A headstone, tombstone or gravestone is a permanent marker, normally carved from stone, placed over or next to the site of a burial in a cemetery or elsewhere. Edison Township (usually known as Edison) is a township in Middlesex County New Jersey, United States. Farmingdale is a village in Nassau County, New York in the United States. In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere Burial, also called interment and inhumation, is the act of placing a person or object into the ground A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried.
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Use
The stele, as they are called in an archaeological context, is one of the oldest forms of funerary art. A stele (from Greek:, stēlē, ˈstiːli plural stelae,, stēlai, ˈstiːlaɪ also found Latinised singular stela Funerary art is any work of Art forming or placed in a repository for the remains of the dead. Originally, a tombstone was the stone lid of a stone coffin, or the coffin itself, and a gravestone was the stone slab that was laid over a grave. A coffin (also known as a casket in North American English) is a funerary Box used in the display and containment of deceased remains – either for A grave is a place where a dead body (usually a human although sometimes an animal is buried Now all three terms are also used for markers placed at the head of the grave. Originally graves in the 1700s also contained footstones to demarcate the foot end of the grave. Footstones were rarely carved with more than the deceased's initials and year of death, and many cemeteries and churchyards have removed them to make cutting the grass easier. A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. A churchyard is a patch of land adjoining or surrounding a church which is usually owned by the relevant church or local Parish itself Note however that in many UK cemeteries the principal, and indeed only, marker is placed at the foot of the grave.
Graves and any related memorials are a focus for mourning and remembrance. Mourning is in the simplest sense synonymous with Grief over the Death of someone The names of relatives are often added to a gravestone over the years, so that one marker may chronicle the passing of an entire family spread over decades. Since gravestones and a plot in a cemetery or churchyard cost money, they are also a symbol of wealth or prominence in a community. Some gravestones were even commissioned and erected to their own memory by people who were still living, as a testament to their wealth and status. In a Christian context, the very wealthy often erected elaborate memorials within churches rather than having simply external gravestones. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings A church monument is an architectural or sculptural Memorial to a dead person or persons located within a Christian church
Crematoria frequently offer similar alternatives for families who do not have a grave to mark, but who want a focus for their mourning and for remembrance. Cremation is the act of reducing a Corpse by burning, generally in a crematorium furnace or crematory fire A memorial is an object which serves as a memory of something usually a person (who has died or an event Carved or cast commemorative plaques inside the crematorium for example may serve this purpose. A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate of metal ceramic stone wood or other material typically attached to a wall stone or other vertical surface and bearing
Materials
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Most types of building materials have been used at some time as markers. Radimlja is a Stećak Necropolis located in Stolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Stolac is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the southern part of Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan For other kinds of building materials see Hardware, Biology, Star formation. The more usual materials include:
- Fieldstones. The earliest markers for graves were natural fieldstone, some unmarked and others decorated or incised using a metal awl. Fieldstone is a Building construction material Strictly speaking it is stone collected from the surface of fields where it occurs naturally Typical motifs for the carving included a symbol and the deceased's name and age.
- Granite. Granite is a hard stone and traditionally has required great skill to carve by hand. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Modern methods of carving include using computer-controlled rotary bits and sandblasting over a rubber stencil. Sandblasting or Bead blasting is a generic term for the process of smoothing shaping and cleaning a hard surface by forcing solid particles across that surface at high speeds Leaving the letters, numbers and emblems exposed on the stone, the blaster can create virtually any kind of artwork or epitaph.
- Iron. Iron grave markers and decorations were popular during the Victorian era in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, often being produced by specialist foundries or the local blacksmith. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A foundry is a Factory which produces Metal Castings from either Ferrous or non-ferrous alloys blacksmith is a person who creates objects from Iron or Steel by Forging the Metal; i Many cast iron headstones have lasted for generations while wrought ironwork often only survives in a rusted or eroded state.
- Marble and limestone. Both limestone and marble take carving well. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Marble is a recrystallised form of limestone. Both marble and limestone slowly dissolve when exposed to the mild acid in rainwater which can make inscriptions unreadable over time. Marble replaced sandstone as a popular material from the early 1800s. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of
- Sandstone. Sandstone is durable yet soft enough to carve easily. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Some sandstone markers are so well preserved that individual chisel marks can be discerned in the carving, while others have delaminated and crumbled into dust. This article is about structural materials For delamination in embryology see Embryogenesis. Delamination occurs when moisture gets between the layers that make up the sandstone. As it freezes and expands the layers flake off. In the 1600s sandstone replaced fieldstones in Colonial America. The term colonial history of the United States refers to the history of the land that would become the United States from the start of European settlement to the time of independence
- Slate. Slate can have a pleasing texture but is slightly porous and prone to delamination. Slate is a fine-grained foliated homogeneous, Metamorphic rock derived from an original Shale -type Sedimentary rock composed of Clay It takes lettering well, often highlighted with white paint or gilding. Gilding is the art of applying a thin layer of gold simulated gold or other metal to a surface
- White Bronze. Actually sand cast zinc, but called white bronze for marketing purposes. Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Almost all, if not all, zinc grave markers were made by the Monumental Bronze Company of Bridgeport, CT, between 1874 and 1914. They are in cemeteries of the period all across the U. S. and Canada. They were sold as more durable than marble, about 1/3 less expensive and progressive.
- Wood. This was a popular material during the Georgian and Victorian era, and almost certainly before, in Great Britain and elsewhere. The arts Especially during the mid-18th century the period was marked by cultural vibrancy with the establishment of the British Museum in 1753 and the contributions Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Some could be very ornate, although few survive beyond 50-100 years due to natural decomposition.
- Planting. Trees or shrubs, particularly roses, may be planted, especially to mark the location of ashes. This may be accompanied by a small inscribed metal or wooden marker.
A cemetery may follow national codes of practice or independently prescribe the size and use of certain materials, especially if in a conservation area. A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. Some may limit the placing of a wooden memorial to 6 months after burial, after which a more permanent memorial should be placed. Others may require stones to be of a certain shape or position to facilitate grass-cutting by machines, or hand-held cutters. Cemeteries require regular inspection and maintenance, as stones may settle, topple and, on rare occasions, fall and injure people [1]; or graves may simply become overgrown and their markers lost or vandalised. Vandalism is the behaviour attributed to the Vandals in respect of Culture: ruthless Destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or Venerable Restoration is a specialised job for a monumental mason; even the removal of overgrowth needs care to avoid damaging the carving. For example, ivy should only be cut at the base roots and left to naturally die off, and never pulled off forcefully.
Inscriptions
Markers usually bear inscriptions: epitaphs in praise of the deceased or quotations from religious texts. St Giles Church is the sole church in the Village of Wormshill in Kent. Wormshill ( wurmz-HILL) is a small Village and Civil parish within the Borough of Maidstone, Kent, England See also Chronogram Epitaph Behistun Inscription An epitaph (in Greek, &mdash literally " on the gravestone " is a short text honoring a deceased person strictly speaking that inscribed on In a few instances the inscription is in the form of a plea, admonishment, testament of faith, claim to fame or even a curse — William Shakespeare's inscription famously declares;
- Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbear,
- To dig the dust enclosèd here. William Shakespeare ( baptised
- Blest be the man that spares these stones,
- And cursed be he that moves my bones.
Or a warning about Mortality, such as this Persian poetry carved on an ancient tombstone in the Tajiki capital of Dushanbe. Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Tajik language, or Tajik Persian, or Tajiki, (sometimes written Tadjik or Tadzhik; тоҷикӣ, tg-Latn ''tojikí'') is a modern Dushanbe (Душанбе Dushanbe; formerly Dyushambe or Stalinabad) population 661100 people (2006 census is the Capital and largest city [2] [3]
- I heard that mighty Jamshed the King
- Carved on a stone near a spring of water these words:
-
- "Many – like us – sat here by this spring
-
- And left this life in the blink of an eye.
-
- We captured the whole world through our courage and strength,
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- Yet could take nothing with us to our grave. "
The basic information on the headstone generally includes the name of the deceased and their date of birth and death. Such information can be useful to genealogists and local historians. Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of Local history is the study of History in a geographically local context Larger cemeteries may require a discrete reference code as well to help accurately fix the location for maintenance. The cemetery owner, church, or, as in the UK, national guidelines might encourage the use of 'tasteful' and accurate wording in inscriptions. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Headstone engravers faced their own "Year 2000 problem" when still-living people, as many as 500,000 the United States alone, pre-purchased headstones with pre-carved death dates beginning 19–. The Year 2000 problem (also known as the Y2K problem, the millennium bug, the Y2K bug, or simply Y2K) was a notable Computer bug resulting [4]
Bas-relief carvings of a religious nature or of a profile of the deceased can be seen on headstones dating from before the 1800s. A bas-relief (baʁəljɛf in French; French for "low relief" derived from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a Sculpture Since the invention of photography, a gravestone might include a framed photograph or cameo of the deceased; photographic images or artwork (showing the loved one, or some other image relevant to their life, interests or achievements) are sometimes now engraved onto smooth stone surfaces. A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an Image created by Light falling on a light-sensitive surface usually Photographic film or an electronic For the "brief appearance" see Cameo appearance. For the "chemical emergency software" see Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it
Some headstones use lettering made of white metal fixed into the stone, which is easy to read but can be damaged by ivy or frost. Deep carvings on a hard-wearing stone may weather many centuries exposed in graveyards and still remain legible. Those which are fixed on the inside of churches, on the walls or on the floor (frequently as near to the altar as possible) may last much longer: such memorials were often embellished with a monumental brass. A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate of metal ceramic stone wood or other material typically attached to a wall stone or other vertical surface and bearing A ledger or lieger (from the English dialect forms liggen or leggen, to lie or lay in sense adapted from the Dutch substantive An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place Monumental brass is a species of engraved sepulchral memorial which in the early part of the 13th century began to partially take the place of three-dimensional monuments
Marker inscriptions have also been used for political purposes, such as the grave marker installed in January 2008 at Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky by Mathew Prescott, an employee of PETA. Cave Hill Cemetery is a Victorian era National Cemetery and Arboretum located at 701 Baxter Avenue Louisville Kentucky. The grave marker is located near the grave of KFC founder Harlan Sanders and bears the acrostic message “KFC tortures birds. Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of Fast food restaurants based in Louisville Kentucky. Harland David Sanders, better known as Colonel Sanders ( September 9, 1890 &ndash December 16, 1980) was an American entrepreneur ” [5] The group placed its grave marker to promote its contention that KFC is cruel to chickens.
Form and decoration
Gravestones may be simple upright slabs with semi-circular, rounded, gabled, pointed-arched, pedimental, square or other shaped tops. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Prenzlauer Berg is a former borough of Berlin situated in the eastern part of the city During the 18th century, they were often decorated with memento mori (symbolic reminders of death) such as skulls or winged skulls (called "death's heads"), winged cherub heads, heavenly crowns, urns or the picks and shovels of the grave digger. Memento mori is a Latin phrase that may be translated as "Remember that you are mortal" "Remember you will die" "Remember that you must Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Skull symbolism is the attachment of symbolic meaning to the human Skull. Somewhat unusual were more elaborate allegorical figures, such as Old Father Time, or emblems of trade or status, or even some event from the life of the deceased (particularly how they died). Allegorical sculpture refers to sculptures that symbolize and particularly personify abstract ideas Father Time (known as Pakiž in some countries is a Personification of Time. An emblem is a pictorial Image, abstract or representational that epitomizes a Concept — e Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. In Sociology or Anthropology, social status is the honor or prestige attached to one's position in Society (one's Social position) Later in the same century, large tomb chests or smaller coped chests were commonly used by the gentry as a means of commemorating a number of members of the same family. Gentry generally refers to people of high Social class, especially in the past In the 19th century, headstone styles became very diverse, ranging from plain to highly decorated. They might be replaced by more elaborately carved markers, such as crosses or angels. A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half An angel is a Spiritual Supernatural being found in many Religions Although the nature of angels and the tasks given to them vary from tradition to tradition Simple curb surrounds, sometimes filled with glass chippings, were popular during the mid-20th century.
Some form of simple decoration is once more popular. Special emblems on tombstones indicate several familiar themes in many faiths. Some examples are:
- Anchor - Steadfast hope
- Arch - Rejoined with partner in Heaven
- Birds - The soul
- Cherub - Divine wisdom or justice
- Column - Noble life
- Broken column - Early death
- Conch shell - Wisdom
- Cross, anchor and Bible - Trials, victory and reward
- Crown - Reward and glory
- Dolphin - Salvation, bearer of souls to Heaven
- Dove - Purity, love and Holy Spirit
- Evergreen - Eternal life
- Garland - Victory over death
- Gourds - Deliverance from grief
- Hands - A relation or partnership (see Reference 3)
- Heart - Devotion
- Horseshoe - Protection against evil
- Hourglass - Time and its swift flight
- Ivy - Faithfulness, memory, and undying friendship
- Lamb - Innocence
- Laurel - Victory
- Lily - Purity and resurrection
- Mermaid - Dualism of Christ - fully God, fully man
- Oak - Strength
- Olive branch - Forgiveness, and peace
- Palms - Martyrdom, or victory over death
- Peacock - Eternal life
- Poppy - Eternal sleep
- Rooster - Awakening, courage and vigilance
- Shell - Birth and resurrection
- Star of David - The God
- Skeleton - Life's brevity
- Snake in a circle - Everlasting life in Heaven
- Swallow - Motherhood
- Broken sword - Life cut short
- Crossed swords - Life lost in battle
- Torch - Eternal life if upturned, death if extinguished
- Tree trunk - The beauty of life
- Triangle - Truth, equality and the trinity
- Shattered urn - Old age, mourning if draped
- Weeping willow - Mourning, grief
Greek letters might also be used:
- αω (alpha and omega) - The beginning and the end
- χρ (chi rho) - The first letters spelling the name of Christ
- IHS - Stylised version of iota-eta-sigma, a Greek abbreviation of Jesus
Image Gallery
 Headstones in the Japanese Cemetery in Broome, Western Australia |
 A cemetery in rural Spain |
 A typical late 20th century headstone in the United States |
 Headstone in an English cemetery |
 19th century marble headstone in an Iowa, USA cemetery |
 18th century Biedermeier-Headstone from the St. Marx cemetery, Vienna, Austria |
 German POW |
 The grave marker for Horatio Nelson Ball and his father, Joseph Ball, Jr. An anchor is an object often made out of metal that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a body of water at a specific point An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight (e Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living CHERUB is a series of young adult books written by the author Robert Muchamore. Wisdom is a concept of personal gaining of Knowledge, Understanding, Experience, discretion and intuitive understanding, along with a capacity JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. A column in Structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural A column in Structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific A conch (pronounced in the USA as "konk" or "konch" ˈkɒŋk or /ˈkɒntʃ/ is one of a number of different Species Wisdom is a concept of personal gaining of Knowledge, Understanding, Experience, discretion and intuitive understanding, along with a capacity A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half An anchor is an object often made out of metal that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a body of water at a specific point Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin A crown is the traditional Symbolic form of Headgear worn by a Monarch or by a Deity, for whom the crown traditionally represents power Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round This article refers to the Dried fruit shell For the alternative country musical group of a similar name see The Gourds. The hands ( med / lat: manus pl manūs are the two intricate prehensile multi- Fingered body parts normally located at the end of each arm of a The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials nailed or glued to the Hooves of Horses and some other Draught Evil, in many cultures is used to describe acts or thoughts which are contrary to some particular religion An hourglass, also known as a sandglass, sand timer or sand clock, is a device for the measurement of Time. Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping Evergreen woody plants in the family Innocence is a term used to indicate a state of moral purity or general lack of Guilt, with respect to any kind of Crime, Sin, or wrongdoing The Bay Laurel ( Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae) also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, or This article concerns itself with Jesus Christ Christian, Islamic and other religious interpretations of resurrection in general A mermaid is a Mythological aquatic creature that is half human half aquatic creature (e Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. A man is a Male Human. The term man (irregular plural The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin The olive branch is a Branch of an Olive tree In Western culture, derived from the customs of Ancient Greece, it symbolizes peace or goodwill Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom The term peafowl refers to Gallinaceous Birds classified within the genera Rheinardia Argusianus Afropavoand Pavo A poppy is any of a number of showy Flowers typically withone per stem, belonging to the poppy family. A rooster (also called a cock or chanticleer) is a male Chicken ( Gallus gallus) the female being called a Hen. Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a Human Pregnancy or This article concerns itself with Jesus Christ Christian, Islamic and other religious interpretations of resurrection in general The Star of David or Shield of David ( Magen David in Hebrew with nikkud or מגן דוד without academically transcribed Māḡēn Dāwīḏ by God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. In Biology, the skeleton is a strong and often a rigid framework that supports the body of an animal holding it upright and giving it shape and strength (Also skeletal A snake is an elongate Reptile of the suborder Serpentes Like all reptiles snakes are covered in scales. The swallows and martins are a group of Passerine Birds in the family Hirundinidae which are characterised by their adaptation to aerial "Mom" "Mum" and "Mommy" redirect here Originally a torch was a portable source of Fire used as a source of light usually a rod-shaped piece of wood with a rag soaked in pitch and/or some other A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or A triangle is one of the basic Shapes of Geometry: a Polygon with three corners or vertices and three sides or edges which are Line Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных An urn is a Vase, ordinarily covered and without handles that usually has a narrowed neck above a footed Pedestal. Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Mourning is in the simplest sense synonymous with Grief over the Death of someone Alpha (uppercase Α, lowercase α; Αλφα is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. OMEGA is the premier Counter-terrorism unit of Latvia. Founded in 1992 OMEGA cooperates with many other counter-terrorism units over the world Chi ( Uppercase Χ, Lowercase χ; Χι He is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, pronounced as in English Rho (uppercase Ρ, lowercase ρ or ϱ) is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet. Iota (uppercase &Iota, lowercase ι Ιώτα Yota is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. Eta (uppercase &Eta, lowercase η Ήτα) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet. Sigma (upper case Σ, lower case σ; Greek Σιγμα lower case in word-final position ς) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek For other places and usages see Broome. Broome is a pearling and tourist town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 2200 km north St Marx Cemetery ( Sankt Marxer Friedhof) is a Cemetery in the Landstraße district of Vienna, used from 1784 until 1874 Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich in the Grandville Cemetery, MI, USA. |
 The grave of the Bristol slave known as Scipio Africanus has both head and foot stones. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Scipio Africanus (1702 &ndash 21 December 1720 was a slave born to unknown parents from West Africa. It has been restored to its original painted state |
 Headstone for a dog at Tatton Park, Cheshire, UK. Tatton Park is a historic estate in Cheshire, England to the north of the town of Knutsford. Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located |
 A grave marker in Douglas County, Kansas, USA, made to resemble a millstone. Douglas County (county code DG) is located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Millstones or mill stones are used in Windmills and Watermills including Tide mills for grinding Wheat or other grains |
 The Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague, Czech Republic. The Old Jewish Cemetery lies in the Josefov (the Jewish Quarter of Prague) Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. |
 Muslim Tatars of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast use peculiarly shaped wooden posts as grave markers |
 A 19th century gravestone in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, erected in memory of an Irishman born shortly before The Great Hunger |
 The 1777 gravestone of Col. John Hart at the North Cemetery in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA. Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Нижегоро́дская о́бласть Nizhegorodskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar This article is about an area of Boston, Massachusetts. There are several other places named Forest Hills in the United States and elsewhere The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common John Hart (1706-1777 was a militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War from the Province of New Hampshire. Portsmouth is a City in Rockingham County, New Hampshire in the United States. |
See also
External links
- In Search Of Gravestones Old And Curious by W. A mausoleum ( plural: mausolea is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons A stele (from Greek:, stēlē, ˈstiːli plural stelae,, stēlai, ˈstiːlaɪ also found Latinised singular stela A sarcophagus is a Funeral receptacle for a Corpse, most commonly carved or cut from stone The Scottish or Lowland Scottish gravestone is unique to the north of the British Isles. Stećak ( pronounced:) is common name for Medieval Tombstones in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia T. (William Thomas) Vincent, 1896, from Project Gutenberg
- World Burial Index Selection of photographs of interesting memorial inscriptions plus free surname search
- A Very Grave Matter old New England gravestones
- Historic Headstones Online Project to photograph and transcribe content from Historic Headstones
- Pennsylvania German Tombstones
- Gravestone Symbols from Spirited Ghost Hunting
- Old Headstones and Tombs displays a scattergram of the distribution of hands sculptures on headstones, and some remarkable and unique tombstones
- The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey includes gravestone imagery in the state of New Jersey
References
Dictionary
headstone
-noun
- A gravestone, a grave marker: a monument traditionally made of stone placed at the head of a grave.
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