gun developed in 1938 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This list of military aircraft of Germany includes prototype pre-production and operational types 32.
  2. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. 32.
  3. ^ Janowicz 2004, p. 15.
  4. ^ Janowicz 2004, p. 16.
  5. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. 32-33.
  6. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. 34.
  7. ^ Janowicz 2004, p. 23.
  8. ^ Janowicz 2004, p. 25.
  9. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. 34.
  10. ^ Janowicz 2004, p. 27.
  11. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. 34.
  12. ^ Dressel and Griehl 1994, p. 34.
  13. ^ Nowarra 1990, p. 37.
  14. ^ Dressel and Griehl 1994, p. 35.
  15. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. 36.
  16. ^ Dressel & Griehl 1994, p. 37.
  17. ^ Griehl 1994, p. 34.
  18. ^ *List of He 111 survivors
  19. ^ JU88.net
  20. ^ This Ju-88 site has links to He 111 recovery (as well as images of the previously mentioned He 111P located in "Other -> Other Projects" )
  21. ^ Bridgeman 1946, p. 167.

Bibliography

External links


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