| Heart disease Classification and external resources |
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Heart disease is an umbrella term for a number of different diseases affecting the heart. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books An umbrella term is a word that provides a Superset or grouping of related concepts also called a Hypernym. The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic As of 2007, it is the leading cause of death in the United States,[1][2] England, Canada and Wales,[3] killing one person every 34 seconds in the United States alone. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page [4]
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Types of heart disease
Coronary heart disease
Over 451,000 Americans die of coronary heart disease every year[5]. Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding In the United Kingdom, 101,000 deaths annually are due to coronary heart disease[6]. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Coronary artery disease is a disease of the artery caused by the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium. In Pathology, an atheroma (plural atheromata is an accumulation and swelling (-oma in Artery walls that is made up of cells (mostly Macrophage cells Angina pectoris (chest pain) and myocardial infarction (heart attack) are symptoms of and conditions caused by coronary heart disease. Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is severe Chest pain due to Ischemia (a lack of blood and hence Oxygen supply of the heart Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease" (Myo= muscle, pathy= disease) It is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i. Cardiomyopathy, which literally means "heart muscle disease" is the deterioration of the function of the Myocardium (i Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the Heart. Relationship to other layers The other tissues of the heart are the Endocardium e. , the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death. Dysrhythmia redirects here For the American band see Dysrhythmia (band. The term sudden cardiac death refers to Natural death from cardiac causes heralded by abrupt loss of Consciousness within one hour of the onset of acute symptoms
- Extrinsic cardiomyopathies - cardiomyopathies where the primary pathology is outside the myocardium itself. Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and Most cardiomyopathies are extrinsic, because by far the most common cause of a cardiomyopathy is ischemia. In Medicine, ischemia ( Greek ισχαιμία, isch- is restriction hema or haema is Blood) is a restriction The World Health Organization calls these specific cardiomyopathies:
- Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- Coronary artery disease
- Congenital heart disease - see below
- Nutritional diseases affecting the heart
- Ischemic (or ischaemic) cardiomyopathy
- Hypertensive cardiomyopathy
- Valvular cardiomyopathy - see also Valvular heart disease below
- Inflammatory cardiomyopathy - see also Inflammatory heart disease below
- Cardiomyopathy secondary to a systemic metabolic disease
- Intrinsic cardiomyopathies - weakness in the muscle of the heart that is not due to an identifiable external cause. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is a disease in which the chronic long-term abuse of Alcohol leads to Heart failure. Coronary artery disease (CAD (or atherosclerotic Heart disease) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls A congenital heart defect (CHD is a defect in the structure of the Heart and Great vessels of a Newborn. Cardiomyopathy, which literally means "heart muscle disease" is the deterioration of the function of the Myocardium (i Hypertensive heart disease is any of a number of complications of arterial Hypertension that affects the Heart.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) - most common form, and one of the leading indications for heart transplantation. Dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM, also known as congestive cardiomyopathy, is a condition in which the Heart becomes weakened and enlarged and cannot pump Heart transplantation or cardiac transplantation, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage Heart failure or severe Coronary In DCM the heart (especially the left ventricle) is enlarged and the pumping function is diminished. The left ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles in the Human Heart.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM or HOCM) - genetic disorder caused by various mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the Myocardium (the Muscle of the Heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is A genetic disorder is a condition caused by abnormalities in Genes or Chromosomes While some diseases such as Cancer, are due to genetic abnormalities acquired In biology mutations are changes to the Nucleotide sequence of the Genetic material of an organism "A-band" redirects here For other uses of the term see A band. In HCM the heart muscle is thickened, which can obstruct blood flow and prevent the heart from functioning properly.
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) - arises from an electrical disturbance of the heart in which heart muscle is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia ( ARVD, also known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or ARVC) is a type of nonischemic Cardiomyopathy The right ventricle is generally most affected. The right ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles in the Human Heart.
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) - least common cardiomyopathy. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM is the least common Cardiomyopathy. The walls of the ventricles are stiff, but may not be thickened, and resist the normal filling of the heart with blood. ** Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy - the left ventricle wall has failed to properly grow from birth and such has a spongy appearance when viewed during an echocardiogram. Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCsometimes known as "spongiform cardiomyopathy" is a rare congenital Cardiomyopathy that affects both children and adults
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease is any of a number of specific diseases that affect the heart itself and/or the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular diseases refers to the class of diseases that involve the Heart or Blood vessels ( arteries and Research on disease dimorphism suggests that women who suffer with cardiovascular disease usually suffer from forms that affect the blood vessels while men usually suffer from forms that affect the heart muscle itself. Known or associated causes of cardiovascular disease include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated Hyperhomocysteinemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally large level of Homocysteine in the Blood. Hypercholesterolemia (literally high blood cholesterol is the presence of high levels of Cholesterol in the blood.
Types of cardiovascular disease include:
Ischaemic heart disease
- Ischaemic heart disease - another disease of the heart itself, characterized by reduced blood supply to the organ. Atherosclerosis is a Disease affecting arterial Blood vessels It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries in large part due to the accumulation Ischaemic or ischemic heart disease (IHD or myocardial ischaemia, is a Disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle
Heart failure
Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure (or CHF), and congestive cardiac failure (CCF), is a condition that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products
- Cor pulmonale, a failure of the right side of the heart. Cor pulmonale is a change in structure and function of the Right ventricle of the heart as a result of a respiratory disorder
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease is heart disease caused by high blood pressure, especially localised high blood pressure. Hypertensive heart disease is any of a number of complications of arterial Hypertension that affects the Heart. Conditions that can be caused by hypertensive heart disease include:
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Coronary heart disease
- (Congestive) heart failure
- Hypertensive cardiomyopathy
- Cardiac arrhythmias
Inflammatory heart disease
Inflammatory heart disease involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it. Left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH) is the thickening of the Myocardium (muscle of the Left ventricle of the Heart. Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply Hypertensive heart disease is any of a number of complications of arterial Hypertension that affects the Heart. Dysrhythmia redirects here For the American band see Dysrhythmia (band.
- Endocarditis - inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. Endocarditis is an Inflammation of the inner layer of the Heart, the Endocardium. Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart The most common structures involved are the heart valves. In Anatomy, the heart valves are Valves in the Heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood by opening and closing depending on the difference
- Inflammatory cardiomegaly
- Myocarditis - inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart. Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens Cardiomegaly is a medical condition wherein the Heart is enlarged In Medicine ( Cardiology) myocarditis is Inflammation of the Myocardium, the muscular part of the Heart. Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the Heart. Relationship to other layers The other tissues of the heart are the Endocardium
Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more valves of the heart. Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more of the valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary In Anatomy, the heart valves are Valves in the Heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood by opening and closing depending on the difference The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic The valves in the right side of the heart are the tricuspid valve and the pulmonic valve. The tricuspid valve (also known as the right atrioventricular valve) is on the right side of the heart between the Right atrium and the Right ventricle The pulmonary valve, is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the Right ventricle and the Pulmonary artery and has three cusps The valves in the left side of the heart are the mitral valve and the aortic valve. The miter valve (also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve) is a dual flap (bi = 2 valve in the Heart that lies between
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Valvular cardiomyopathy
See also
- Aneurysm
- Aortic aneurysm
- Diet and heart disease
- Endothelium-derived relaxing factor
- High blood pressure (Hypertension)
- Thrombosis
References
- ^ Division of Vital Statistics; Arialdi M. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP is a Valvular heart disease characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened Mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium An aneurysm (or aneurism) is a localized blood-filled dilation (balloon-like bulge of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall Diet is a significant contributing factor to the presence (or lack thereof of Heart disease, an umbrella term describing many heart ailments This article is about the biological functions of Nitric oxide. Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated Thrombosis is the formation of a blood Clot ( Thrombus) inside a Blood vessel, obstructing the flow of Blood through the Circulatory Miniño, M. P. H. , Melonie P. Heron, Ph. D. , Sherry L. Murphy, B. S. , Kenneth D. Kochanek, M. A. (2007-08-21). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. "Deaths: Final data for 2004" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports 55 (19): 7. United States: Center for Disease Control.
- ^ White House News, American Heart Month, 2007, <http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/02/20070201-2.html>. Retrieved on 16 July 2007
- ^ National Statistics Press Release 25th May 2006
- ^ Hitti, Miranda. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Heart Disease Kills Every 34 Seconds in U.S.", Fox News - WebMD, 2004-12-07. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Retrieved on 2007-12-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ American Heart Association:And if they didnt smoke that number would be way way way down!?! Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2008 Update. AHA, Dallas, Texas, 2008
- ^ British Heart Statistics report
External links
- VIDEO - Heart Disease in the Female Population: Prevalence, Presentation and Pathophysiology, Mary Zasadil, MD, speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (2007)
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada - Information Resource on Heart Disease
- British Heart Foundation
- VIDEO - What is Heart Disease?
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