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Hawker Hunter

Two-seat training variant of the Hunter
Type Fighter and ground attack
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer Hawker Siddeley
Designed by Sydney Camm
Maiden flight 21 July 1951
Introduced 1956
Retired Still in combat roles with Lebanese AF
Primary users Royal Air Force
Indian Air Force
Lebanese Air Force
Swiss Air Force
Number built 1,972

The Hawker Hunter was a jet fighter aircraft of the 1950s and 1960s. Ground-attack aircraft are military aircraft designed to attack targets on the ground and are often deployed as Close air support for and in proximity to their own ground forces The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Hawker Siddeley was a group of British manufacturing companies renowned for their aircraft production. Sir Sydney Camm, CBE, FRAeS ( August 5, 1893 March 12, 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1951: Events February February 21 - an English Electric Canberra The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the The Lebanese Air Force is the Air force branch of the Lebanese Armed Forces. The Swiss Air Force ( Schweizer Luftwaffe, Forces aériennes suisses, Forze Aeree Svizzere) is the air component TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司 A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed The Hunter served for many years with the Royal Air Force and was widely exported, serving with 19 air forces. A total of 1,972 Hunters were produced by Hawker Siddeley and under licence. Hawker Siddeley was a group of British manufacturing companies renowned for their aircraft production.

Contents

Development

Sixteen Hunters of the RAF Black Arrows perform aerobatics at the Farnborough Air Show, England.
Sixteen Hunters of the RAF Black Arrows perform aerobatics at the Farnborough Air Show, England. The Black Arrows, one of the predecessors of the current Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team the Red Arrows, were an Aerobatic demonstration team formed
"Miss Demeanour" - a privately owned Hawker Hunter F.58A in England.
"Miss Demeanour" - a privately owned Hawker Hunter F. 58A in England.
Privately-owned Hawker Hunter T.7 “Blue Diamond” at speed during an air display.
Privately-owned Hawker Hunter T. 7 “Blue Diamond” at speed during an air display.
Another view of “Blue Diamond”.
Another view of “Blue Diamond”.

The origins of the Hunter trace back to the Hawker Sea Hawk straight-wing carrier-based fighter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Seeking better performance and fulfillment of the Air Ministry Specification E.38/46, Hawker Aircraft's chief designer Sydney Camm created the Hawker P.1052, which was essentially a Sea Hawk with a 35-degree swept wing. The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force. This is a partial list of the British Air Ministry (AM specifications for Aircraft. Hawker Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history Sir Sydney Camm, CBE, FRAeS ( August 5, 1893 March 12, 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A swept-wing is a wing Planform common on high-speed Aircraft, with the wing swept back instead of being set at right angles to the Fuselage. First flying in 1948, the P. 1052 demonstrated good performance but did not warrant further development into a production aircraft. As a private venture, Hawker converted the second P. 1052 prototype into the Hawker P.1081 with swept tailplanes and revised fuselage, with a single jet exhaust at the rear. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout First flying on 19 June 1950, the P. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 1081 was promising enough to draw interest from the Royal Australian Air Force but development went no further and the sole prototype was lost in a crash in 1951. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force.

Meanwhile, in 1946, the Air Ministry issued Specification F. The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force. 43/46 for a daytime jet-powered interceptor. Camm took the basic P. 1052 design and adopted it for the upcoming Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司 The Avon's major advantage over the Rolls-Royce Nene, used in the Sea Hawk, was the axial compressor, which resulted in a much smaller engine diameter and better thrust. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Axial compressors are rotating aerofoil based compressors in which the working fluid principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation In March 1948, the Air Ministry issued Specification F. 3/48, to cover development of the project. Initially fitted with a single air intake in the nose and a T-tail, the project rapidly evolved to the more familiar shape. The intakes were moved to the wing roots, to make room for weapons and radar in the nose. A more conventional tail arrangement was devised, as a result of stability concerns. The project number should have been the P. 1066, but as it would have undoubtedly been called the "Hawker Hastings" and Handley-Page already had an aircraft with this name, Sydney Camm decided to retire the 1066 project number without it ever being used. The Battle of Hastings was the decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England. Handley Page Limited was founded by Frederick Handley Page (later Sir Frederick in 1909 as the United Kingdom 's first publicly traded aircraft manufacturing The Handley Page HP67 Hastings was a British troop-carrier and freight transport aircraft designed and built by Handley Page for the Royal Air Force Sir Sydney Camm, CBE, FRAeS ( August 5, 1893 March 12, 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed

The P. 1067 first flew from MoD Boscombe Down on 20 July 1951,[1] powered by a 6,500 lbf (28. MoD Boscombe Down is an aircraft testing site located south of Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January 91 kN) Avon 103 engine from an English Electric Canberra bomber. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The second prototype was fitted with production avionics, armament and a 7,550 lbf (33. 58 kN) Avon 107 turbojet. It first flew on 5 May 1952. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As a back-up, Hawker was asked to adapt the new fighter to another British axial turbojet. The third prototype with an 8,000 lbf (35. 59 kN) Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire 101 flew on 30 November 1952. This article is about the jet aero-engine for the vehicle see Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire (motor car WikipediaWikiProject Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [1] The two Avon-engined aircraft were duck-egg green in color, while the Sapphire prototype was speed silver.

The Ministry of Supply ordered the Hunter into production in March 1950, a year before the first flight. The Ministry of Supply ( MoS) was a department of the UK Government formed in 1939 to co-ordinate the supply of equipment to all three British armed forces The first production Hunter F 1 with a 7,600 lbf (33. 80 kN) Avon 113 turbojet flew on 16 March 1953. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The first 20 aircraft were, in effect, a pre-production series and featured a number of "one-off" modifications such as blown flaps and area ruled fuselage. Blown flaps are a powered Aerodynamic High-lift device invented by the British on the Wings of certain Aircraft to improve low-speed The Whitcomb area rule, also called the transonic area rule, is a design technique used to reduce an Aircraft 's drag at Transonic and Supersonic On 7 September 1953, a Hawker Hunter F. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 3 flown by Neville Duke broke the world air speed record, achieving 727. Squadron Leader Neville Frederick Duke DSO, OBE, DFC & Two Bars, AFC, FRAeS ( 11 January 1922 – An air speed record is the highest speed attained by an Aircraft of a particular class 63 mph over Littlehampton [1]. Littlehampton is a Seaside resort town and Civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. However, the record stood for less than three weeks before being broken by an RAF Supermarine Swift on 25 September 1953. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Design

The Hunter was a conventional all-metal monoplane. The pilot sat on a Martin-Baker 2H or 3H ejector seat. Martin-Baker Aircraft Co Ltd is a British manufacturer of Aircraft Ejection seats and was a pioneer in their design and manufacture In Aircraft, an ejection seat is a system designed to rescue the pilot or other crew of an aircraft (usually military in an emergency The two seat trainer version used the Mk. 4H ejection seats. The fuselage was of monocoque construction, with a removable rear section for engine maintenance. Monocoque, from the French for single ( mono) and shell ( coque) is a construction technique that supports structural load by using an object's external The engine was fed through triangular air intakes in the wing roots and had a single jetpipe in the rear of the fuselage. The mid-mounted wings had a leading edge sweep of 35 degrees and slight anhedral. Dihedral is the upward angle from horizontal of the wings or tailpane of a Fixed-wing aircraft or the wing of a Bird. The tailplanes and fin were also swept. The controls were completely conventional. A single airbrake was fitted under the ventral rear fuselage. The aircraft had conventional retractable tricycle landing gear. A noteworthy feature of the single seat fighter version was the armament of four 30 mm ADEN cannon. The Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN is a 30 mm Cannon used on many Military aircraft, particularly those of the British Royal Air Force and The cannon and ammunition boxes were contained in a single pack that could be removed from the aircraft for rapid re-arming and maintenance. Interestingly, the barrels of the cannon remained in the aircraft when the pack was removed. In the two seat version, either a single ADEN cannon was carried or, in some export versions, two ADEN cannon, with a removable ammunition tank. A simple Ekco ranging radar was fitted in the nose. Later Marks (Mks) of Hunter had SNEB Pods fitted. These were 68 mm rockets in 18-round Matra pods, giving a strike capability against road convoys and trains.

Operational history

The Hunter F. 1 entered service with the Royal Air Force in July 1954. It quickly became apparent that the new fighter had insufficient fuel capacity. In addition, incorrectly-designed air intakes produced disruptions in air flow to the engine, with resultant compressor stalls. A compressor stall is a situation of abnormal airflow resulting from a stall of the aerofoils within the compressor The engine problems were compounded by ingestion of gas when the cannon were fired, which resulted in flameouts. A flameout refers to the failure of a Jet engine caused by the extinction of the flame in the Combustion chamber. The potential solutions of cutting fuel to the engine when the cannon fired and restricting the use of cannon to low speeds and altitudes were obviously unsatisfactory. The F. 2 produced at the same time which used the Armstrong-Siddeley Sapphire engine did not suffer from flameouts. This article is about the jet aero-engine for the vehicle see Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire (motor car WikipediaWikiProject

Furthermore, ejected cannon ammunition links had a tendency to strike and damage the underside of the fuselage. The original split flap airbrakes caused adverse changes in pitch trim and were quickly replaced by a single ventral airbrake. Unfortunately, this meant the airbrake could not be used for landings. Finally, the canopy suffered from fogging and icing during rapid descents.

Its short range was crippling for the new British fighter, with a maximum flight endurance of about an hour. On 8 February 1956, a flight of eight Hunters was redirected to another airfield due to inclement weather. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Six aircraft ran out of fuel and crashed, with one pilot killed. One of the aircraft that landed ran out of fuel while taxiing. [2] On the positive side, the aircraft possessed good handling characteristics and even the early F. 1 version would exceed sonic speed in a 30°-40° dive at full throttle from 40,000 feet and above with comparatively minor trim changes.

Hawker Hunter at Luftwaffe Museum - Gatow-Berlin
Hawker Hunter at Luftwaffe Museum - Gatow-Berlin

Neil Williams, former British test pilot and once vice world aerobatics champion (who was killed in an accident with a Spanish Heinkel), relates in his book how his repeated attempts to break the sound barrier all failed, even after diving the aircraft in full throttle and "full vertical" from over 35,000 feet but clearly this did not apply to production models.

The first Hunter prototype was fitted with an afterburning Avon RA. The AfterBurner is a lighting solution for the Game Boy Advance system that was created by Triton-Labs 7R with 9,600 lbf (42. 70 kN) of thrust and other aerodynamic refinements (most noticeably a pointed nose). Dubbed Hunter F. 3, on 7 September 1953 it set a speed record of 628. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 1 knots (722. 2 mph, 1,163. 2 km/h) over a 1. 62 nautical mile (1. 86 mile, 3 kilometre) course.

To address the problem of range, a production Hunter F. 1 was fitted with a new wing which featured fuel bladders in the leading edge and "wet" hardpoints. This increased the internal fuel capacity from 337 to 414 imperial gallons (404 to 497 US gal, 1533 to 1833 L). Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 In addition, a single 100 imperial gallon (120 US gal, 454 L) external fuel tank could be carried under each wing. [2] The resulting Hunter F. 4 first flew on 20 October 1954, entering service in March 1955. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) A distinctive Hunter feature added on the F. 4 was the pair of blisters under the nose, which collected spent ammunition links to prevent airframe damage. Crews dubbed them "Sabrinas" after the contemporary movie star. Sabrina (born 19 May, 1936) was a 1950s English glamour model who progressed to a minor movie career The Sapphire-powered version of the F. This article is about the jet aero-engine for the vehicle see Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire (motor car WikipediaWikiProject 4 was designated the Hunter F. 5. Although the Sapphire did not suffer from the flameout problems of the Avon and had better fuel economy, the RAF elected to persevere with the Avon in order to simplify supply and maintenance, since the same engine was also used by the Canberra bomber. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

To deal with surging and flameout problems, Rolls-Royce fitted the Avon with a new automatic fuel system and redesigned compressor. The resulting Avon 203, producing 10,000 lbf (44. 48 kN) of thrust, was fitted to Hawker P. 1099, which became the definitive Hunter F. 6. The other crucial revision on the F. 6 was the new "Mod 228" wing, which had a larger area, a distinctive "dogtooth" leading edge notch to alleviate the pitch-up problem[3], and four "wet" hardpoints, finally giving the aircraft a good ferry range. In Aerodynamics, pitch-up is a severe form of stall. The phenomenon of pitch-up is directly related to inherent properties of all Swept wings Wingtips

The Hunter F. 6 was retired from its fighter role in the RAF in 1963, being replaced by the English Electric Lightning. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The ground attack variants served until 1970. Some aircraft remained in use for training and secondary roles up to the early 1990s.

In December 2006. the Hunter re-entered RAF service with 2 ex-Swiss examples being leased from a private operator to act as targets for a surface to air missile program, and were allocated the RAF serials ZZ190 and ZZ191. This was followed by a two-seat aircraft in April 2007, which reverted to its original RAF serial XF995.

Others

Switzerland and Singapore

Perhaps the most enthusiastic Hunter users were Switzerland and Singapore, who used it from 1958 to 1994, both improving it in service and often choosing to retain it in lieu of newer aircraft.

Former Patrouille Suisse Hawker Hunter F.58A J-4029, at the RCAF Museum, Trenton, Ontario, Canada, c. 2007
Former Patrouille Suisse Hawker Hunter F. The Patrouille Suisse is an aerobatic team of the Swiss Air Force. 58A J-4029, at the RCAF Museum, Trenton, Ontario, Canada, c. 2007

The Swiss AF for some years ran a display team using Hawker Hunter Mk 58s which performed internationally. The aerobatic demonstration team of Swiss Air Force is the Patrouille Suisse, which now flies six Northrop F-5E Tiger II jets. The Swiss Air Force ( Schweizer Luftwaffe, Forces aériennes suisses, Forze Aeree Svizzere) is the air component The Patrouille Suisse is an aerobatic team of the Swiss Air Force. Quite a number of the Hunters in private hands are ex-Swiss AF. Several get together to re-enact those earlier displays.

in Sweden

In the early 1950s, the Swedish Air Force saw the need for an interceptor that could reach enemy bombers at a higher altitude than the J29 that formed the backbone of the fighter force. The Swedish Air Force (Swedish Flygvapnet) is the Air force Branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A contract for 120 Hawker Hunters was therefore signed in 1954 and the first one were delivered in August 1955. The model was designated J 34 and was assigned to the F 8 and F 18 wings that defended Stockholm. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the The J 34 was armed with four 30 mm cannons and two Sidewinders. The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range Air-to-air missile carried by Fighter aircraft and recently certain gunship helicopters The Swedish Air Force's aerobatic team Acro Hunters used five J 34s during the late 1950s. The Swedish Air Force (Swedish Flygvapnet) is the Air force Branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. The J 34s were gradually replaced by supersonic J 35 Draken and re-assigned to less prominent air wings, F 9 in Gothenburg and F 10 in Ängelholm, during the 1960s. The Saab 35 Draken ( Swedish: "kite" or "dragon" is a Fighter aircraft manufactured by Saab between 1955 and 1974 The last ones were retired in 1969.

A project to improve the performance of the J 34 by installing a Swedish-designed afterburner proved successful in 1958. However, the cost turned out to be prohibitive so the project was shelved without implementation.

Combat history

Middle East

During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Hunters of No. 1 and No. 34 Squadrons based at RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus flew escort for English Electric Canberra bombers on bombing missions into Egypt for just one day before being put on local air defence due to their lack of range. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh No 1 (F Squadron is a Squadron of the Royal Air Force. It currently operates the Harrier GR7 from RAF Cottesmore. No 34 Squadron RAF was a Squadron of the Royal Air Force. During the First World War it operated as a reconnaissance Royal Air Force Station Akrotiri, more commonly known as RAF Akrotiri, is a large Royal Air Force station and military Airbase Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

In 1967 during the Six-Day War, Hunters of the Iraqi air force gave a good account of themselves. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt Some missions were also flown by the Jordanian AF, but most of the Jordanian Hunters were destroyed on the ground on the first day of the war. A total of 16 were lost in air-to-air battles. Iraqi Hunters flew from Egypt and Syria also but many were lost in combat.

Aden

In Aden in May 1964 Hunter FGA. Aden (ˈeɪdən Arabic: عدن) is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb. 9s and FR. 10s of No. 43 Squadron RAF and No. 8 Squadron RAF were used extensively to good effect during the Radfan campaign against insurgents attempting to overthrow the Federation of South Arabia, predominantly using 3 inch high explosive rockets and 30mm Aden cannon. No 43 Squadron of the Royal Air Force operates the Panavia Tornado F3 from RAF Leuchars No VIII Squadron (8 Sqn of the Royal Air Force operates the Boeing E-3D Sentry from RAF Waddington The Aden Emergency was an insurgency against British crown forces in what is now the country of Yemen on the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Federation of South Arabia ( Arabic: اتحاد الجنوب العربي Ittihad al-Janūb al-‘arabī) was an organization of States under The RP-3 (from Rocket Projectile 3 inch) was a British air to ground Rocket used in the Second World War. Both squadrons continued operations with their Hunters until the UK withdrew from Aden in November 1967.

Brunei Revolt and Borneo Confrontation

During the Brunei Revolt in 1962, the Royal Air Force deployed Hunters over Brunei to provide support for British ground forces. The Brunei Revolt broke out on December 8, 1962 and was led by Yassin Affandi and his armed rebels In one event, several Bruneian and Expatriate hostages were under threat of execution, however several Hunters overflew the rebel compound which prevented any executions from taking place. An expatriate (in abbreviated form expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing In the following Borneo Confrontation, Hunters were deployed along with other RAF aircraft in Borneo and Malaya. Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Federation of Malaya (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu was a federation of 11 states formed on January 31 1948 from the nine Malay states and the British

Chile

Hunters played an important role in the military coup that overthrew the socialist president of Chile, Salvador Allende, on 11 September 1973. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Salvador Isabelino Allende Gossens (June 26 1908 – September 11 1973 was President of Chile from November 1970 until his death during the coup d'état of Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Hunters of Squadron No 7 of the Chilean Air Forces bombarded the presidential palace, Allende's house in Santiago, and radio stations loyal to the government.

Somalia

The regime of Siad Barre used Hunters for indiscriminate bombings during the civil war in Somalia in the late 1980s. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre محمّد سياد بري) (b Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known

Rhodesia

The Rhodesians (now Zimbabwe) used their Hunter FGA. Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election 9s extensively against ZANU/ZAPU insurgents in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, including cross-border strikes. The Zimbabwe African National Union was a militant organization that fought against White minority rule in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African Zimbabwe African People's Union is a defunct militant Communist organization and political party that fought for the National liberation of Zimbabwe from

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe used its Hunters (inherited from the Rhodesian Air Force) to support Laurent Kabila during the Second Congo War and they were supposedly also involved in the fighting in Mozambique. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Laurent-Désiré Kabila ( November 27, 1939 – January 16, 2001) was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War and the Great War of Africa, began in August 1998 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa

Lebanon

The Lebanese Air Force operated Hawker Hunters from 1958. The Lebanese Air Force is the Air force branch of the Lebanese Armed Forces. One was shot down on the first day of the Six-Day War by the Israeli Air Force. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל They were used infrequently during the Lebanese Civil War, flying their last sorties in a period from 1 September to 15 September 1983. The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar)

On 20 August 2007, reports indicated that the Lebanese Armed Forces may restart using them after the conflict with Fatah al Islam militants in the Nahr el-Bared camp north of Tripoli[4]

Further statements have since been made indicating that Lebanon is currently in the process of returning 8 FGA. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The 2007 Lebanon conflict began when fighting broke out between Fatah al-Islam, an Islamist militant organization, and the Lebanese Armed Forces 70 and T. 66C Hunters to airworthy condition for operational combat sorties against guerillas, however the programme has been held up in recent times by lack of certain spares for the aircraft, most notably cartridges for the Martin-Baker ejection seats.

Indo-Pakistan Wars

1965

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Hunters attacked Pakistani armoured units, destroying many Patton tanks. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of Skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between India and Pakistan. M46, M47, M48 and M60 Patton were the United States Army 's principal Main battle The aircraft proved invaluable in a ground attack role, destroying several tanks in the famous Battle of Asal Uttar. The Battle of Asal Uttar ( Hindi: Battle of Fitting Reply) was one of the most decisive battles fought during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It also shot down as many as six F-86 Sabres and other aircraft for the loss of eight Hunters. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The reason for the unimpressive results in the air-to-air combat is attributed to the fact that the Hunters were bomb-laden and operating at extreme ranges. To add to the problems, the Indian Air Force (IAF) did not field any air-to-air guided missiles at that time. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the By comparison the Sabres did carry air-to-air missiles. Another handicap for the IAF was that in comparison the PAF, most of the Indian pilots were newer recruits. Further all IAF fighter pilots relied on the use of unguided rockets, cannons or gunpacks. [5]

1971

Four Hunters of the IAF destroyed dozens of Pakistani T-59 and Sherman tanks in the Battle of Longewala. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Chinese Type 59 (Chinese industrial designation WZ120) Main Battle Tank is a Chinese produced version of the ubiquitous Soviet World War II foreign variants and use Lend-Lease Sherman tanks. The Battle of Longewala December 5 - December 6 1971 was one of the first major engagements in the Western Sector during the The Hunters destroyed nearly 100 different vehicles of the Pakistan Army in the same battle. The Pakistan Army ( Urdu:) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders the security of administered

Hunters were also involved in strategic bombing, attacking oil installations at Karachi on 4 December 1971, and the Mangla Dam the next day, crippling its Hydel power project. Strategic bombing is a Military strategy used in a Total war with the goal of defeating an enemy nation-state by destroying its economic ability to wage war rather (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Mangla Dam ( Urdu: منگلا بند) in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan is the twelfth largest Dam in the world. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water A week later, four Hunters from Jaisalmer carried out rocket attacks on the Sui gas plant in Northern Sindh, setting the plant on fire. This article is about the city of India For historical region and state see also Jaisalmer state Jaisalmer ( Hindi: जैसालमेर nicknamed Dictamnus is a genus of Flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, with a single species Dictamnus albus. Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. In East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh), Hunters along with Canberras, MiGs and An-12s attacked the Joydebpur Ordnance factory and severely damaged it. East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods The Hunters also engaged Pakistan Air Force aircraft in the skies over Dhaka destroying seven F-86 Sabres. Pakistan Air Force ( Urdu: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Faza'ya) ( PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [6][7] Aided by other aircraft of the IAF, the Hunters soon destroyed the eastern wing of PAF and were instrumental in gaining air superiority for the IAF in the 71 war. Air superiority is the dominance in the Air power of one side's air forces over the other side's during a Military campaign. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan.

Variants

Further information: Hawker Hunter/Variants. See also Hawker Hunter The following is a list of Variants of the Hawker Hunter fighter aircraft;P

Operators

Hunter operators
Hunter operators
Main article: List of Hawker Hunter operators

Belgium and Netherlands produced the Hunter under license, through Avions Fairey and Fokker respectively

Civil operators

Smoke from the crashed Hawker Hunter at Hillsboro, Oregon
Smoke from the crashed Hawker Hunter at Hillsboro, Oregon
Hunter Flying Ltd. See also Hawker Hunter The following is a list of units using the Hawker Hunter fighter aircraft Abu Dhabi, officially the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, (إمارة أبو ظبي, literally "Father of Gazelle " is one of seven emirates that The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Singapore Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Avions Fairey was the Belgian-based subsidiary of the British Fairey Aviation that built Fairey aircraft designs for the Belgian government Fokker was a Dutch Aircraft manufacturer named after its founder Anthony Fokker.
Delta Jets
Robert Guilford
Thunder City

A total of seven Hunters are based at Thunder City at Cape Town International Airport in South Africa:

The latter two aircraft belong to Johannesburg lawyer Ron Wheeldon. [13]

Northern Lights Combat Air Support

This company, based in Quebec City, Canada, owns and operates 12 Hunters (mainly ex-Swiss F-58 variants) for a range of military co-operation duties such as FAC training, radar calibration, radar target facilities and missile simulation. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page [14]

Survivors

There are a large number of surviving Hunters in private and museum collections. [15]

Specifications (Hunter F 6)

Data from The Great Book of Fighters[16]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

Avionics

See also


Comparable aircraft

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Jackson 1982, p. EKCO from Eric Kirkham Cole Limited was a British Electronics company producing Radio and Television sets from 1924 Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships The Hawker Hunter Tower Bridge incident occurred 1968 - the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Royal Air Force. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout 11
  2. ^ a b Goebel, Greg. ''The Hawker Hunter. Air Vectors, 1 June 2005. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved: 12 May 2006. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^ The notch prevented spanwise flow of air
  4. ^ Helicopter bombs
  5. ^ Thunder and Lightnings
  6. ^ Pakistan
  7. ^ Globalsecurity.org
  8. ^ Hunter Flying
  9. ^ Delta Jets
  10. ^ Robert Guilford
  11. ^ King, Connie. "Authorities release details of crash and house fires." Hillsboro Fire Department Windows Media File. Retrieved: 16 July 2006. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  12. ^ Callaway, Steve. "Authorities release details of crash and house fires." Oregon Air Show Windows Media File. Retrieved: 16 July 2006. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  13. ^ Thundercity.com Thunder City
  14. ^ Northern Lights Combat Air Support
  15. ^ Listing at Thunder and Lightnings Retrieved: 26 September 2007
  16. ^ Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Great Book of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1194-3.

Bibliography

External links

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