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A hedge school (Irish names include scoil chois claí, scoil ghairid and scoil scairte) is the name given to an educational practice in 19th century Ireland, so called due to its rural nature. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time It came about as local educated men began an oral tradition of teaching the community. Oral tradition, oral culture and oral lore is a way for a society to transmit history, literature, law and other Knowledges With the advent of the commercial world after 1600, peasant society saw the need for greater education. While the "hedge school" label suggests the classes always took place out-doors (by a hedgerow), classes were more regularly held in a house or barn. A hedge is a line of closely spaced Shrubs and bushes planted and trained in such a way as to form a barrier or to mark the boundary of an area Subjects included primarily basic grammar, English and maths (the fundamental "three Rs"). Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and The three R's (as in the letter 'R' is a phrase sometimes used to describe the foundations of a Basic skills oriented education program within schools reading In some schools the Irish bardic tradition, Latin, history and home economics were also taught. Etymology The word is a Loanword from descendant languages of Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gwerh2 Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Family and consumer sciences is an academic discipline that combines aspects of social and natural science Reading was generally based on chapbooks, sold at fairs, typically with exciting stories of well-known adventurers and outlaws. Chapbook is a generic term to cover a particular genre of pocket-sized booklet popular from the sixteenth through to the later part of the nineteenth century Payment was generally made per subject, and brighter pupils would often compete locally with their teachers.

While Catholic schools were forbidden under the Penal laws from 1723 to 1782, no hedge teachers were known to be prosecuted. The Penal Laws in Ireland (Na Péindlíthe refers to a series of laws imposed under British rule that sought to discriminate against Roman Catholics and Protestant dissenters in favour Indeed, official records were made of hedge schools by census makers. Example The laws' main target was education by the main Catholic religious orders, whose wealthier establishments were occasionally confiscated. The laws aimed to force Irish Catholics of the middle classes and gentry to convert to Anglicanism if they wanted a good education in Ireland. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs

Hedge schools declined from the foundation of the National School system by government in the 1830s. A national school is a type of School. England and Wales See also Education in England, Education in Wales Historically James Doyle, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin preferred this, as the new schools would be largely under the control of his church and allow a better teaching of Catholic doctrine. Bishop James Doyle (1786-1834 was a Roman Catholic Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin in Ireland, best known from his signature 'JKL' an acronym from 'James The Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin ( Irish: Deoise Chill Dara agus Leithghlinn) is a Roman Catholic diocese in Ireland He wrote to his priests in 1831:

“ [The Roman Catholic bishops] welcomed the rule which requires that all the teachers henceforth to be employed be provided from some Model School, with a certificate of their competency, that will aid us in a work of great difficulty, to wit, that of suppressing hedge schools, and placing youths under the direction of competent teachers, and of those only. ”

Fernández-Suárez (see below) has found that hedge schools existed into the 1890s, suggesting that the schools had existed as much from rural poverty and a lack of resources as from religious oppression. Marianne Eliott also mentions that they were used by the poor and not just by the Catholics. While the hedge schools were unfunded, the national school system set up from 1831 was ahead of school provision in England at that time. After 1900 some historians like Daniel Corkery tended to emphasize the hedge schools' classical studies (in Latin and Greek) - however, while these studies were sometimes taught (based on a local demand) they were not always common to every school. Daniel Corkery (14 February 1878 &ndash 31 December 1964 was an Irish Politician, Writer and Teacher. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c

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