Haute couture (French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking"; pronounced [oːt kuˈtyʁ]) refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted fashions. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people It originally referred to Englishman Charles Frederick Worth's work, produced in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century. Charles Frederick Worth ( October 13, 1825 &ndash March 10, 1895) widely considered the Father of Haute Couture, was an English In modern France, haute couture is a "protected name" that can be used only by firms that meet certain well-defined standards. However, the term is also used loosely to describe all high-fashion custom-fitted clothing, whether it is produced in Paris or in other fashion capitals such as Milan, London, Rome, New York and Tokyo. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Haute couture is made to order for a specific customer, and it is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques.
The term can refer to:
- the fashion houses or fashion designers that create exclusive and often trend-setting fashions
- the fashions created
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Legal status
In France, the term haute couture is protected by law and is defined by the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Paris based in Paris, France. Fashion design is the Applied art dedicated to Clothing and lifestyle Accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Their rules state that only "those companies mentioned on the list drawn up each year by a commission domiciled at the Ministry for Industry are entitled to avail themselves" of the label haute couture. The criteria for haute couture were established in 1945 and updated in 1992.
To earn the right to call itself a couture house and to use the term haute couture in its advertising and any other way, members of the Chambre syndicale de la haute couture must follow these rules:
- Design made-to-order for private clients, with one or more fittings. The Fédération française de la couture du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode (French Federation of Fashion and of Ready-to-Wear of Couturiers and Fashion Designers
- Have a workshop (atelier) in Paris that employs at least fifteen people full-time.
- Each season (i. e. , twice a year), present a collection to the Paris press, comprising at least thirty-five runs with outfits for both daytime wear and evening wear.
However, the term haute couture has been misused by successive ready-to-wear brands and high street labels since the late 1980s so that its true meaning has become blurred with that of prêt-à-porter (the French term for ready-to-wear fashion) in the public perception. "Prêt-à-Porter" redirects here For the movie Prêt-à-Porter (English title Ready to Wear) see Prêt-à-Porter (film. Every haute couture house also markets prêt-à-porter collections, which typically deliver a higher return on investment than their custom clothing. In Finance, rate of return ( ROR) also known as return on investment ( ROI) rate of profit or sometimes just return, is In fact, much of the haute couture displayed at fashion shows today is rarely sold; it is created to enhance the prestige of the house. Falling revenues have forced a few couture houses to abandon their less profitable couture division and concentrate solely on the less prestigious prêt-à-porter. These houses, such as Italian designer Antonio Capucci, all of whom have their workshops in Italy, are no longer considered haute couture.
Many top designer fashion houses, such as Chanel, use the word for some of their special collections. These collection are often not for sale or they are very difficult to purchase.
Members of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture
As of the 2008 Spring/Summer Haute Couture Fashion Week. Andre Leon Talley by David Shankbonejpg|200px|thumb| Vogue editors Anna Wintour and André Leon Talley during New York Fashion Week]]A fashion week is a [1]
| Official members
Adeline André |
Correspondent members (foreign)
Elie Saab |
Guest members
Alexis Mabille |
Former members
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Atelier Versace |
Jean Patou |
Nina Ricci |
There is a difference between haute couture and just couture. Gianni Versace SpA (ˈdʒɑnːi verˈsatʃe usually referred to as Versace, is an Italian clothier founded by Gianni Versace in 1978 Elsa Schiaparelli (10 September 1890 – 13 November 1973 was an influential Italian Fashion designer. Emilio Pucci, Marchese di Barsento ( November 20 1914 &ndash 29 November 1992) was an Italian fashion designer and politician Guy Laroche was a French Fashion designer ( July 16, 1921 in La Rochelle, France – February 17, 1989 Hanae Mori (森 英恵 Mori Hanae, born January 8, 1926) is one of the most prominent and respectable Fashion designers in Japan. Jean Patou ( August 19, 1880 - March 8, 1936) was a French Fashion designer. Jeanne Lanvin (b Jeanne-Marie Lanvin Paris, January 1 1867 –d Loris Azzaro ( February 9, 1933 - November 20, 2003) was a French Fashion designer. Louis Féraud ( 13 February 1921 - December 28, 1999) was a French Fashion designer and Artist. Mainbocher (1891–1976 (born Main Rousseau Bocher) was an American couturier who operated Fashion houses in Paris and later Rochas is a fashion, beauty, and Perfume house founded in 1925 The company found recent recognition for its Fashion design when it chose The house of Nina Ricci is a fashion house that was founded by Maria "Nina" Ricci and her son Robert in Paris in 1932 Paco Rabanne, (born Francisco Rabaneda Cuervo on February 18 1934 in San Sebastián (Donostia in Basque) in the Spanish Basque Pierre Alexandre Claudius Balmain (b St Jean de Maurienne France May 18, 1914 &ndash Paris France June 29, 1982) was a French Pierre Cardin is an Italian -born French Fashion designer, who was born on July 7, 1922, near Treviso. Chado Ralph Rucci is a high-end clothing line designed by Ralph Rucci, the first American fashion designer to receive an invitation to the Paris Haute couture show Yves Saint Laurent is a luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner Pierre Bergé. Paris no longer holds a monopoly on this term. There are many designers around the world in countries such as Lebanon, Russia, Romania and the USA creating couture. Many designers present their collections at event such as Couture Fashion Week in New York.
History
French leadership in European fashion may perhaps be dated from the 18th century, when the art, architecture, music, and fashions of the French court at Versailles were imitated across Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region Visitors to Paris brought back clothing that was then copied by local dressmakers. Stylish women also ordered fashion dolls dressed in the latest Parisian fashion to serve as models.
As railroads and steamships made European travel easier, it was increasingly common for wealthy women to travel to Paris to shop for clothing and accessories. French fitters and seamstresses were commonly thought to be the best in Europe, and real Parisian garments were considered better than local imitations. Sewing or stitching is the fastening of Cloth, Leather, Furs Bark, or other flexible materials using needle and
The couturier Charles Frederick Worth (October 13, 1826–March 10, 1895), is widely considered the father of haute couture as it is known today. Charles Frederick Worth ( October 13, 1825 &ndash March 10, 1895) widely considered the Father of Haute Couture, was an English Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Although born in Bourne, Lincolnshire, England, Worth made his mark in the French fashion industry. Bourne is a Market town on the western edge of the Fens, in southern Lincolnshire, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland While he created one-of-a-kind designs to please some of his titled or wealthy customers, he is best known for preparing a portfolio of designs that were shown on live models at the House of Worth. Clients selected one model, specified colors and fabrics, and had a duplicate garment tailor-made in Worth's workshop. Worth combined individual tailoring with a standardization more characteristic of the ready-to-wear clothing industry, which was also developing during this period.
Following in Worth's footsteps were Callot Soeurs, Patou, Poiret, Vionnet, Fortuny, Lanvin, Chanel, Mainbocher, Schiaparelli, Balenciaga, and Dior. Callot Soeurs was a Fashion design house opened in 1895 at 24 rue Taitbout in Paris France. Jean Patou ( August 19, 1880 - March 8, 1936) was a French Fashion designer. Paul Poiret ( 20 April 1879, Paris, France - 30 April 1944, Paris was a French Fashion designer. Madeleine Vionnet ( June 22, 1876 - March 2, 1975) was a French Fashion designer. Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo,( May 11, 1871 - May 3, 1949) son of the painter Mariano Fortuny y Marsal, was a Spanish fashion designer Jeanne Lanvin (b Jeanne-Marie Lanvin Paris, January 1 1867 –d Chanel SA ʃəˈnɛɫ) is a Parisian fashion house created by Coco Chanel. Mainbocher (1891–1976 (born Main Rousseau Bocher) was an American couturier who operated Fashion houses in Paris and later Elsa Schiaparelli (10 September 1890 – 13 November 1973 was an influential Italian Fashion designer. Balenciaga is a fashion house founded by Cristóbal Balenciaga, a Spanish designer, born in the Basque Country. Christian Dior ( January 21, 1905 &ndash October 23, 1957) was an influential French Fashion designer, best known as the Some of these fashion houses still exist today, under the leadership of modern designers.
In the 1960s a group of young designers who had trained under men like Dior and Balenciaga left these established couture houses and opened their own establishments. The most successful of these young designers were Yves Saint Laurent, Pierre Cardin, André Courrèges, and Emanuel Ungaro. Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent, known as Yves Saint Laurent ( August 1 1936 &ndash June 1 2008) was an Algerian Pierre Cardin is an Italian -born French Fashion designer, who was born on July 7, 1922, near Treviso. André Courrèges (born in 1923 in Pau) is a French Fashion designer, known for his ultra-modern designs Emanuel (Maffeolit Ungaro (born 1933 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French Fashion designer. Japanese native and Paris-based Hanae Mori, a woman, was also successful in establishing her own line. Hanae Mori (森 英恵 Mori Hanae, born January 8, 1926) is one of the most prominent and respectable Fashion designers in Japan.
Lacroix is perhaps the most successful of the fashion houses to have been started in the last decade. Christian Marie Marc Lacroix ( May 16 1951 in Trinquetaille, France) is a high-end French Fashion designer. Other new houses are Jean-Paul Gaultier, John Bator and Thierry Mugler. Jean-Paul Gaultier (born April 24 1952, in Arcueil, Val-de-Marne) is a French Fashion designer and past television Thierry Mugler, born 1948 in Strasbourg France is a Fashion designer, photographer, and creator of a Fashion design company of the same
For all these fashion houses, custom clothing is no longer the main source of income, often costing much more than it earns through direct sales; it only adds the aura of fashion to their ventures in ready-to-wear clothing and related luxury products such as shoes and perfumes, and licensing ventures that earn greater returns for the company. "Prêt-à-Porter" redirects here For the movie Prêt-à-Porter (English title Ready to Wear) see Prêt-à-Porter (film. In Economics, a luxury good is a good for which Demand increases more than proportionally as income rises in contrast to a "necessity good" A shoe is an item of Footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple Flip-flop to a complex Boot. Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living The verb license or grant license means to give permission The noun license is the document demonstrating that permission Excessive commercialization and profit-making can be damaging, however. Cardin, for example, licensed with abandon in the 1980s and his name lost most of its fashionable cachet when anyone could buy Cardin luggage at a discount store.
The 1960s also featured a revolt against established fashion standards by mods, rockers, and hippies, as well as an increasing internationalization of the fashion scene. Mod (originally modernist, sometimes capitalised is a Subculture that originated in London in the late 1950s and peaked in the early to mid 1960s The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Jet travel had spawned a jet set that partied—and shopped—just as happily in New York as in Paris. Jet Set was a Television programme in the UK It was presented by Eamonn Holmes, and it first started in 2001, on BBC television channel Rich women no longer felt that a Paris dress was necessarily better than one sewn elsewhere. While Paris is still pre-eminent in the fashion world, it is no longer the sole arbiter of fashion.
See also
- Fédération française de la couture
- Fashion designer
- Fashion Week
- Designer label
- Luxury brand
- List of grands couturiers
- Business cluster
- Maite Dalila
References
- ^ Haute Couture Spring/Summer 2008 Fashion Shows Schedule. The Fédération française de la couture du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode (French Federation of Fashion and of Ready-to-Wear of Couturiers and Fashion Designers Fashion design is the Applied art dedicated to Clothing and lifestyle Accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time Andre Leon Talley by David Shankbonejpg|200px|thumb| Vogue editors Anna Wintour and André Leon Talley during New York Fashion Week]]A fashion week is a The term designer label refers to clothing and other personal accessory items sold under an often prestigious marquee which is commonly named after a designer In Economics, a luxury good is a good for which Demand increases more than proportionally as income rises in contrast to a "necessity good" A grand couturier is a fashion designer who holds significant influence in the fashion industry A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected Businesses suppliers and associated institutions in a particular field Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
External links
- Introduction in Haute Couture
- "Haute Couture" from Label France, a magazine of the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs
- Haute Couture at the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Timeline of Art History
- The Golden Age of Couture. Victoria and Albert Museum. The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- Interactive timeline of couture houses and couturier biographies. Victoria and Albert Museum. The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection
- Fédération française de la couture
References
Dictionary
haute couture
-noun
- A common term for high fashion as produced in Paris and imitated in other fashion capitals such as New York, London, and Milan.
- The fashion houses or fashion designers that create exclusive and often trend-setting fashions
- Any unique stylish design made to order for wealthy and high-status clients.
- French fashion
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