| ICD-10 | R12. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 787.1 |
- This article is about the medical condition. A symptom' (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident misfortune that which befalls" from συμπίπτω, "I befall" from A Sign is an indication of some fact or quality and a medical sign is an objective indication of some medical fact or quality that is detected by a Physician The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings R00-R69 - Symptoms and Signs (R00-R09 Circulatory and Respiratory systems ( Abnormalities of Heart beat The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. For the film see Heartburn (film). Heartburn is a 1986 American Drama film directed by Mike Nichols.
Heartburn or pyrosis is a painful or burning sensation in the esophagus, just below the breastbone usually associated with regurgitation of gastric acid. The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in The sternum (from Greek στέρνον sternon, "chest" or breastbone) is a long flat Bone located in the center of the thorax (chest [1] The pain often rises in the chest and may radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the jaw. The chest is a part of the Anatomy of humans and various other animals sometimes referred to as the Thorax. The neck is the part of the Body on many limbed Vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the Torso or trunk In Anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the Neck, in front of the vertebral column. The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming or near the entrance to the Mouth. Heartburn is also identified as one of the causes of chronic cough, and may even mimic asthma. In Medicine, a cough ( Latin: tussis) is a sudden and often repetitively occurring defence Reflex which helps to clear the large breathing passages Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are Despite its name, heartburn actually has nothing to do with the heart. It is so called because of a burning sensation of the breastbone where the heart is located although some heart problems do have a similar sensation to heartburn. Compounding the confusion is the fact that hydrochloric acid from the stomach comes back up the esophagus because of a problem with the cardiac sphincter, a valve which misleadingly contains the word "cardiac" (an adjective referring to the heart) in its name. Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water The cardia (also known as Z-line or esophagogastric junction or gastroesophageal junction) is the anatomical term for the junction orifice of
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Diagnosis
Biochemical
- Ambulatory pH Monitoring
- A probe can be placed via the nose into the esophagus to record the level of acidity in the lower esophagus. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are Because some degree of variation in acidity is normal, and small reflux events are relatively common, such monitors must be left in place for at least a 24-hour period to confirm the diagnosis of GERD. The test is particularly useful when the patient's symptoms can be correlated to episodes of increased esophageal acidity.
- Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Series
- A series of x-rays of the upper digestive system are taken after drinking a barium solution. Barium (ˈbɛəriəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol Ba, and Atomic number 56 These can demonstrate reflux of barium into the esophagus, which suggests the possibility of gastroesophageal reflux disease. More accurately, fluoroscopy can be used to document reflux in real-time. Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique commonly used by Physicians to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of a patient through the use of a fluoroscope
Mechanical
- Manometry
- In this test, a pressure sensor (manometer) is passed through the mouth into the esophagus and measures the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter directly. An esophageal motility study (EMS or esophageal manometry is a study performed to evaluate the pressure of the Esophagus in various stages along its length
- Endoscopy
- The esophageal mucosa can be visualized directly by passing a thin, lighted tube with a tiny camera attached (an endoscope) through the mouth to examine the esophagus and stomach. Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. In this way, evidence of esophageal inflammation can be detected, and biopsies taken if necessary. Since an endoscopy allows a doctor to visually inspect the upper digestive track the procedure may help identify any additional damage to the tract that may not have been detected otherwise.
- Biopsy
- A small sample of tissue from the esophagus is removed. A biopsy (in Greek: βίος life and όψη look/appearance is a Medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues It is then studied to check for inflammation, cancer, or other problems.
Prevention
If heartburn occurs when lying down, raising the head of the bed, or raising the upper body with pillows or sleeping sitting up frequently provides relief. Avoid pillows that raise the head only, as this does little for heartburn and places continuous strain on the neck. To minimize attacks, a sufferer may find benefit in avoidance of certain foods that relax the opening between the stomach and esophagus, such as chocolate, peppermint, and chamomile tea shortly before bedtime. Tight clothing, specifically around the abdomen can increase the risk for heartburn because it puts pressure on the stomach which can cause the food and acids in the stomach to reflux to the LES.
Treatment
Medications
Antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, alginates and proton pump inhibitors are used to treat heartburn. An antacid is any substance generally a base or Basic salt, which counteracts stomach acidity. The H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA often shortened to H2 antagonist) are a class of drugs used to block the action of Histamine Alginic acid ( algin, alginate) is a viscous gum that is abundant in the cell walls of Brown algae. Proton pump inhibitors (or "PPI"s are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of Gastric acid production
Antacids
Antacids work by neutralizing excess stomach acid. So although stomach acid will still splash up into the esophagus (acid reflux) the stomach acid will be neutralized and therefore will lead to lesser or no heartburn symptoms (the burning feeling). Antacids provide fast relief of symptoms, but relief typically lasts for just 30-60 minutes.
Sodium bicarbonate
A simple and relatively harmless way to treat a one-off heartburn is to drink a solution of a small amount of Sodium bicarbonate mixed with water, which quickly neutralizes the acid that causes the pain. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Excess sodium intake, however, is thought to raise blood pressure and cause other health problems. Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22
H2-receptor antagonists
Often called H2 Blockers, H2-receptor antagonists work by decreasing the amount of acid the body releases into the stomach. H2s are systemic, meaning they require absorption into the bloodstream in order to work. Therefore, H2s can often take 30 minutes or longer before they start working, and therefore are often taken to prevent heartburn rather than for fast relief of symptoms.
Alginates
Alginates work differently than antacids and H2 Blockers, by forming a protective barrier in the stomach that prevents stomach acid from refluxing back up into the esophagus. Alginic acid ( algin, alginate) is a viscous gum that is abundant in the cell walls of Brown algae. Alginic acid is naturally derived (from brown seaweed) and is non-systemic. Alginates provide faster relief than H2-receptor antagonists and PPIs and longer-lasting relief than antacids.
Proton-pump inhibitors
Proton pump inhibitors, called PPIs, are a class of medications which can be effective for people who do not respond to antacid or acid blockers. Proton pump inhibitors (or "PPI"s are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of Gastric acid production Proton-pump inhibitors are systemic and directly block acid production in the stomach cells. In order to prevent heartburn the medication disfigures and disables the proteins (proton pumps) that control the pH of the stomach, allowing the body to digest them. Proton-pump inhibitors are not fast-acting, but provide long-lasting relief. PPIs are intended to be short-term medications only.
Restricting diet
Restricting diet is very important, since 90-95% of sufferers of heartburn or esophageal disorder can link their symptoms to specific foods. Therefore, it is important that heartburn sufferers manage their diets as a way to treat their heartburn. Sufferers should choose the kinds of foods and drinks which have little risk of causing acid reflux, while some kinds of foods or drinks should be avoided as they are major heartburn triggers. Specifically, it has been shown that fatty foods and caffeinated beverages can cause the symptoms of heartburn.
See also
References
Controlled Carbohydrate Diet 1. Acid indigestion is a type of Indigestion involving an excess of Hydrochloric acid in the Stomach. Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( American English and Canadian English) or Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( British English, Hiberno-English [1] 2. [2]
External links
- National Heartburn Alliance
- Heartburn and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Primer
- Indigestion analysis
Dictionary
heartburn
-noun
- (pathology) A burning pain in the chest that is caused by stomach acid entering the gullet.
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