Hawaiian Pidgin - Citizendia

Hawai'i Creole English
Spoken in:	US
Total speakers:	600 000
Language family:	Creole language English Creole Pacific Hawai'i Creole English
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	`none`
ISO 639-3:	`hwc`

Hawaiʻi Pidgin English, Hawaiʻi Creole English, HCE, or simply Pidgin, is a creole language based in part on English used by most "local" residents of Hawaiʻi. List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. An English-based creole language, or English creole for short is a Creole language that was significantly influenced by the English language. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Although English and Hawaiian are the co-official languages of the State of Hawaiʻi^[1], Pidgin is used by many Hawaiʻi residents in everyday conversation and is often used in advertising toward Hawaiʻi residents. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory The new ISO/DIS 639-3 language code for Hawaiʻi Pidgin (Hawaiʻi Creole English) is hwc. ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages ^[2]

1 History
2 Pronunciation
3 Grammatical Features
4 Literature and performing arts
5 Miscellaneous
6 See also
7 External links
8 References
9 Further reading
10 Notes

History

Pidgin (or Hawaiʻi Creole) originated as a form of communication used between English speaking residents and non-English speaking immigrants in Hawaiʻi. ^[3] It supplanted the pidgin Hawaiian used on the plantations and elsewhere in Hawaiʻi. A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical It has been influenced by many languages, including Portuguese, Hawaiian, and Cantonese. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. As people of other language backgrounds were brought in to work on the plantations, such as Japanese, Filipinos, and Koreans, Pidgin acquired words from these languages. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. Japanese loanwords in Hawaiʻi lists some of those words originally from Japanese. Many Loanwords in Hawaiian Pidgin (or Hawaiian Creole English derive from the Japanese language. It has also been influenced to a lesser degree by Spanish spoken by Mexican and Puerto Rican settlers in Hawaiʻi. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A Puerto Rican ('puertorriqueño' ( Taíno term boricua) is a person who was born in Puerto Rico.

Even today, Pidgin retains some influences from these languages. For example, the word "stay" in Pidgin has the same meaning as the Portuguese verb "ficar", meaning "to stay" when referring to a temporary state or location. Sometimes the structure of the language is like that of Portuguese grammar. For instance, "You like one knife?" means "Would you like a knife?". The reason the word "one" is used instead of "a" is because the word "um" in Portuguese has two meanings: "um" translates to "one" and "a" in English. The way people use the phrase "No can" is Portuguese grammar, as well. In Portuguese, the phrase "Você não pode fazer isto!" comes out in Pidgin as "You no can do dat!", and in English as "You cannot do that!".

Pidgin words derived from Cantonese are also seen in other parts of America. For example, the word "Haa?" is also used by Chinese Americans outside of Hawaiʻi. The meaning is "Excuse me?" or "What did you say?". Another word is "chop suey", a popular dish throughout America. Chop suey ( Chinese 'mixed pieces' is an American-Chinese dish consisting of meats (often chicken beef shrimp or pork cooked quickly with vegetables such as In Hawaiʻi, it can also mean that someone is a variety of ethnicities. Another word in pidgin that was derived from the Chinese which is also seen in America is "lie dat", which means "like that" but in Hawaii it is pronounced "la'dat".

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Pidgin started to be used outside the plantation between ethnic groups. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Public school children learned Pidgin from their classmates, and eventually it became the primary language of most people in Hawaiʻi, replacing the original languages. For this reason, linguists generally consider Hawaiian Pidgin to be a creole language. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin.

Pronunciation

Pidgin has distinct pronunciation differences from standard American English (SAE). Some key differences include the following:

Pidgin's general rhythm is syllable-timed, meaning syllables take up roughly the same amount of time with roughly the same amount of stress. Language timing is the rhythmic quality of a particular type of speech in particular how Syllables are distributed across time Standard American English is stress-timed, meaning that only stressed syllables are evenly timed. Language timing is the rhythmic quality of a particular type of speech in particular how Syllables are distributed across time Some Western languages, including English, are stress-timed, while most Romance and East Asian languages are syllable timed. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all East Asian languages describe two notional groupings of languages in East and Southeast Asia: Languages which have been greatly influenced by Many pronunciation features are shared with other colloquial language forms or pidgins/creoles from other parts of the world. A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade Even when a person is speaking Standard English, they will tend to pronounce syllables in the same manner, and this is often considered as having a "local" or "Hawaiian" accent.
The voiced and unvoiced th sounds are replaced by d or t respectively—that is, changed from a fricative to a plosive (stop). Voice or voicing is a term used in Phonetics and Phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless Voice or voicing is a term used in Phonetics and Phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless Fricatives are Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. For instance, that (voiced th) becomes dat, and think (unvoiced th) becomes tink.
The sound l at the end of a word is often pronounced o or ol. For instance, mental is often pronounced mento; people is pronounced peepo.
Pidgin is non-rhotic. English pronunciation is divided into two main accent groups the rhotic (ˈroʊtɪk and non-rhotic, depending on when the sound typically represented That is, r after a vowel is often omitted, similar to many dialects, such as Eastern New England, Australian English, and English English variants. The Boston accent is found not only in the city of Boston Massachusetts itself but also much of eastern Massachusetts Australian English ( AuE, AusE, en-AU) is the form of the English language used in Australia. English language in England refers to the English language as spoken in England, part of the United Kingdom. For instance, car is often pronounced cah, and letter is pronounced letta. Intrusive r is also used. Linking R and intrusive R are phonological phenomena that occur in many non- rhotic dialects of English. The number of Hawaiian Pidgin speakers with rhotic English has also been increasing.
Falling intonation is used at the end of questions. In Linguistics, intonation is variation of pitch whilst speaking which is not used to distinguish words This feature appears to be from Hawaiian, and is shared with some other languages, including Fijian. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical Fijian is an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken in Fiji.

Grammatical Features

Pidgin also has distinct grammatical forms not found in SAE, but some of which are shared with other dialectal forms of English or may derive from other linguistic influences.

Forms used for SAE "to be":

Generally, forms of English "to be" (i. e. the copula) are omitted when referring to inherent qualities of an object or person, forming in essence a stative verb form. A stative verb is one which asserts that one of its arguments has a particular property (possibly in relation to its other arguments Additionally, inverted sentence order may be used for emphasis. (Many East Asian languages use stative verbs instead of the copula-adjective construction of English and other Western languages. In Grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a Noun or Pronoun, giving more information about the )

Da baby cute. (or) Cute, da baby.

The baby is cute.

When the verb "to be" refers to a temporary state or location, the word stay is used (see above).

Da book stay on top da table.

The book is on the table.

Da water stay cold.

The water is cold.

For tense-marking of verb, auxiliary verbs are employed:

To express past tense, Pidgin uses wen (went) in front of the verb. For English usage of verbs see the wiki article English verbs. In Linguistics, an auxiliary (also called helping verb, helper verb, auxiliary verb, or verbal auxiliary) is a Verb functioning

Jesus wen cry. (DJB, John 11:35)

Jesus cried.

To express future tense, Pidgin uses goin (going) in front of the verb, a declaratory word or verbum dicendi, common in many forms of slang American English. A verbum dicendi is a Word that expresses speech or introduces a Quotation, such as "say" "utter" "ask" or "mumble" A verbum dicendi is a Word that expresses speech or introduces a Quotation, such as "say" "utter" "ask" or "mumble" Slang is the use of highly informal Words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's Dialect or Language.

God goin do plenny good kine stuff fo him. (DJB, Mark 11:9)

God is going to do a lot of good things for him.

To express past tense negative, Pidgin uses neva (never). Neva can also mean "never" as in normal English usage; context sometimes, but not always, makes the meaning clear.

He neva like dat.

He didn't want that. (or) He never wanted that.

Use of fo (for) in place of the infinitive particle "to". Cf. dialectal form "Going for to carry me home. "

I tryin fo tink.

I try fo tink. "

I'm trying to think.

Popular phrases:

A variety of phrases are present in the language of local Hawaiians, including:

"Ho, cuz, I like sample" translates to "Could I have some?"

"You like try dat?" = "Do you want to try it?"

"No can" = "I can't"

For more information on grammar, also see Sakoda & Siegel (References, below) and the Pidgin Coup paper (External links, below).

Literature and performing arts

In recent years, writers from Hawaiʻi have written poems, short stories, and other works in Pidgin. This list included well-known Hawaiʻi authors such as Kent Bowman, James Grant Benton, Lois-Ann Yamanaka and Lee Tonouchi. Lois-Ann Yamanaka (born September 7, 1961 in Hoʻolehua Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi) is a Japanese-American poet and novelist from Hawaii Lee Tonouchi is a Hawaiʻi born writer and editor sometimes referred to as the " Pidgin Guerilla" because of his strong advocacy of Pidgin A Pidgin translation of the New Testament (called Da Jesus Book) has also been created, as has an adaptation of William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, or What You Will, titled in Pidgin "Twelf' Night, or Whateva. William Shakespeare ( baptised Twelfth Night Or What You Will is a Comedy by William Shakespeare, based on the Short story "Of Apolonius and Silla" by "

Several theater companies in Hawaiʻi produce plays written and performed in Pidgin. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one The most notable of these companies is Kumu Kahua Theater. Kumu Kahua Theatre is a community theatre located in the city of Honolulu on the island of O'ahu in the state of Hawai'i.

Miscellaneous

Pidgin has its own sign language, called Hawaiian Pidgin Sign Language. A sign language (also signed language) is a Language which instead of acoustically conveyed Sound patterns uses visually transmitted sign patterns Hawaii Pidgin Sign Language is a Sign language used in Hawaii. Most users of Hawaiian Pidgin Sign Language are between the ages of 70 and 90. Ethnologue lists it as "nearly extinct," as most deaf people in Hawaiʻi use American Sign Language with some local signs. American Sign Language (or ASL Ameslan is the dominant Sign language of the Deaf community in the United States, in the English-speaking parts ^[4]

External links

e-Hawaii.com Searchable Pidgin English Dictionary
The Charlene Sato Center for Pidgin, Creole and Dialect Studies, a center devoted to pidgin, creole, and dialect studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Hawaiʻi. "Da kine" is a word in Hawaiian Pidgin, derived from "the kind" that usually functions grammatically as a Placeholder name (compare Also home of the Pidgin Coup, a group of academics and community members interested in Hawaiʻi Pidgin related research and education
Position Paper on Pidgin by the "Pidgin Coup"
Da Hawaiʻi Pidgin Bible (see Da Jesus Book below)
Da Kine Dictionary, a project to create a Pidgin dictionary
The Simple Voice, Hawaii pidgin poetry and commentary
"Liddo Bitta Tita" Hawaiian Pidgin column written by Tita, alter-ego of Kathy Collins. Maui No Ka 'Oi Magazine Vol. Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine is a Bi-monthly regional Magazine published by the Haynes Publishing Group in Wailuku Hawaii. 12 No. 1 (Jan. 2008).
"Liddo Bitta Tita" audio file

References

Da Jesus Book (2000). Orlando: Wycliffe Bible Translators. ISBN 0-938978-21-7.
Sakoda, Kent & Jeff Siegel (2003). Pidgin Grammar: An Introduction to the Creole Language of Hawaiʻi. Honolulu: Bess Press. Bess Press is a Hawaii -based Publisher that issues various books on Hawaiian and Pacific history and culture ISBN 1-57306-169-7.
Simonson, Douglas et al. (1981). Pidgin to da Max. Honolulu: Bess Press. Bess Press is a Hawaii -based Publisher that issues various books on Hawaiian and Pacific history and culture ISBN 0-935848-41-X.
Tonouchi, Lee (2001). Da Word. Honolulu: Bamboo Ridge Press. Bamboo Ridge (in full Bamboo Ridge Journal of Hawai'i Literature and Arts) is a Hawaii-based literary journal and press founded in 1978 by Eric Chock and Darrell ISBN 0-910043-61-2.

Notes

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