Hayabusa
Artist's impression of Hayabusa in close proximity to Itokawa's surface
Organization	JAXA
Mission type	Asteroid sample return
Current destination	Earth, on return leg from asteroid 25143 Itokawa
Launch date	9 May 2003
Launch vehicle	M-V
NSSDC ID	2003-019A
Mass	510 kg (dry 380 kg)
Instruments
AMICA, LIDAR, NIRS, XRS

Hayabusa (はやぶさ, Hayabusa^? literally peregrine falcon) is an unmanned space mission led by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to return a sample of material from a small near-Earth asteroid named 25143 Itokawa (dimensions 540 meters by 270 meters by 210 meters) and return the sample to Earth for further analysis. The, or JAXA, is Japan's national Aerospace agency JAXA was formed on October 1 2003 as an Independent Administrative Institution through the TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 25143 Itokawa (ˌiːtoʊˈkɑːwə Japanese イトカワ from 糸川 Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The International Designator (or NSSDC ID) is an international naming convention for Satellites It consists of the launch year a 3-digit incrementing launch number The Peregrine Falcon ( Falco peregrinus) also known simply as the Peregrine, and historically as the "Duck Hawk" in North America is a A robotic spacecraft is a Spacecraft with no humans on board that is usually under Telerobotic control The, or JAXA, is Japan's national Aerospace agency JAXA was formed on October 1 2003 as an Independent Administrative Institution through the A sample return mission is a Spacecraft mission with the goal of returning tangible samples from an extraterrestrial location to Earth for analysis Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs are Asteroids whose Orbits are close to Earth 's orbit TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 25143 Itokawa (ˌiːtoʊˈkɑːwə Japanese イトカワ from 糸川 EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001

The Hayabusa spacecraft, formerly known as MUSES-C (ミューゼスＣ, Myūzesu Shī^?), was launched on 9 May 2003 and rendezvoused with Itokawa in mid-September 2005. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. After arriving at Itokawa, Hayabusa studied the asteroid's shape, spin, topography, colour, composition, density, and history. In November 2005, it attempted to land on the asteroid to collect samples but failed to do so. Nevertheless, there is a high probability that some dust swirled into the sampling chamber, so it was sealed, and the spacecraft is slated to return to Earth by June 2010.

The spacecraft also carried a detachable mini-lander but it failed to reach the surface (see Minerva mini-lander below).

Contents 1 Mission firsts 2 Mission profile 3 MINERVA mini-lander 4 Scientific and engineering importance of the mission 5 Changes in mission plan 6 Mission timeline 6.1 Up to the launch 6.2 Cruising 6.3 In proximity of Itokawa 6.4 Recovery and return to Earth 7 Timeline of future events 8 External links 9 Notes 10 References

Mission firsts

Other spacecraft, notably Galileo and NEAR Shoemaker, have visited asteroids before, but the Hayabusa mission, if successful, will mark the first time that an asteroid sample is returned to Earth for analysis. Galileo was an Unmanned spacecraft sent by NASA to study the Planet Jupiter and its moons Named after the Astronomer The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker (NEAR Shoemaker renamed after its launch in honor of planetary scientist Eugene M

In addition, Hayabusa is the first spacecraft designed to deliberately land on an asteroid and then take off again (NEAR Shoemaker made a controlled descent to the surface of 433 Eros in 2000, but it was not designed as a lander and was eventually deactivated after it arrived). TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 433 Eros (ˈɪərɒs irr'-os) is the first discovered Near-Earth asteroid Technically, Hayabusa is not designed to 'land': it simply touches the surface with its sample capturing device and then moves away. However, it is the first craft designed from the outset to make contact with the surface of an asteroid.

Despite its designer's intention of a momentary contact, Hayabusa did land and sit on the asteroid surface for about 30 minutes (see the November 19 entry in the recent events section below).

Mission profile

The Hayabusa spacecraft was launched on 9 May 2003 at 04:29:25 UTC on an M-5 rocket from the Uchinoura Space Center (still called Kagoshima Space Center at that time). Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The M-V rocket also called M-5 or Mu-5, was a Japanese Solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific Satellites It was The is a space launch facility close to the Japanese city of Uchinoura, in Kagoshima Prefecture. The is a space launch facility close to the Japanese city of Uchinoura, in Kagoshima Prefecture. Following launch, the spacecraft's name was changed from the original MUSES-C to Hayabusa, the Japanese word for falcon. A falcon (fɔlkən or fælkən is any Species of raptor in the Genus Falco. The spacecraft's xenon ion engines (four separate units), operating near-continuously for two years, slowly moved Hayabusa toward a September 2005 rendezvous with Itokawa. An ion thruster is a form of Electric propulsion used for Spacecraft propulsion that creates thrust by accelerating Ions Ion thrusters are characterized As it arrived, the spacecraft did not go into orbit around the asteroid, but remained in a station-keeping heliocentric orbit close by. In Astronomy, heliocentrism is the theory that the Sun is at the center of the Solar System.

Hayabusa surveyed the asteroid surface from a distance of about 20 km, the "gate position". Afterwards, the spacecraft moved closer to the surface ("home position"), and then approached the asteroid for a series of soft landings and collection of samples at the safest site. Autonomous optical navigation was employed extensively during this period because the long communication delay prohibits Earth-based real-time commanding. Autonomous robots are Robots which can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance At the second Hayabusa touchdown with its deployable collection horn, the spacecraft was programmed to fire tiny projectiles at the surface and then collect the resulting spray. Any samples that were collected are now held inside a separate re-entry capsule. However, it is currently uncertain whether the metal projectiles were fired during contact.

After a few months in proximity to the asteroid, the spacecraft was scheduled to fire its engines to begin its cruise back to Earth. This maneuver was delayed due to problems with attitude control and the thrusters of the craft. Once it is on its return trajectory, the re-entry capsule will be detached from the main spacecraft at a distance of about 300,000 to 400,000 km from the Earth, and the capsule will coast on a ballistic trajectory, re-entering the Earth's atmosphere. This is currently planned for June 2010. The capsule will experience peak deceleration of about 25 G and heating rates approximately 30 times those experienced by the Apollo spacecraft. It will land via parachute near Woomera, Australia. Woomera ( is a town in South Australia, 488 km/305 mi north of Adelaide, along the Stuart Highway. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

MINERVA mini-lander

Hayabusa carried a tiny mini-spacecraft (weighing only 591 g, and approximately 10 cm tall by 12 cm in diameter) named MINERVA (short for MIcro/Nano Experimental Robot Vehicle for Asteroid). Unfortunately, an error during deployment resulted in the craft's failure.

This solar-powered vehicle was designed to take advantage of Itokawa's very low gravity by using an internal flywheel assembly to hop across the surface of the asteroid, relaying images from its cameras to Hayabusa whenever the two spacecraft were in sight of one another. [1]

MINERVA was deployed on November 12, 2005. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The lander release command was sent from Earth, but before the command could arrive, Hayabusa's altimeter measured its distance from Itokawa to be 44m and thus started an automatic altitude keeping sequence. As a result, when the MINERVA release command arrived, MINERVA was released while the probe was ascending and at a higher altitude than intended, so that it escaped Itokawa's gravitational pull and tumbled into space. [2] [3] [4]

Had it been successful, MINERVA would have been the first space hopper to see action. A space hopper, also known as a skippyball, kangaroo ball, bouncer, hippity hip, hop ball, or a hoppity hop, is a Instead it joins ranks with the hopper carried on the failed Phobos 2 mission which also never saw use. The Phobos (Фобос Fobos program was an Unmanned space mission consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union to study

The United States space agency NASA had originally planned to build a miniature rover as part of the Hayabusa mission, but the project, developed by JPL and called Muses-CN, was cancelled in November 2000 for budgeting reasons. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program A rover is a Space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of a Planet or other Astronomical body.

Scientific and engineering importance of the mission

Scientists' current understanding of asteroids depends greatly on meteorite samples, but it is very difficult to match up meteorite samples with the exact asteroids from which they came. Hayabusa will solve this problem by bringing back pristine samples from a specific, well-characterized asteroid. Accordingly, Hayabusa "will bridge the gap between ground observation data of asteroids and laboratory analysis of meteorite and cosmic dust collections," says mission scientist Hajime Yano. ¹ Also in comparing the data from the onboard instruments of the Hayabusa with the data from the Near Shoemaker mission will put the knowledge on a wider level.

The Hayabusa mission has a very deep engineering importance for JAXA, too. First it will help JAXA to further test its technologies in the fields of ion engines, autonomous and optical navigation, deep space communication, and close movement on objects with low gravity among others. Second, since it was the first-ever soft contact with the surface of an asteroid it has enormous influence on further asteroid missions.

Changes in mission plan

The Hayabusa mission profile has been modified several times, both before and after launch.

• The spacecraft was originally intended to launch in July 2002 to the asteroid 4660 Nereus (the asteroid (10302) 1989 ML was considered as an alternative target). 4660 Nereus (ˈnɪəriəs nirr'-ee-əs; Greek Νηρέας is a small (1 km in diameter asteroid discovered by Eleanor F However, a July 2000 failure of Japan's M-5 rocket forced a delay in the launch, putting both Nereus and 1989 ML out of reach. The M-V rocket also called M-5 or Mu-5, was a Japanese Solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific Satellites It was As a result, the target asteroid was changed to 1998 SF₃₆, which was soon thereafter named for Japanese rocket pioneer Hideo Itokawa. TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 25143 Itokawa (ˌiːtoʊˈkɑːwə Japanese イトカワ from 糸川 Hideo Itokawa (糸川英夫 July 20, 1912 &ndash February 21, 1999) was a pioneer of Japanese Rocketry and of the Japanese [5]
• Hayabusa was to deploy a small rover supplied by NASA, called Muses-CN, onto the surface of the asteroid, but the rover was cancelled by NASA in November 2000 due to budget constraints. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program
• In 2002, launch was postponed from December 2002 to May 2003 to recheck O-rings of reaction control system since one of it was found to be using different material than specification. An o-ring, also known as a packing or a toric joint, is a mechanical Gasket in the shape of a Torus; it is a loop of Elastomer with A reaction control system, abbreviated RCS, is a subsystem of a Spacecraft. [6]
• In 2003, while Hayabusa was en-route to Itokawa, a large solar flare damaged the solar cells aboard the spacecraft. A solar flare is a violent explosion in a star's (like the Sun 's atmosphere releasing as much Energy as 6 × 1025 Joules Solar flares A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts Solar energy into Electricity by the photovoltaic effect. This reduction in electrical power reduced the efficiency of the ion engines, thus delaying the arrival at Itokawa from June to September 2005. Since orbital mechanics dictate that the spacecraft must still leave the asteroid by November, the amount of the time it was able to spend at Itokawa was greatly reduced and the number of landings on the asteroid were reduced from three to two.
• Two reaction wheels that govern the attitude movement of Hayabusa failed in 2005; the X-axis wheel failed on July 31, and the Y-axis on October 2. A reaction wheel is a type of Flywheel used primarily by Spacecraft to change their Angular momentum without using fuel for Rockets or other reaction Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule After the latter failure, the spacecraft is now being turned on the X and Y axes with its thrusters. JAXA claims that since global mapping of Itokawa has been completed, this is not a major problem, but the mission plan was altered.
• The November 4 2005 'rehearsal' landing on Itokawa failed, and was rescheduled. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
• The original decision to sample two different sites on the asteroid was changed when one of the sites, Woomera Desert, was found to be too rocky for a safe landing.
• The November 12 release of the MINERVA mini-probe ended in failure. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days

Mission timeline

Up to the launch

• In 1986–1987, ISAS scientists investigated the feasibility of asteroid sample return mission, Anteros as target. 1943 Anteros (1973 EC is an Amor asteroid discovered on March 13, 1973 by Gibson J It was considered the technology is not ready yet. [7]
• Between 1987–1994, joint ISAS / NASA group studied several missions: an asteroid rendezvous mission later became NEAR, and a comet sample return mission later became Stardust. The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker (NEAR Shoemaker renamed after its launch in honor of planetary scientist Eugene M Stardust is an American interplanetary mission of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, whose primary purpose was to investigate the makeup of the [8]
• In 1995, ISAS selected the asteroid sampling as an engineering demonstration mission, MUSES-C, Nereus as the first choice of target, 1989 ML as the secondary choice.
• MUSES-C project started in fiscal year 1996.
• In early development phase, Nereus was considered out of reach and 1989 ML became the primary target. [9]
• July 2000 failure of M-V forced a delay in the launch from July 2002 to November/December, putting both Nereus and 1989 ML out of reach. The M-V rocket also called M-5 or Mu-5, was a Japanese Solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific Satellites It was As a result, the target asteroid was changed to 1998 SF₃₆. TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 25143 Itokawa (ˌiːtoʊˈkɑːwə Japanese イトカワ from 糸川 [10]
• In 2002, launch was postponed from December 2002 to May 2003 to recheck O-rings of reaction control system since one of it was found using different material than specification. An o-ring, also known as a packing or a toric joint, is a mechanical Gasket in the shape of a Torus; it is a loop of Elastomer with A reaction control system, abbreviated RCS, is a subsystem of a Spacecraft. [11]
• On May 9, 2003 4:29:25 UTC, MUSES-C was launched by M-V rocket, and the probe was named Hayabusa. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The M-V rocket also called M-5 or Mu-5, was a Japanese Solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific Satellites It was

Cruising

• Ion thruster checkout started on May 27, 2003. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Full power operation started on June 25. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians
• On August 6, Minor Planet Circular reported that the target asteroid 1998 SF₃₆ was named Itokawa. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. The Minor Planet Circulars (MPCs (also known as Minor Planets and Comets are published generally on the date of each full moon by the Minor Planet Center.
• On March 31, 2004, ion thruster operation was stopped to prepare for the Earth swing-by. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [12].
• Last manoeuvre operation before swing-by on May 12. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. [13]
• On May 19, Hayabusa performed Earth swing-by. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
• On May 27, ion thruster operation was started again. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed [21]
• On February 18, 2005, Hayabusa passed aphelion at 1. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 7 AU. [22]
• On July 31, the X-axis reaction wheel failed. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
• On August 14, Hayabusa 's first image of Itokawa was released. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures The picture was taken by the star tracker and shows a point of light, believed to be the asteroid, moving across the starfield. [23] Other images were taken from August 22 to August 24. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River [24]
• On August 28, Hayabusa was switched over from the ion engines to the bi-propellant thrusters for orbital maneuvering. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital An ion thruster is a form of Electric propulsion used for Spacecraft propulsion that creates thrust by accelerating Ions Ion thrusters are characterized
• From September 4, Hayabusa's cameras were able to confirm Itokawa's elongated shape. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself [25]
• From September 11, individual hills were discerned on the asteroid. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul [26]
• On September 12, Hayabusa was 20 km from Itokawa and JAXA scientists announced that Hayabusa had officially 'arrived'. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the [27]

In proximity of Itokawa

• On September 15, a 'colour' image of the asteroid was released (which is, however, grey in colouring) [28]
• On October 4, JAXA announced that the spacecraft had successfully moved to its 'Home Position' 7 km from Itokawa. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Closeup pictures were released. It was also announced that the spacecraft's second reaction wheel, governing the Y-axis, had failed, and that the craft was now being pointed by its rotation thrusters. [29]
• On November 3, Hayabusa took station 3. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. 0 km from Itokawa. It then began its descent, planned to include delivery of a target marker, and release of the Minerva mini-lander. The descent went well initially, and navigation images with wide-angle cameras were obtained. However, at 1:50 am UTC (10:50 am JST) on November 4, it was announced that due to a detection of an anomalous signal at the Go/NoGo decision, the descent, including release of Minerva and the target marker had been canceled. Japan Standard Time or JST (日本標準時 or 中央標準時 is the standard Timezone of Japan, and is 9 hours ahead of UTC Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani The project manager, Jun-ichiro Kawaguchi, explained that the optical navigation system was not tracking the asteroid very well, probably caused by the complex shape of Itokawa. A few days delay was required to evaluate the situation and reschedule. [30] [31]
• On November 7, Hayabusa was 7. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat 5 km from Itokawa.
• On November 9, Hayabusa performed a descent to 70m to test the landing navigation and the laser altimeter. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all After that, Hayabusa backed off to a higher position, then descended again to 500m and released one of the target markers into space to test the craft's ability to track it (this was confirmed). From analysis of the closeup images, the Woomera Desert site (Point B) was found to be too rocky to be suitable for landing. The Muses Sea site (Point A) was selected as the landing site, for both first and if possible second landings. [32]
• On November 12, Hayabusa closed in to 55m from the asteroid's surface. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days MINERVA was released but due to an error failed to reach the surface.
• On November 19, Hayabusa landed on the asteroid. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land There was considerable confusion during and after the manoeuvre about precisely what had happened, because the high-gain antenna of the probe cannot be used during final phase of touch-down, as well as the blackout during handover of ground station antenna from DSN to Usuda station. The Deep Space Network, or DSN, is an international network of communication facilities that supports Interplanetary Spacecraft missions and It was initially reported that Hayabusa had stopped at approximately 10 meters from the surface, hovering for 30 minutes for unknown reasons. Ground control sent a command to abort and ascend, and by the time the communication was regained, the probe had moved 100 km away from the asteroid. The probe had entered into a safe mode, slowly spinning to stabilize altitude. Safe mode usually refers to a diagnostic mode used by a computer Operating system (OS [33] [34] However, after regaining control and communication with the probe, the data from the landing attempt were downloaded and analyzed, and on November 23, JAXA announced that the probe had indeed landed on the asteroid surface. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of [35] Unfortunately, the sampling sequence was not triggered since a sensor detected an obstacle during descent; the probe tried to abort the landing, but since its attitude was not appropriate for ascent, it chose instead a safe descent mode. This mode did not permit a sample to be taken, but there is a high probability that some dust may have whirled up into the sampling horn when it touched the asteroid, so the sample canister currently attached to the sampling horn was sealed.
• On November 25, a second touchdown attempt was performed. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the It was initially thought that this time, the sampling device was activated [36]; However, later analysis decided that this was probably another failure and that no pellets were fired. [37]. Due to a leak in the thruster system, the probe was put in a safe hold mode. [38]
• On November 30, JAXA announced that control and communication with Hayabusa had been restored, but a problem remained with the craft's reaction control system, perhaps involving a frozen pipe. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats A reaction control system, abbreviated RCS, is a subsystem of a Spacecraft. Mission control was working to resolve the problem before the craft's upcoming launch window for return to Earth. Launch window is a term used in Aerospace to describe a time period in which a particular Rocket must be launched [39]
• On December 6, Hayabusa was 550km from Itokawa. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev JAXA held a press conference about the situation so far. [40] [41] On November 27, the probe experienced a power outage when trying attitude correction, probably due to a fuel leakage. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont On December 2, an attitude correction was tried, but the thruster did not generate enough force. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire On December 3, the probe's Z-axis was found to be 20 to 30 degrees from the sun direction and increasing. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French On December 4, as an emergency measure, xenon propellant from the ion engines was blown to correct the spin, and it was confirmed successful. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Attitude control was commanded using the xenon gas. On December 5, attitude was corrected enough to regain communication through the medium gain antenna. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Telemetry was obtained and analyzed.
• As the result of telemetry analysis, it was found that there is a strong possibility of the projectile of sampler not penetrated when it landed on November 25. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Due to the power outage, the telemetry log data was faulty. Telemetry (synonymous with Telematics) is a Technology that allows the remote measurement and reporting of Information of interest to the system designer
• On December 8, a sudden altitude change was observed, and communication with Hayabusa was lost. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. It was thought likely that the turbulence was caused by evaporation of 8 or 10cc of leaked fuel. CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. This forced a wait of a month or two for Hayabusa to stabilize by conversion of precession to pure rotation, after which the rotation axis needed to be directed toward the Sun and Earth within a specific angular range. Precession refers to a change in the direction of the axis of a rotating object The probability of achieving this was estimated at 60% by December 2006, 70% by spring 2007. [42] [43]

Recovery and return to Earth

• On March 7, 2006, JAXA announced [44] [45] that communication with Hayabusa had been recovered in the following stages:
  • On January 23, the beacon signal from the probe was detected. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
  • On January 26, the probe responded to commands from ground control by changing beacon signal. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
  • On February 6, an ejection of xenon propellant was commanded for attitude control to improve communication. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio The spin axis change rate was about 2 degrees per day.
  • On February 25, telemetry data was obtained through low-gain antenna. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  • On March 4, telemetry data was obtained through medium-gain antenna. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
  • On March 6, Hayabusa's position was established at about 13000km ahead of Itokawa in its orbit with a relative speed of 3m per second. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
• On June 1, Hayabusa project manager Jun-ichiro Kawaguchi reported [46] that they confirmed two out of four ion engines work normally, which will be sufficient for return journey. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
• On January 30, 2007, Jaxa reported that 7 out of 11 batteries are working and the return capsule was sealed. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [47]
• On April 25, JAXA reported that Hayabusa started the return journey. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. [48] [49]
• On August 29, it was announced that Ion Engine C onboard Hayabusa, in addition to B and D, has been successfully re-ignited. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) [50]
• On October 29, JAXA reported that the first phase of trajectory manoeuvre operation has finished and the spacecraft is now put in spin-stabilized state. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Second phase will start in February 2009. [51]

Timeline of future events

• June 2010: Hayabusa will release its samples to return to Earth in a re-entry capsule, expected to land in the Australian outback.

External links

• ISAS/JAXA page on mission
• ISAS/JAXA Hayabusa mission movie
• ISAS/JAXA Hayabusa Today (live updates of the craft's position)
• Hayabusa's Scientific and Engineering Achievements during Proximity Operations around Itokawa (JAXA press release on November 2, 2005)
• The 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference has Special Session on Results of the Hayabusa Mission, and a poster session Results of the Hayabusa Mission
• Special issue: Hayabusa at Asteroid Itokawa, Science, Vol 312, Issue 5778, Pages 1273-1407, June 2, 2006
• Initial Scientific Results of Hayabusa’s Investigation on Itokawa ~Summary of the Special Issue of “Science”Magazine~ (ISAS/JAXA press release)
• Hayabusa Project Science Data Archive

Notes

• Note 1: Source: June 2005 issue of Sky and Telescope, pp. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sky & Telescope (S&T is an American monthly Magazine covering all aspects of Amateur astronomy, including current events in 34-37, "Japan's asteroid archaeologist"

References

• Fujiwara, A. et al. (2006). "Hayabusa at Asteroid Itokawa (Special Issue)". Science 312 (5778): 1273-1373.  
• Hiroi, T. , Abe. , M. , Kitazato, K. , Abe, S. , Clark, B. E. , Sasaki, S. , Ishiguro, M. , and Barnouin-Jha, O. S. (2006). "Developing space weathering on the asteroid 25143 Itokawa". Nature 443: 56-58. doi:10.1038/nature05073. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

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