Hayao Miyazaki
A portrait of Hayao Miyazaki.
Born	January 5, 1941 (1941-01-05) (age 67) Tokyo, Japan
Occupation	Film director, screenwriter and character designer
Spouse(s)	Akemi Ôta

Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿, Miyazaki Hayao^?, born January 5, 1941 in Tokyo, Japan) is a prominent director of many popular animated feature films. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. He is also the co-founder of Studio Ghibli, an animation studio and production company. is a Japanese Animation Film studio, and previously was a subsidiary of Tokuma Shoten.

He remained largely unknown to the West, outside of animation communities, until Miramax released his 1997 Princess Mononoke. is a 1997 Japanese Anime film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli. By that time, his films had already enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan and Central Asia. For instance, Princess Mononoke was the highest-grossing film of all time in Japan. His later film, Spirited Away, had that distinction as well, and was the first anime film to win an Academy Award. is a 2001 film by the Japanese Anime studio Studio Ghibli, written and directed by famed animator Hayao Miyazaki. (anime in Japanese, "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Howl's Moving Castle was also nominated but did not receive the award. is a 2004 Japanese animated Steampunk Fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli and based on Diana

Miyazaki's films often incorporate common themes, such as humanity's relationship to nature and technology, and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic. Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. The protagonists of his films are often strong, independent girls or young women; the villains, when present, are often morally ambiguous characters with redeeming qualities.

Miyazaki's films have generally been financially successful, and this success has invited comparisons with American animator Walt Disney. Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter However, Miyazaki does not see himself as a person building an animation empire, but as an animator fortunate enough to have been able to make films with complete creative control. In 2006, Time Magazine voted Miyazaki one of the most influential Asians of the past 60 years. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular ^[1]

Anime directed by Miyazaki that have won the Animage Anime Grand Prix award have been Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind in 1984, Castle in the Sky in 1986, My Neighbor Totoro in 1988, and Kiki's Delivery Service in 1989. is a Japanese Anime and entertainment magazine which Tokuma Shoten began publishing in July 1978. is a 1984 film by Japanese Writer, Illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his Manga of the same (re-titled Castle in the Sky for release in the United States) is a Film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, released in 1986 is a 1988 Japanese anime film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and produced by Studio Ghibli. is the fifth Studio Ghibli anime film, produced written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki in 1989.

Biography

Totoro, Satsuki, and Mei in My Neighbor Totoro.

Miyazaki, the second of four brothers, was born in the town of Akebono-cho, part of Tokyo's Bunkyō-ku. is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. Situated in the middle of the ward area Bunkyō is a residential and educational center During World War II, Miyazaki's father Katsuji was director of Miyazaki Airplane, owned by his brother (Hayao Miyazaki's uncle), which made rudders for A6M Zero fighter planes. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout During this time, Miyazaki drew airplanes and developed a lifelong fascination with aviation, a penchant that later manifested as a recurring theme in his films. ^[2]

Miyazaki's mother was a voracious reader who often questioned socially accepted norms. Miyazaki later said that he inherited his questioning and skeptical mind from her. His mother underwent treatment for spinal tuberculosis from 1947 until 1955, and so the family moved frequently. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common ^[2] Miyazaki's film My Neighbor Totoro is set in that time period and features a family whose mother is similarly afflicted. is a 1988 Japanese anime film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and produced by Studio Ghibli.

Miyazaki attended Toyotama High School. In his third year there, he saw the film Hakujaden, which has been described as "the first-ever Japanese feature length color anime". is the first color Anime Feature film, released in 1958. It was also the first to be released in America under the title Panda and the Magic Serpent, ^[3] His interest in animation began in this period; however, in order to become an animator, he had to learn to draw the human figure, since his prior work had been limited to airplanes and battleships. ^[3]

After high school, Miyazaki attended Gakushuin University, from which he would graduate in 1963 with degrees in political science and economics. is an elite higher educational institution in Mejiro Toshima, Tokyo. Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. He was a member of the "Children's Literature research club," the "closest thing to a comics club in those days". Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 Comics (via Latin from the Greek "" kōmikos, of or pertaining to "comedy" from kōmos "revel" ^[3]

In April 1963, Miyazaki got a job at Toei Animation, working as an in-between artist on the anime Watchdog Bow Wow (Wanwan Chushingura). ( is a Japanese animation studio owned by Toei Co Ltd. The studio was originally founded in 1948 as Japan Animated Films (日本動画映画 Nihon Dōga Eiga often shortened He was a leader in a labor dispute soon after his arrival, becoming chief secretary of Toei's labor union in 1964. ^[2]

In October 1965, he married fellow animator Akemi Ota, who later left work to raise their two sons, Gorō and Keisuke. was born on January 21, 1967 in Tokyo, Japan, the son of Japanese animation director Hayao Miyazaki. Gorō is now an animator and filmmaker, and has directed Tales from Earthsea at Studio Ghibli. is a feature Anime film from Studio Ghibli, released in Japan on July 29, 2006, and in the rest of the world soon afterwards Keisuke is a wood artist who has created pieces for the Ghibli Museum and who made the wood engraving shown in the Studio Ghibli film Whisper of the Heart. is a commercial Museum featuring the Japanese Anime work of Studio Ghibli. Whisper of the Heart, known in Japan as is a Japanese Manga series written and illustrated by Aoi Hiiragi.

Films

Sheeta and Pazu from Laputa: Castle in the Sky. (re-titled Castle in the Sky for release in the United States) is a Film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, released in 1986

Miyazaki first gained recognition while working as an in-between artist on the Toei production Gulliver's Travels Beyond the Moon (Garibā no Uchuu Ryokou, 1965). (also known as Space Gulliver) is a 1965 Japanese Animated feature which was released in the United States in 1966. He found the original ending to the script unsatisfactory and pitched his own idea, which became the ending used in the final film.

He later played an important role as chief animator, concept artist, and scene designer on Hols: Prince of the Sun in 1968, a landmark animated film directed by Isao Takahata, with whom he continued to collaborate for the next three decades. also known as The Little Norse Prince or Little Norse Prince Valiant, was a Japanese Anime Film released in 1968 is one of the most famous directors of Anime, or Japanese Animated Films. In Kimio Yabuki's Puss in Boots (1969), Miyazaki again provided key animation as well as designs, storyboards, and story ideas for key scenes in the film, including the climactic chase scene. Shortly thereafter, Miyazaki proposed scenes in the screenplay for Flying Phantom Ship, in which military tanks would roll into downtown Tokyo and cause mass hysteria, and was hired to storyboard and animate those scenes. See also Flying Phantom. is a 1969 Anime Feature film directed by Hiroshi Ikeda and produced by Toei In 1971, Miyazaki played a decisive role in developing structure, characters, and designs for Animal Treasure Island and Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves, as well as storyboarding and key animating of pivotal scenes in both.

Miyazaki left Toei in 1971 for A Pro, where he co-directed six episodes of the first Lupin III series with Isao Takahata. is a Japanese Manga series written and illustrated by Kazuhiko Kato under the Pen name of " Monkey Punch " is one of the most famous directors of Anime, or Japanese Animated Films. He and Takahata then began pre-production on a Pippi Longstocking series and drew extensive story boards for it. Pippi Longstocking ( Swedish Pippi Långstrump) is a Fictional character in a series of children's books created by Swedish author Astrid However, after traveling to Sweden to conduct research for the film and meet the original author, Astrid Lindgren, they were denied permission to complete the project, and it was canceled. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren ( Née Ericsson 14 November 1907 &ndash 28 January 2002 was a Swedish children's book author and Screenwriter ^[2]

Instead of Pippi Longstocking, Miyazaki conceived, wrote, designed, and animated two Panda! Go, Panda! shorts which were directed by Takahata. is a Japanese animated Film, first released in 1972. It was written and created by Hayao Miyazaki and directed by Isao Takahata, predating Miyazaki then left Nippon Animation in 1979 in the middle of the production of Anne of Green Gables to direct his first feature anime The Castle of Cagliostro (1979), a Lupin III adventure film. Nippon Animation (日本アニメーション is a Japanese animation studio is an animated television series adapted from the novel Anne of Green Gables by Canadian writer Lucy Maud Montgomery. is a 1979 Anime Film co-written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki.

Kiki and her cat Jiji in Kiki's Delivery Service

Miyazaki's next film, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (Kaze no Tani no Naushika, 1984), was an adventure film that introduced many of the themes which recur in later films: a concern with ecology, a fascination with aircraft, and morally ambiguous characterizations, especially among villains. is the fifth Studio Ghibli anime film, produced written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki in 1989. is a 1984 film by Japanese Writer, Illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his Manga of the same Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of This was the first film both written and directed by Miyazaki. He adapted it from his manga series of the same title, which he began writing and illustrating two years earlier, but which remained incomplete until after the film's release.

Following the success of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Miyazaki co-founded the animation production company Studio Ghibli with Takahata in 1985, and has produced nearly all of his subsequent work through it.

Miyazaki continued to gain recognition with his next three films. Laputa: Castle in the Sky (1986) recounts the adventure of two orphans seeking a magical floating island; My Neighbor Totoro (Tonari no Totoro, 1988) tells of the adventure of two girls and their interaction with forest spirits; and Kiki's Delivery Service (1989), adapted from a novel by Eiko Kadono, tells the story of a small-town girl who leaves home to begin life as a witch in a big city. (re-titled Castle in the Sky for release in the United States) is a Film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, released in 1986 is a 1988 Japanese anime film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and produced by Studio Ghibli. is the fifth Studio Ghibli anime film, produced written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki in 1989. is a Japanese author of Children's literature, Picture books, non-fiction and essays in Showa and Heisei period Japan Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers Miyazaki's fascination with flight is evident throughout these films, ranging from the ornithopters flown by pirates in Castle in the Sky, to the Totoro and the Cat Bus soaring through the air, and Kiki flying her broom. Early history The idea of constructing wings in order to imitate the flight of birds dates to the ancient Greek legend of Daedalus and Icarus

Porco Rosso

Porco Rosso (1992) was a notable departure for Miyazaki, in that the main character was an adult male, an anti-fascist aviator transformed into an anthropomorphic pig. is the sixth Anime film by Hayao Miyazaki, released in 1992, about an Italian World War I fighter ace now living as a freelance bounty hunter chasing is the sixth Anime film by Hayao Miyazaki, released in 1992, about an Italian World War I fighter ace now living as a freelance bounty hunter chasing Anthropomorphism is the attribution of uniquely Human characteristics to non-human creatures and beings natural and supernatural phenomena material states and objects The film is set in 1920s Italy and the title character is a bounty hunter who fights air pirates and an American soldier of fortune. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The film explores the tension between selfishness and duty. The film can also be viewed as an abstract self-portrait of the director; its subtext can be read as a fictionalized autobiography. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write"

1997's Princess Mononoke (Mononoke Hime) returns to the ecological and political themes of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. is a 1997 Japanese Anime film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli. The plot centers on the struggle between the animal spirits who inhabit the forest and the humans who exploit the forest for industry. It is also noted as one of his most violent pictures. The film was a huge commercial success in Japan, where it became the highest grossing film of all time, until the later success of Titanic, and it ultimately won Best Picture at the Japanese Academy Awards. Titanic is a 1997 Disaster film directed written co-produced and co-edited by James Cameron about the sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'' The, often called the Japan Academy Awards or the Japanese Academy Awards, is a series of awards given annually since 1978 by the Nippon Academy-shō Association Miyazaki retired after directing Princess Mononoke.

While on an extended vacation, Miyazaki spent time with the daughters of a friend, one of whom became his inspiration for Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi, 2001). is a 2001 film by the Japanese Anime studio Studio Ghibli, written and directed by famed animator Hayao Miyazaki. Spirited Away is the story of a girl, forced to survive in a bizarre spirit world, who works in a bathhouse for spirits after her parents are turned into pigs by the sorceress who owns it. Released in Japan in July 2001, the film broke attendance and box office records with ¥30. 4 billion (approximately $300 million) in total gross earnings from more than 23 million viewings. It has received many awards, including Best Picture at the 2001 Japanese Academy Awards, Golden Bear (First Prize) at the 2002 Berlin Film Festival, and the 2002 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. The, often called the Japan Academy Awards or the Japanese Academy Awards, is a series of awards given annually since 1978 by the Nippon Academy-shō Association The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the world's leading Film festivals and most reputable media events held in Berlin The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is one of the annual Awards given by the Los Angeles -based professional organization the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and

Japanese poster for Howl's Moving Castle

In July 2004, Miyazaki completed production on Howl's Moving Castle, a film adaptation of Diana Wynne Jones' fantasy novel. is a 2004 Japanese animated Steampunk Fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli and based on Diana is a 2004 Japanese animated Steampunk Fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli and based on Diana Diana Wynne Jones (born London 16 August 1934 is a British writer principally of Fantasy novels for children and adults as well as a small Miyazaki came out of retirement following the sudden departure of original director Mamoru Hosoda^[4]. Mamoru Hosoda (細田 守 Hosoda Mamoru, born on September 19, 1967, Nakaniikawa District, Toyama) is a Japanese animator and The film premiered at the 2004 Venice International Film Festival and won the Golden Osella award for animation technology. The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world On November 20, 2004, Howl's Moving Castle opened to general audiences in Japan where it earned ¥1. 4 billion in its first two days. The English language version was later released in the US by Walt Disney.

In 2005, Miyazaki received a lifetime achievement award at the Venice Film Festival. The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world Later that year, it was reported that Miyazaki's final film project would be I Lost My Little Boy, later re-titled 'Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea', based on a Chinese children's book. is a 2008 animated Film by the Japanese anime studio Studio Ghibli, written and directed by famed anime filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki

In 2006, Miyazaki's son Gorō Miyazaki completed his first film, Tales from Earthsea, based on several stories by Ursula K. Le Guin. was born on January 21, 1967 in Tokyo, Japan, the son of Japanese animation director Hayao Miyazaki. is a feature Anime film from Studio Ghibli, released in Japan on July 29, 2006, and in the rest of the world soon afterwards Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (ˈɝsələ ˈkroʊbɚ ləˈgwɪn (born October 21, 1929) is an American author (Hayao) Miyazaki had long aspired to make an anime of this work and had repeatedly asked for permission from the original author, Ursula K. Le Guin. Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (ˈɝsələ ˈkroʊbɚ ləˈgwɪn (born October 21, 1929) is an American author However, he had been refused every time. Instead, Miyazaki produced Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind and Shuna no tabi, (The Journey of Shuna) as substitutes (some of the ideas from Shuna no tabi were diverted to this movie). is a 1984 film by Japanese Writer, Illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his Manga of the same When Le Guin finally requested that Miyazaki produce an anime adaptation of her work, he refused because he had lost the desire to do so.

Throughout the film's production, Goro and his father were not speaking to each other, due to a dispute over whether or not Gorō was ready to direct. ^[5]. This movie was originally to be produced by Miyazaki, but he declined as he was already in the middle of producing Howl's Moving Castle. Ghibli decided to make Goro, who had yet to head any animated films, the producer instead.

In 2006, Nausicaa.net reported Hayao Miyazaki's plans to direct another film, rumored to be set in Kobe. Nausicaanet is an English -language fan website established in 1996 to contain information discussed on the Hayao Miyazaki Mailing List and to be a general resource for information is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture and a prominent port city in Japan with a population of about 1 Among areas Miyazaki's team visited during pre-production were an old café run by an elderly couple, and the view of a city from high in the mountains. The exact location of these places is censored from Studio Ghibli's production diaries. The studio has also announced that Miyazaki has begun creating storyboards for the film and that they are being produced in watercolor because the film will have an "unusual visual style. Watercolor ( US) or Watercolour ( UK) (and "aquarelle" in French is a Painting method " Studio Ghibli anticipates a production time of 20 months, with release slated for Summer 2008.

In 2007, the film's title was publicly announced as Gake no ue no Ponyo, literally "Ponyo on a Cliff. is a 2008 animated Film by the Japanese anime studio Studio Ghibli, written and directed by famed anime filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki "^[6] The story is said to revolve around a five-year old boy, Sosuke, and the Princess goldfish, Ponyo, who wants to become human. Studio Ghibli President Toshio Suzuki noted that "70 to 80% of the film takes place at sea. It will be a director’s challenge on how they will express the sea and its waves with freehand drawing. " The film will probably not contain any computer generated imagery, or CGI, in contrast to Miyazaki's other recent work.

Television

Miyazaki's work in television is less known than his films. In the 1970s he worked as an animator on the World Masterpiece Theater television animation series under Isao Takahata. (the official English name given by Nippon Animation is "The Classic Family Theater Series" is a Japanese TV Anime staple that showcased each year an animated is one of the most famous directors of Anime, or Japanese Animated Films. His first directorial credit is for the television version of Lupin III in 1971; he was co-director (with Takahata) of the second half of the first television series, and director of two episodes of the second series. is a Japanese Manga series written and illustrated by Kazuhiko Kato under the Pen name of " Monkey Punch " His first feature film was a Lupin III adventure titled Castle of Cagliostro. is a 1979 Anime Film co-written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki.

Miyazaki's most famous television work was his direction of Future Boy Conan (1978), an adaptation of the children's novel The Incredible Tide by Alexander Key. is an Anime series which premiered across Japan on the NHK network between April 4 and October 31 1978 on the Tuesday 1930-2000 timeslot The Incredible Tide is a Post-apocalyptic science fiction novel written by Alexander Key, published in 1970 Alexander Hill Key ( September 21, 1904  &ndash July 25, 1979) was an American Science fiction writer most of whose books were The main antagonist is the leader of the city-state of Industria who attempts to revive lost technology. A city-state is a Region controlled exclusively by a City, usually having Sovereignty. The series also elaborates on the characters and events in the book, and is an early example of characterizations which recur throughout Miyazaki's later work: a girl who is in touch with nature, a warrior woman who appears menacing but is not an antagonist, and a boy who seems destined for the girl. The series also featured imaginative aircraft designs.

Future Boy Conan was the TV animation series that Hayao Miyazaki had directed for the first time completely. This work was a big bet for Hayao Miyazaki who was worried whether to keep drawing a layout under Takahata untouched or to stop the work of anime. And, he won the bet and worked as a director after that. In making this work, Miyazaki invited Yasuo Otsuka^[7] who was a superior in the Toei Animation age and an elder friend as a partner on the drawing side. (born July 11, 1931, in Shimane Prefecture) is a Japanese Animator who worked with Toei Animation and Studio Ghibli. In those days, Miyazaki who had been drawing a layout and a storyboard, a picture, etc. in Takahata's work ("Heidi, Girl of the Alps", "3000 Leagues in Search of Mother") was the frustrations. Since the direction of Takahata who pursues realism compels the controlled play to the character, he as animator was dissatisfied. To make the frustration emanated, Miyazaki made Future Boy Conan full of the action scene.

Miyazaki directed six episodes of Sherlock Hound, an Italian-Japanese co-production which retold Sherlock Holmes tales using anthropomorphic animals. is an Anime adaptation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes series of novels where all the characters are depicted as Anthropomorphic animals Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional detective of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who first appeared in Publication in 1887 Anthropomorphism is the attribution of uniquely Human characteristics to non-human creatures and beings natural and supernatural phenomena material states and objects These episodes were first broadcast in 1984-85.

Manga

The manga version of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. This article is about a manga For the film of the same name see Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind.

Miyazaki has illustrated several manga, beginning in 1969 with Puss in Boots (Nagakutsu wo Haita Neko). His major work in this format is the seven-volume manga version of his tale Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, which he created from 1982 to 1994 and which has sold millions of copies worldwide. Other works include Sabaku no Tami (砂漠の民, People of the Desert^?), Shuna no Tabi (シュナの旅, The Journey of Shuna^?), The Notebook of Various Images (雑想ノート, Zassō Nōto^?), which was the basis of his film Porco Rosso).

In October 2006, A Trip to Tynemouth was published in Japan. Miyazaki based it on the young adult short stories of Robert Westall, who grew up in World War II England. Robert Atkinson Westall ( October 7, 1929, North Shields &ndash April 15, 1993, Lymm) is the author of many books mostly World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The most famous story, first published in a collection called Break of Dark, is titled Blackham's Wimpy. The rival Royal Air Force crews in the story fly Vickers Wellington Bombers, the nickname comes from the character J. Vickers was a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies from 1828 until 2004 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Wellington Wimpy from Popeye comics and cartoons. Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows

Creation process and animation style

Princess Mononoke was the first Miyazaki film to use computer graphics. In this sequence, the demon snakes are computer generated and composited onto Ashitaka, who is hand-drawn.

Miyazaki takes a leading role when creating his films, frequently serving as both writer and director. He personally reviewed every frame used in his early films, though due to health concerns over the high workload he now delegates some of the workload to other Ghibli members. ^[8] In a 1999 interview, Miyazaki said, "at this age, I cannot do the work I used to. If my staff can relieve me and I can concentrate on directing, there are still a number of movies I'd like to make. "^[9]

In contrast to American animation, the script and storyboards are created together, and animation begins before the story is finished and storyboards are developing. ^[10][11] Stories are sometimes based on his manga. ˈmɑŋgə is the Japanese word for Comics (sometimes called komikku コミック and print Cartoons In their modern form manga date from shortly

Miyazaki has used traditional animation throughout the animation process, though computer-generated imagery has been employed since Princess Mononoke to give "a little boost of elegance". Traditional animation, also referred to as classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation, is the oldest and historically the most popular Computer animation Computer-generated imagery (also known as CGI) is the application of the field of Computer graphics or more specifically 3D computer graphics ^[8] In an interview with the Financial Times, Miyazaki said "it's very important for me to retain the right ratio between working by hand and computer. The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. I have learnt that balance now, how to use both and still be able to call my films 2D. "^[12] Digital paint was also used for the first time in parts of Princess Mononoke in order to meet release deadlines. Traditional animation, also referred to as classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation, is the oldest and historically the most popular It has been used as standard for subsequent films.

Character

Miyazaki often alludes to environmentalism, a theme explored in a number of his films. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. In an interview with The New Yorker, Miyazaki claimed that much of modern culture is "thin and shallow and fake", and "not entirely jokingly" looked forward to an apocalyptic age in which "wild green grasses" take over. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry ^[13] Nonetheless, he suggests that adults should not "impose their vision of the world on children. "^[10]

Hayao Miyazaki's dedication to his work has often been reported to have impacted negatively his relationship with his son Gorō. was born on January 21, 1967 in Tokyo, Japan, the son of Japanese animation director Hayao Miyazaki. ^[14]

. . . children's souls are the inheritors of historical memory from previous generations.

– Hayao Miyazaki

Themes and devices

Princess Mononoke

Good and evil

Most of Miyazaki's characters are dynamic, capable of change, and not easily caricatured into traditional good-evil dichotomies. A dichotomy is any splitting of a whole into exactly two non-overlapping parts Many menacing characters have redeeming features, and are not firmly defined as antagonists. Lady Eboshi of Princess Mononoke knowingly exploits the forests for raw materials at the expense of animal life, while simultaneously sheltering lepers and former prostitutes in her city. Leprosy (from the Greek lepi (λέπι meaning scales on a fish or Hansen's disease, is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. The film culminates in reconciliation, rather than the vanquishing of some irredeemable evil.

The same is true for Spirited Away, where, according to Miyazaki, "the heroine [is] thrown into a place where the good and bad dwell together . . . She manages not because she has destroyed the “evil,” but because she has acquired the ability to survive. " ^[15]

Miyazaki has explained that the lack of clearly defined good and evil is because of his views of the 21st century as a complex time, where old norms no longer are true and need to be re-examined. Simple stereotypes cannot be used, even in children's films. However, even though Miyazaki sometimes feels pessimistic about the world, he prefers to show children a positive world view instead. Pessimism, from the Latin pessimus (worst is the decision to evaluate perceive and view life in a generally negative light ^[16]

Some of Miyazaki's early films featured distinctly evil villains, as in Castle of Cagliostro or Castle in the Sky; other films are remarkable for having no villains at all, as in Kiki's Delivery Service and My Neighbor Totoro. Some of these have a strong flavor of traditional Japanese culture and ancient animistic spiritual beliefs. The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over millenia from the country's prehistoric Jomon culture to its contemporary hybrid culture which combines influences from Asia Animism (from Latin anima ( Soul, Life) commonly refers to a religious belief that Souls or Spirits exist in Animals

Environmentalism

Miyazaki's films often emphasize environmentalism and the Earth's fragility. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. In My Neighbor Totoro, the great tree tops a hillside on which magical creatures reside, and the family worships this tree. This ecological consciousness is echoed in Princess Mononoke with the giant primordial forest, complete with gigantic dragonflies, trees, flowers and wolves. In Spirited Away, Miyazaki environmentalism is made concrete through the "stink spirit" — a river spirit whose river, and consequently he himself, has been polluted and is cleansed by the heroine.

In Princess Mononoke, Laputa: Castle in the Sky and Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, the ecological paradise is threatened by military men and violent state-controlled armies. In each film, the conflict between the natural way of life and the military destruction of culture, land and resources is central to the plight of the protagonists. When battle scenes are shown in each, the militaristic music and ecological destruction is paramount to the endangerment of the inhabitants of the villages.

Nausicaä flying her Mehve over the Valley of the Wind

Anti-war

Both Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke feature strong anti-war themes. Ending the humans' hateful war with themselves and nature becomes the driving force of Ashitaka in Princess Mononoke. In the manga version of Nausicaä, Miyazaki spends much time depicting the brutality and suffering of war in graphic detail through most of the story. The post-apocalyptic world is filled with remains of the old civilizations that ended with wars and the destruction of the environment.

Flying

Flight, especially human flight, is a recurring theme in Miyazaki's films. Flight is the process by which an object achieves sustained movement either through the Air (or movement beyond Earth's atmosphere, in the case of Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them He thinks of flight as a form of liberation from gravity and how it keeps you stuck to one place. Gravitation is a natural Phenomenon by which objects with Mass attract one another ^[17] The Studio Ghibli 2002 short film Imaginary Flying Machines is completely devoted to the wonders of flight and is voiced by Miyazaki himself. is an animated 2002 Short film produced by Studio Ghibli for their near exclusive use in the Ghibli Museum.

In addition to the many aerial devices and drawings of Laputa: Castle in the Sky, which is a flying city, this theme is found in Nausicaä piloting her Mehve and the airborne armies in Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Kiki riding her broomstick and watching dirigibles fly over her city in Kiki’s Delivery Service, the large Totoro carrying Satsuki and Mei across the night sky in My Neighbor Totoro, Chihiro being borne by Haku in his dragon form in Spirited Away and Howl and Sophie soaring above their town in Howl's Moving Castle. is a 1984 film by Japanese Writer, Illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his Manga of the same Terminology In some countries airships are also known as dirigibles from the French (fr ''diriger'' to direct plus -ible) meaning "directable" The protagonist in Porco Rosso is a pilot and the film is focused on flying, airplanes and aerial combat.

Visual devices

The train sequence from Spirited Away provides a brief lull in the storytelling to illustrate the wider context.

Miyazaki deliberately paces his films to allow brief excursions into the animated environment. The image of wind blowing gently across fields of grass or grain has been used in several of his films, as has a close shot of a stone darkening with raindrops. Although subtle, these brief shots often help establish a larger reality of his animated worlds.

Politics

The influence of Miyazaki's early interest in Marxism is apparent in some of his films, such as Porco Rosso. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In Castle in the Sky, the working class is portrayed in idealized terms. Miyazaki claims to have abandoned Marxism while creating his manga Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind. He states he "stopped seeing things by class, as it's a lie that one is right just because he/she is a laborer". ^[18][19][20]

Influences

Haku distracts spirits to protect Chihiro in Spirited Away.

A number of Western authors have influenced Miyazaki's work, including Ursula K. Le Guin, Lewis Carroll, and Diana Wynne Jones. Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (ˈɝsələ ˈkroʊbɚ ləˈgwɪn (born October 21, 1929) is an American author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English Diana Wynne Jones (born London 16 August 1934 is a British writer principally of Fantasy novels for children and adults as well as a small Miyazaki confided to Le Guin that Earthsea has been a great influence on all his works, and that he has kept her books on his bedside. ^[21]

Miyazaki and French writer and illustrator Jean Giraud (aka Moebius) have influenced each other and have become friends as a result of their mutual admiration. Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (born May 8, 1938) is a French comics artist. Monnaie de Paris held an exhibition of their work titled Miyazaki et Moebius: Deux Artistes Dont Les Dessins Prennent Vie (Two Artists’s Drawings Taking on a Life of Their Own) from December 2004 to April 2005. The Monnaie de Paris (Paris Mint) or more administratively speaking the "Direction of Coins and Medals" is an administration of the Both artists attended the opening of the exhibition. ^[22][16] Also Moebius has named his daughter Nausicaa after Miyazaki's heroine.

Miyazaki has been deeply influenced by another French writer, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Antoine de Saint Exupéry (ɑ̃twan də sɛ̃tɛgzypeˈʀi ( June 29, 1900 — July 31, 1944) was a French Writer and He illustrated the Japanese covers of Saint-Exupéry's Night Flight (Vol de nuit) and Wind, Sand and Stars (Terre des Hommes), and wrote an afterword for Wind, Sand and Stars. Wind Sand and Stars ( French title Terre des hommes (Land of Men is a Memoir by Antoine de Saint Exupéry published in

In an interview broadcast on BBC Choice on 2002-06-10, Miyazaki cited the British authors Eleanor Farjeon, Rosemary Sutcliff, and Philippa Pearce as influences. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Eleanor Farjeon ( February 13, 1881 &ndash June 5, 1965) was an English Author of children's stories and plays poetry Rosemary Sutcliff CBE ( December 14, 1920 - July 23, 1992) was a British Novelist, best known as a writer of highly acclaimed Ann Philippa Pearce OBE (b Great Shelford, Cambridgeshire, 23 January 1920; d The filmmaker has also publicly expressed fondness of Roald Dahl's stories about pilots and airplanes; the image in Porco Rosso of a cloud of dead pilots was inspired by Dahl's They Shall Not Grow Old. Roald Dahl ( 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British Novelist Short story Writer

As in Miyazaki's films, these authors create self-contained worlds in which allegory is often used, and characters have complex, and often ambiguous, motivations. An allegory (from αλλος allos "other" and el αγορευειν agoreuein "to speak in public" is a figurative mode of representation Other Miyazaki works, such as My Neighbor Totoro, Princess Mononoke, and Spirited Away incorporate elements of Japanese history and mythology. Japanese mythology is a system of beliefs that embraces Shinto and Buddhist traditions as well as agriculture-based Folk religion.

Miyazaki attributed his inspiration to go into the animation field to the release of The Tale of the White Serpent, considered the first modern anime, in 1958. is the first color Anime Feature film, released in 1958. It was also the first to be released in America under the title Panda and the Magic Serpent,

The Snow Queen, a Soviet animated film, is cited by Miyazaki as one of his earliest inspirations, having motivated him to stay in animation production. The Snow Queen (Снежная королева Snezhnaya koroleva) is a 1957 Soviet traditionally-animated Feature film ^[23]

Yuriy Norshteyn, a Russian animator, is Miyazaki's friend and praised by him as "a great artist"^[17]. Yuriy Borisovich Norshteyn (Ю́рий Бори́сович Норште́йн or Yuri Norstein or Yuri Norshtein (born Norshteyn's Hedgehog in the Fog is cited as one of Miyazaki's favourite animated films. Hedgehog in the Fog (Ёжик в тума́не Yozhik v tumane) is a 1975 Soviet Animated film directed by Yuriy Norshteyn, ^[23]

Miyazaki has long been a fan of the Aardman Studios animation. Aardman Animations Ltd, also known as Aardman Studios, is an Academy Award -winning British Animation studio based in Bristol, In May 2006, David Sproxton and Peter Lord, founders of Aardman Studios, visited the Ghibli Museum exhibit dedicated to their works, where they also met Miyazaki. David Sproxton CBE is one of the co-founders (together with Peter Lord) of the Aardman Animations studio Peter Lord CBE (born 1953 in Bristol, United Kingdom) is a British film producer, director and co-founder of the Academy is a commercial Museum featuring the Japanese Anime work of Studio Ghibli. ^[24]

Filmography

Director, screenplay, and storyboards

• Yuki's Sun 1972 (Pilot film for a never-realized anime series)
• Future Boy Conan, 1978 anime series
• The Castle of Cagliostro, 1979 film
• Sherlock Hound, 1982 anime series
• Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, 1984 film
• Laputa: Castle in the Sky, 1986 film
• My Neighbor Totoro, 1988 film
• Kiki's Delivery Service, 1989 film
• Porco Rosso, 1992 film
• On Your Mark, 1995 music video for Chage and Aska
• Princess Mononoke, 1997 film
• Spirited Away, 2001 film (winner, Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, 2002)
• The Whale Hunt, 2001 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• Koro's Big Day Out, 2001 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• Mei and the Kittenbus, 2002 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• Imaginary Flying Machines, 2002 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• Ornithopter Story: Fly! Hiyodori Tengu Go!, 2002 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• Howl's Moving Castle, 2004 (nominee, Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, 2005)
• Monmon the Water Spider, 2006 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• House-hunting, 2006 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• The Day I Harvested A Star, 2006 (Short film exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)
• Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea, film due 2008
• Film Guruguru, ? (Ongoing short film project exclusive to the Studio Ghibli Museum)^[25]
• Unnamed Hayao Miyazaki-directed Documentary (TBA)^[26]

Scene design, layout

• Heidi, Girl of the Alps, 1974 anime series
• 3000 Leagues in Search of Mother, 1976 anime series
• Anne of Green Gables, Episodes 1-15, 1979 anime series

Concept, screenplay, storyboards, scene design, key animation

• Panda! Go, Panda!, 1972 short film

Screenplay, storyboards, scene design, art design, key animation

• Panda! Go, Panda! and the Rainy-Day Circus (パンダコパンダ 雨降りサーカスの巻, Panda Kopanda: Amefuri Sākasu no Maki^?), 1973 short film

Screenwriter, storyboards, executive producer, sequence director

• Whisper of the Heart, 1995 film

Story consultant, key animation, storyboards, scene design

• Animal Treasure Island (どうぶつ宝島, Dōbutsu Takarajima^?), 1971

Key animation, storyboards, scene design

• Hols: Prince of the Sun, 1968 film

Organizer, key animation, storyboards

• Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (アリババと４０匹の盗賊, Aribaba to Yonjūbiki no Tozuku^?), 1971

Key animation, storyboards, design

• Puss 'n Boots, 1969 film
• Flying Phantom Ship, 1969 film

References

Further reading

• Cavallaro, Dani (2006), The Anime Art of Hayao Miyazaki, Mcfarland. (ISBN 0-7864-2369-2)
• McCarthy, Helen (1999), Hayao Miyazaki: Master of Japanese Animation: Films, Themes, Artistry, Stone Bridge. (ISBN 1-880656-41-8)

External links

• The Official Studio Ghibli Site (Japanese)
• Miyazaki Information at Nausicaa.net
• Profile at Japan Zone
• Discussion about Miyazaki in The New Yorker
• Interview in The Guardian
• Anime News Network
• Hayao Miyazaki at the Internet Movie Database
• An article on Miyazaki in Turkish Daily News