Hebei Province
Chinese : 河北省 Héběi Shěng
Abbreviations: 冀  (pinyin: Jì)
Origin of name	河 hé - (Yellow) River 北 běi - north "north of the Yellow River"
Administration type	Province
Capital (and largest city)	Shijiazhuang
CPC Ctte Secretary	Zhang Yunchuan 张云川
Governor	Hu Chunhua 胡春华 (Acting)
Area	187,700 km² (72,500 sq mi) (12th)
Population (2004)  - Density	68,090,000 (6th) 363 /km² (940 /sq mi) (11th)
GDP (2006)  - per capita	CNY 1. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Shijiazhuang ( literally "The Stones' Village" is a Prefecture-level city and the Capital of Hebei province, China The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A committee (some of which are titled instead as a "Commission" or other terms discussed below in) is a type of small Deliberative assembly that is usually intended Hu Chunhua ( Chinese: 胡春华 Pinyin: Hú Chūnhuá, born April 1963 is a politician of People's Republic of China, the former First Secretary Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions special administrative In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions municipalities This articles lists of the first-level administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (P Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 16 trillion (6th) CNY 16,570 (12th)
HDI (2005)	0. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of Mainland China (including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of their total Gross This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 766 (medium) (12th)
Major nationalities	Han - 96% Manchu - 3% Hui - 0. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 8% Mongol - 0. 3%
Prefecture-level	11 divisions
County-level	172 divisions
Township-level†	2207 divisions
ISO 3166-2	CN-13
Official website http://www.hebei.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese)
Source for population and GDP data: 《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005 ISBN 7503747382 Source for nationalities data: 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China ISBN 7105054255 † As at December 31, 2004

Hebei (help·info) (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Hébĕi; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Chinese Postal Map Romanization ( Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音 Simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn refers to the Northern China or North China ( literally "China's north" is a Geographical region of China. A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (pinyin: jì), named after Ji Province (冀州 Jì Zhōu), a Han Dynasty province (zhou) that included southern Hebei. A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The zhōu (州 was a historical political division of China. First established during the Han Dynasty, zhou continued to exist until the establishment The name Hebei means "north of the (Yellow) River". The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the ^[1]

Zhili (traditional Chinese: 直隸; simplified Chinese: 直隶; pinyin: Zhílì; Wade-Giles: Chih-li), meaning "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)", was the name of Hebei before 1928. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Hebei completely surrounds Beijing and Tianjin municipalities (which also border each other). ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. It borders Liaoning to the northeast, Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, and Shandong to the southeast. ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea is to the east. Bohai Bay ( is one of the three bays forming the Bohai Gulf, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea, in northeastern China. The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. A small part of Hebei, an exclave disjointed from the rest of the province, is wedged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.

A common alternate name for Hebei is Yānzhào (燕赵), after the state of Yan and state of Zhao that existed here during the Warring States Period of early Chinese history. Yan ( was a state during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China. Zhao ( Pinyin: zhào Traditional Chinese: 趙 Simplified Chinese: 赵 was a Chinese State during The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Administrative divisions 4 Politics 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture 8 Media 9 Transportation 10 Tourism 11 Sports 12 Colleges and universities 13 Footnotes 14 External links 15 See also

History

Plains in Hebei were the home of Peking man, a group of Homo erectus that lived in the area around 200,000 to 700,000 years ago. Peking Man (now in pinyin as Beijing Man) also called Sinanthropus pekinensis (currently Homo erectus pekinensis) is an example of Homo erectus Homo erectus ( Latin: "upright man" is an extinct species of the genus Homo, believed to have been the first hominin Neolithic findings at the prehistoric Beifudi site date back to 7000 and 8000 BCE. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The Prehistoric Beifudi site (北福地 near Yixian in Hebei Province, China, is the Excavation of a recently discovered Prehistoric ^[2]

During the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 476 BC), Hebei was under the rule of the states of Yan (燕) in the north and Jin (晉) in the south. The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC Yan ( was a state during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China. Jin ( Traditional Chinese: 晉 Simplified Chinese: 晋 Pinyin: Jìn was one of the most powerful states in the Spring and Autumn Period Also during this period, a nomadic people known as Dí (狄) invaded the plains of northern China and established Zhongshan (中山) in central Hebei. Zhongshan (中山國 Pinyin: Zhōngshān Guó was a State in the Zhou Dynasty that roughly corresponds to the territory of the modern prefecture-level During the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC), Jin was partitioned, and much of its territory within Hebei went to Zhao (赵). The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Zhao ( Pinyin: zhào Traditional Chinese: 趙 Simplified Chinese: 赵 was a Chinese State during

The Qin Dynasty unified China in 221 BC. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Events By place Carthage The Carthaginian general Hasdrubal is murdered by a Celtic assassin while campaigning to increase The Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) ruled the area under two provinces (zhou), Youzhou Province (幽州) in the north and Jizhou Province (冀州) in the south. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Events By place Roman Republic In the Battle of Ilipa ( Alcalá del Río, near Seville) in Spain, the Events By Place Roman Empire The Goths invade Asia Minor and the Balkans. The zhōu (州 was a historical political division of China. First established during the Han Dynasty, zhou continued to exist until the establishment At the end of the Han Dynasty, most of Hebei came under the control of warlords Gongsun Zan in the north and Yuan Shao further south; Yuan Shao emerged victorious of the two, but he was soon defeated by rival Cao Cao (based further south, in modern-day Henan) in the Battle of Guandu in 200. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. A warlord is a person with power who has military control over a subnational area due to Armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority Gongsun Zan (? - 199 styled Bogui (伯珪 A native of Liaoxi (遼西 he was a warlord with fierce reputation during the late Eastern Han Dynasty era of China Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Cáo Cāo ( 曹[[wikt 操|操]] 155 &ndash March 15, 220) was a regional Warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰 was a Battle during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history that took place at the Yellow River Events By Place World Human population reaches about 257 million Hebei then came under the rule of the Kingdom of Wei (one of the Three Kingdoms), established by the descendants of Cao Cao. Cao Wei ( was one of the empires that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of Cáo Cāo ( 曹[[wikt 操|操]] 155 &ndash March 15, 220) was a regional Warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the

After the invasions of northern nomadic peoples at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the chaos of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties ensued. Cangzhou ( is a prefecture-level City in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties The Sixteen Kingdoms ( or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Hebei, firmly in North China and right at the northern frontier, changed hands many times, being controlled at various points in history by the Later Zhao, Former Yan, Former Qin, and Later Yan. The Later Zhao ( 319 - 351) was a State of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420 in China. The Former Yan ( 337 - 370) was a State of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. The Former Qin ( 351 - 394) was a State of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China. The Later Yan ( 383 - 407 or 409) was a Murong - Xianbei state locate in north-east of current China during the era of Sixteen The Northern Wei reunified northern China in 440, but split in half in 534, with Hebei coming under the eastern half (first the Eastern Wei; then the Northern Qi), which had its capital at Ye (鄴), near modern Linzhang, Hebei. The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 Pinyin: běi wèi 386 - 534) also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓拔魏 Later Wei (後魏 or Events By Place Western Roman Empire Geiseric, king of the Vandals, captures Sicily. Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 1 — Decimus Theodorius Paulinus is appointed Consul (the last to hold this The Eastern Wei Dynasty (Chinese 東魏 followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 534 to 550. The Northern Qi Dynasty (Chinese 北齊 Běiqí was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577. The Sui Dynasty again unified China in 589. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. Events By Place Europe October 17 — The Adige River overflows its banks flooding the church of St

During the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) the area was formally designated "Hebei" (north of the Yellow River) for the first time. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Events By Place Asia The Sui Dynasty ends and the Tang Dynasty begins in China. Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine During the earlier part of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Hebei was fragmented among several regimes, though it was eventually unified by Li Cunxu, who established the Later Tang Dynasty (923 - 936). Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. Li Cunxu was King of Jin, China (908-923 and later became Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (923-926 The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 936 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Events By Place Europe June 15 — Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Events By Place Asia King Taejo of Goryeo (Wanggeon defeats Hubaekje. The next dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty under Shi Jingtang, posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin, ceded much of modern-day northern Hebei to the Khitan Liao Dynasty in the north; this territory, called The Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, became a major weakness in China's defense against the Khitans for the next century, since it lay within the Great Wall. Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" (see clarification here. Shi Jingtang 石敬瑭 (892-942 was the founder of the Later Jin Dynasty (936-946 the third of the Five Dynasties that controlled much of northern China from The Khitan (or Khitai,) were a Nomadic people, located in Mongolia and modern Manchuria (Northeast China from the 4th century dominating much of it The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Great Wall of China ( or ( is a series of stone and earthen Fortifications in China, built rebuilt and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th

During the Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1127), the sixteen ceded prefectures continued to be an area of hot contention between Song China and the Liao Dynasty. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria The Southern Song Dynasty that came after abandoned all of North China, including Hebei, to the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) in 1127. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Northern China or North China ( literally "China's north" is a Geographical region of China. The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty

The Mongol Yuan Dynasty divided China into provinces but did not establish Hebei as a province. The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai The Ming Dynasty ruled Hebei as "Beizhili" (北直隸, pinyin: Běizhílì), meaning "Northern Directly Ruled", because the area contained and was directly ruled by the imperial capital, Beijing; the "Northern" designation was used because there was a southern counterpart covering present-day Jiangsu and Anhui. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country Anhui (in Chinese: 安徽 Ānhuī) is a province of the People's Republic of China. When the Manchu Qing Dynasty came to power in 1644, they abolished the southern counterpart, and Hebei became known as "Zhili", or simply "Directly Ruled". The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China During the Qing Dynasty, the northern borders of Zhili extended deep into what is now Inner Mongolia, and overlapped in jurisdiction with the leagues of Inner Mongolia. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol A league ( ayimaɣ or historically čiɣulɣan; Chinese: 盟 Pinyin: méng is an administrative unit in Inner Mongolia,

The Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1912 and was replaced by the Republic of China. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Within a few years, China descended into civil war, with regional warlords vying for power. Since Zhili was so close to Peking (Beijing), the capital, it was the site of frequent wars, including the Zhiwan War, the First Zhifeng War and the Second Zhifeng War. With the success of the Northern Expedition, a successful campaign by the Kuomintang to end the rule of the warlords, the capital was moved from Peking (Beijing) to Nanking (Nanjing). The Northern Expedition ( was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (KMT from 1926 to 1928. ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles As a result, the name of Zhili was changed to Hebei to reflect that fact that it had a standard provincial administration, and that the capital had been relocated elsewhere.

The founding of the People's Republic of China saw several changes: the region around Chengde, previously part of Rehe Province (historically part of Manchuria), and the region around Zhangjiakou, previously part of Chahar Province (historically part of Inner Mongolia), were merged into Hebei, extending its borders northwards beyond the Great Wall. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Chengde ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. Administration Rehe was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Zhangjiakou ( also known also by several other names) is a city in the Hebei Province of northern China. Administration and history Chahar is a tribal group of the Mongols. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol The capital was also moved from Baoding to the upstart city of Shijiazhuang, and, for a short period, to Tianjin. Baoding ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province China. Shijiazhuang ( literally "The Stones' Village" is a Prefecture-level city and the Capital of Hebei province, China ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China.

On July 28, 1976, Tangshan was struck by a powerful earthquake, the Tangshan earthquake, the deadliest of the 20th century with over 240,000 killed. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tangshan ( is a mainly industrial Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer The Tangshan earthquake ( also known as the Great Tangshan earthquake or GTE, was a natural disaster that occurred on July 28, 1976. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on A series of smaller earthquakes struck the city in the following decade.

In 2005, Chinese archaeologists unearthed what is being called the Chinese equivalent of Italy's Pompeii. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Pompeii is a ruined and partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples and Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, in The find in question, located near Liumengchun Village (柳孟春村) in Cang County in east-central Hebei, is a buried settlement destroyed nearly 700 years ago by a major earthquake. Another possible explanation may be the four successive floods which hit the area around the time when the settlement met its sudden end. The settlement appears to have been a booming commercial center during the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms [1]

Geography

Most of central and southern Hebei lies within the North China Plain. The North China Plain ( is based on the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River and is the largest Alluvial plain of eastern Asia. The western part of Hebei rises into the Taihang Mountains (Taihang Shan), while the Yan Mountains (Yan Shan) run through northern Hebei, beyond which lie the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The Taihang Mountains ( are a Chinese Mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Henan, Shanxi and Hebei The Yanshan or Yan Mountains ( Chinese: 燕山）are a major mountain range north of the North China Plain in northern Hebei Province Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol The Great Wall of China cuts through northern Hebei from east to west as well, briefly entering the border of Beijing Municipality, and terminates at the seacoast of Shanhaiguan in northeastern Hebei. The Great Wall of China ( or ( is a series of stone and earthen Fortifications in China, built rebuilt and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th Shanhaiguan or Shanhai Pass ( literally "Mountain and Sea Pass" is a part of the city of Qinhuangdao, in Hebei province People's Republic The highest peak is Mount Xiaowutai in northwestern Hebei, with an altitude of 2882 m. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International

Hebei borders Bohai Sea on the east. Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. The Hai He watershed covers most of the province's central and southern parts, and the Luan He watershed covers the northeast. The Hai River ( previously called Bai He (Chinese 白河 pinyin Bái Hé; literally "white river" Pei Ho in Western sources is a A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The Luan River ( Luan He, 滦河 formerly known as Lei Shui, or Ru Shui) is a River in China. Not counting the numerous reservoirs to be found in Hebei's hills and mountains, the largest lake in Hebei is Baiyangdian, located mostly in Anxin County. Lake Baiyangdian ( Chinese 白洋淀 is located in the Hebei Province, China.

Hebei has a continental monsoon climate, with temperatures of -16 to -3 °C in January and 20 - 27 °C in July, and with annual precipitation of 400 to 800 mm, occurring mostly in summer. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days

Major cities:

• Shijiazhuang
• Baoding
• Tangshan
• Qinhuangdao
• Handan
• Zhangjiakou

Administrative divisions

Hebei is made up of 11 prefecture-level divisions, which are all prefecture-level cities:

• Shijiazhuang (石家庄市 : Shíjiāzhuāng Shì)
• Tangshan (唐山市 : Tángshān Shì)
• Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛市 : Qínhuángdǎo Shì)
• Handan (邯郸市 : Hándān Shì)
• Xingtai (邢台市 : Xíngtái Shì)
• Baoding (保定市 : Bǎodìng Shì)
• Zhangjiakou (张家口市 : Zhāngjiākǒu Shì)
• Chengde (承德市 : Chéngdé Shì)
• Cangzhou (沧州市 : Cāngzhōu Shì)
• Langfang (廊坊市 : Lángfáng Shì)
• Hengshui (衡水市 : Héngshuǐ Shì)

These are subdivided into 172 county-level divisions (22 county-level cities, 108 counties, 6 autonomous counties and 36 districts). A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Shijiazhuang ( literally "The Stones' Village" is a Prefecture-level city and the Capital of Hebei province, China Tangshan ( is a mainly industrial Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China. Qinhuangdao ( Postal map spelling: Chinwangtao) is a city in Hebei province China. Handan ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the southwestern part of Hebei Province of China. Xingtai ( is a Prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province China. Baoding ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province China. Zhangjiakou ( also known also by several other names) is a city in the Hebei Province of northern China. Chengde ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. Cangzhou ( is a prefecture-level City in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Langfang (廊坊 Hebei province, China, is a Prefecture-level city located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin Hengshui ( is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province China. A county-level city ( is a county-level administrative division of Mainland China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. Those are, in turn, divided into 2207 township-level divisions (1 district public office, 937 towns, 979 townships, 55 ethnic townships, and 235 subdistricts). The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 鎮 (simplified 镇; pinyin zhèn Wade-Giles Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' Subdistrict is a low level Administrative division of a country

For a complete list of the county-level divisions of Hebei, see List of administrative divisions of Hebei. The administrative divisions of Hebei, a province of the People's Republic of China, consists of prefecture-level divisions subdivided into county-level

Politics

Main article: Politics of Hebei

The politics of Hebei is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The politics of Hebei Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction

The Governor of Hebei is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Hebei. The politics of Hebei Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Hebei Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Hebei CPC Party Chief". The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the In the Politics of the People's Republic of China, a party chief (Chinese 党委书记 variously called a party boss, and officially termed the Communist Party

Economy

In 2006, Hebei's GDP was 1. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 16 trillion yuan (US$146. 8 billion), an increase of 12. 9% over the previous year and ranked 6th in the PRC. GDP per capita reached 16,570 Renminbi. Disposable income per capita in urban areas was 7951 RMB, while rural pure income per capita was 3171 RMB. Disposable income is Gross income minus Income tax on that income The primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors of industry contributed 137. 04 billion, 470. 34 billion, and 276. 32 billion RMB respectively. The registered unemployment rate was 4%. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. [2]

Hebei's main agricultural products are cereal crops including wheat, maize, millet, and sorghum. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica The millets are a group of small- Seeded Species of Cereal crops or grains widely grown around the world for Food and Fodder Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part Cash crops like cotton, peanut, soya bean and sesame are also produced. In Agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is grown for Money. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp The peanut, or Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the Legume family Fabaceae native to South America, Mexico Sesame ( Sesamum indicum) is a Flowering plant in the genus Sesamum.

Kailuan, with a history of over 100 years, is one of China's first modern coal mines, and remains a major mine with an annual production of over 20 million metric tonnes. The Kailuan Group is a coal mining company in China. Much of the North China Oilfield is found in Hebei, and there are also major iron mines at Handan and Qian'an. Handan ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the southwestern part of Hebei Province of China.

Hebei's industries include textiles, coal, steel, iron, engineering, chemical production, petroleum, power, ceramics and food. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικός ( keramikos)

Demographics

The population is mostly Han Chinese with minorities of Mongol, Manchu, and Hui Chinese. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam.

Ethnic groups in Hebei, 2000 census
Nationality	Population	Percentage
Han Chinese	63,781,603	95. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 65%
Manchu	2,118,711	3. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in 18%
Hui	542,639	0. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 18%
Mongol	169,887	0. 26%
Zhuang	20,832	0. 031%

Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China.
Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN 7-105-05425-5)

In 2004, the birth rate was 11. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Crude birth rate is the natality or Childbirths per 1000 people per year 98 births/1000 population, while the death rate was 6. Mortality rate is a measure of the number of Deaths (in general or due to a specific cause in some population scaled to the size of that population per unit time 19 births/1000 population. The sex ratio was 104. In Anthropology and Demography, the human sex ratio is the Sex ratio for Homo sapiens (i 52 males/100 females. [3]

Culture

Dialects of Mandarin are spoken over most of the province, and most Mandarin dialects in Hebei are in turn classified as part of the Ji Lu Mandarin subdivision. Regions along the western border with Shanxi, however, have dialects that are distinct enough for linguists to consider them as part of Jin, another subdivision of Chinese, rather than Mandarin. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. In general, the dialects of Hebei are quite similar to and readily intelligible with the Beijing dialect, which forms the basis for Standard Mandarin, the official language of the nation. Beijing dialect ( is the Dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan However, there are also some distinct differences, such as differences in the pronunciation of certain words that derive from entering tone syllables (syllables ending on a plosive) in Middle Chinese. Entering tone ( is one of four syllable types in the Phonology in Middle Chinese which are commonly translated as "tone" A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. Middle Chinese ( or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern

Traditional forms of Chinese opera in Hebei include Pingju, Hebei Bangzi, and Cangzhou Kuaiban Dagu. Chinese Opera ( Chinese: 戏曲/戲曲 Pinyin: xìqǔ is a popular form of Drama and Musical theatre in China with roots going back Pingju is especially popular: it tends to be colloquial in language and hence easy to understand for audiences. Originating from northeastern Hebei, Pingju has been influenced by other forms of Chinese opera like Beijing opera. Beijing opera or Peking opera ( is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music vocal performance mime dance and acrobatics Traditionally Pingju makes use of just a xiaosheng (young male lead), a xiaodan (young female lead), and a xiaohualian (young comic character), though it has since diversified with the use of other roles as well. Dan ( 旦) is the general name for Female roles in Chinese opera.

Quyang County, in central Hebei, is famous for its Dingzhou porcelain, which includes various vessels such as bowls, plates, vases, and cups, as well as figurines. Quyang County is under the administrative control of Baoding City Hebei. Dingzhou porcelain is usually creamy white, though it is also made in other colours.

Hebei cuisine is typically based on wheat, mutton and beans.

Famous people born in Hebei Province include:

• Feng Dao (881-954), Confucian minister
• Yan Yuan (1635-1704), Confucian philosopher
• Chi Jushan (1876-1962), playwright and scholar

Media

Hebei is served by Hebei Television. Feng Dao (馮道 (882 in Ying-chou - 954 was the Chinese government minster who in 932 ordered the Confucian classics printed using movable wood blocks Hebei Television (HEBTV ( is a Television network in Hebei province and all parts of the Beijing and Tianjin television viewing areas

Transportation

Hebei surrounds Beijing, so many important railway lines radiating out of Beijing pass through Hebei. The Jingguang Railway (Beijing-Guangzhou) is one of the most important: it passes through many major cities like Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and Handan on its way through Hebei from north to south. Jingguang railway ( Chinese: 京广铁路/京廣鐵路 or 京广线/京廣綫 is a major artery Railway in the China connecting Beijing West railway Baoding ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province China. Shijiazhuang ( literally "The Stones' Village" is a Prefecture-level city and the Capital of Hebei province, China Xingtai ( is a Prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province China. Handan ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the southwestern part of Hebei Province of China. Other important railways include the Jingjiu Railway (Beijing-Kowloon), the Jinghu Railway (Beijing-Shanghai), the Jingha Railway (Beijing-Harbin), and the Jingbao Railway (Beijing-Baotou). Jingjiu Railway (also known as Beijing-Kowloon Railway, Beijing-Kowloon Line;) is a railway in the People's Republic of China connecting Beijing West The Jinghu railway (京沪铁路 is a train line running between Beijing and Shanghai in China through Tianjin, Hebei, The Jingha railway (京哈铁路 is the railway that connects Beijing with Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, in Mainland China. The Jingbao railway (京包铁路 is a 833 km railway from Beijing to Baotou, Inner Mongolia in mainland China

The recent expressway boom in China has not left Hebei behind. There are expressways to every prefecture-level city of Hebei except Chengde, totalling to approximately 2000 kilometers. Chengde ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. The total length of highways within Hebei is around 40,000 kilometers.

There are a number of ports along the Bohai Sea, including Qinhuangdao (the second busiest in China with a capacity of over 100 million tons), Huanghua, and Jingtang. Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. Qinhuangdao ( Postal map spelling: Chinwangtao) is a city in Hebei province China. Shijiazhuang's Zhengding Airport is the province's center of air transportation, with domestic and international flights.

Tourism

The east end of the Ming Great Wall is located on the coast at Shanhaiguan (Shanhai Pass), near Qinhuangdao. The Great Wall of China ( or ( is a series of stone and earthen Fortifications in China, built rebuilt and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th Shanhaiguan or Shanhai Pass ( literally "Mountain and Sea Pass" is a part of the city of Qinhuangdao, in Hebei province People's Republic Qinhuangdao ( Postal map spelling: Chinwangtao) is a city in Hebei province China. Informally known as the "First Pass of The World" (天下第一關), Shanhaiguan was the place where Ming general Wu Sangui opened the gates to Manchu forces in 1644, beginning nearly 300 years of Manchu rule; Shanhai Pass also marks the psychological entrance / exit of Manchuria, so that for centuries Manchuria was known as "outside the Pass" or "east of the Pass". Wu Sangui ( styled Changbai 長白 or Changbo 長伯 (1612 &ndash October 2, 1678) was a Ming Chinese general who was Beidaihe, located near Shanhaiguan, is a popular beach resort wellknown as a former meeting place for top governmental officials. Beidaihe District ( is a district in Qinhuangdao municipality Hebei province China.

The Ming Great Wall crosses the northern part of Hebei.

The Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples are a World Heritage Site. Chengde ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. The Mountain Resort in Chengde ( Chinese: 避暑山庄 Pinyin: Bìshǔ Shānzhuāng literally Mountain Resort for Avoiding the Heat Manchu: Halhūn A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Also known as the Rehe Palace, this was the summer resort of the Manchu Qing Dynasty emperors. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The Chengde Resort was built between 1703 and 1792, and consists of a palace complex, a large park area consisting of lakes, pavilions, causeways, bridges, etc. , and a number of Tibetan Buddhist and Han Chinese temples in the surrounding area.

There are Qing Dynasty imperial tombs at Zunhua (East Qing Tombs) and Yixian (West Qing Tombs). Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China For the New York prison see The Tombs. A Tomb is a repository for the remains of the dead. Zunhua (Chinese 遵化市 is a County-level city of Tangshan, Hebei, China. The East Qing Tombs is the resting place of 161 Qing emperors, empresses, and other members of the Qing imperial family, while the West Qing Tombs has 76. These are also part of a World Heritage Site. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

The Zhaozhou Anji Bridge, built by Li Chun during the Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in China, and one of the most significant examples of pre-modern Chinese civil engineering. Zhàozhōu Cōngshěn (趙州從諗 Wade-Giles: Chao-chou Ts'ung-shen; Japanese: Jōshū Jūshin) (778–897 was a Chán ( The Zhaozhou Bridge ( is the world's oldest open-spandrel stone segmental Arch bridge. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built

Baoding, the old provincial capital, contains the historical Zhili Governor's Residence. Baoding ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province China.

Xibaipo, a village about 90 km from Shijiazhuang, was the location of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army during the decisive stages of the Chinese Civil War between May 26, 1948 and March 23, 1949, at which point they were moved to Beijing. Shijiazhuang ( literally "The Stones' Village" is a Prefecture-level city and the Capital of Hebei province, China The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Today, the area houses a memorial site.

Sports

Sports teams based in Hebei include:

Chinese Basketball Association
There are no teams based in Hebei. The Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA; Chinese 中国男子篮球职业联赛 is the premier professional Basketball league in China.

Chinese Football Association
There are no teams based in Hebei. The Football Association of the People's Republic of China ( Simplified Chinese: 中国足球协会 Traditional Chinese: 中國足球協會 Pinyin

Colleges and universities

Under the national Ministry of Education:

• North China Electric Power University (华北电力大学)

Under other national agencies:

• Central Institute for Correctional Police (中央司法警官学院)
• Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy (中国人民武装警察部队学院)
• North China Institute of Science and Technology (华北科技学院)

Under the provincial government:

• Chengde Medical College (承德医学院)
• Handan College (邯郸学院)
• Hebei Agricultural University (河北农业大学)
• Hebei Engineering University (河北工程大学)
• Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering (河北建筑工程学院)
• Hebei Medical University (河北医科大学)
• Hebei Normal University (河北师范大学)
• Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (河北科技师范学院)
• Hebei North University (河北北方学院)
• Hebei Physical Educational Institute (河北体育学院)
• Hebei Polytechnic University (河北理工大学)
• Hebei University (河北大学)
• Hebei University of Economics and Business (河北经贸大学)
• Hebei University of Technology (河北工业大学)
• Hebei University of Science and Technology (河北科技大学)
• Hengshui University (衡水学院)
• Langfang Teacher's College (廊坊师范学院)
• North China Coal Medical College (华北煤炭医学院)
• Shijiazhuang College (石家庄学院)
• Shijiazhuang Railway Institute (石家庄铁道学院)
• Shijiazhuang University of Economics (石家庄经济学院)
• Tangshan College (唐山学院)
• Tangshan Teacher's College (唐山师范学院)
• Xingtai University (邢台学院)
• Yanshan University (燕山大学)

Footnotes

External links

• Hebei Government website
• Hebei travel guide from Wikitravel

See also

• List of laojiaos in Hebei

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. This is a list of Laojiaos within Hebei province of the People's Republic of China.

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
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