Hattie McDaniel
Born	June 10, 1895 Wichita, Kansas
Died	October 26, 1952 (aged 57) Woodland Hills, California,
Spouse(s)	George Langford (1922) Howard Hickman (1938) James Lloyd Crawford (1941-1945) Larry Williams (1949-1950)

Hattie McDaniel (June 10, 1895 – October 26, 1952) was an American actress and the first black performer to win an Academy Award. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Woodland Hills is a district in the City of Los Angeles, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. She won the award for Best Supporting Actress for her role of Mammy in Gone with the Wind (1939). Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American dramatic - romantic - War film adapted from Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 The year 1939 in film involved some significant events Events Movie historians and film buffs often look back on the year 1939 as "the

McDaniel was also a professional singer-songwriter, comedienne, stage actress, radio performer and television star. Hattie McDaniel was in fact the first black woman to sing on the radio in America. ^[1][2] Over the course of her career, McDaniel appeared in over 300 films, although she only received screen credits for about 80. She gained the respect of the African American show business community with her generosity, elegance and charm. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa

McDaniel has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Hollywood: one for her contributions to radio at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard, and one for motion pictures at 1719 Vine Street. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a Sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood Los Angeles California, USA, that In 1975, she was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, and in 2006 became the first black Oscar winner honored with a US postage stamp. The Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame Inc (BFHFI was founded in 1973 Oakland California, United States. This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the United States of America (USA. ^[3]

Contents 1 Background and early acting career 1.1 Oscar night 2 Later acting career 3 Off-camera 3.1 Legal case: Victory on "Sugar Hill" 3.2 Community service 3.3 Marriages 4 Death 4.1 Will 5 Legacy and recognition 6 Filmography 6.1 Features 6.2 Short subjects 7 Radio 8 See also 9 Footnotes 10 References 11 External links

Background and early acting career

Hattie McDaniel was born June 10, 1895, in Wichita, Kansas, to former slaves and Civil War soldier Henry McDaniel and Susan Holbert, a singer of religious music. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South ^[4] She was the youngest of thirteen children. In 1900, the family moved to Colorado, living first in Fort Collins and then in Denver, where Hattie grew up. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The City of Fort Collins, a Home Rule Municipality situated on the Cache la Poudre River along the Colorado Front Range, is the County seat The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States McDaniel dropped out of East Denver High School after her sophomore year to enter show business. Sophomore is a term used to describe a second effort instance or release She toured with her father's own Henry McDaniel minstrel, which costarred her two brothers, Sam and Otis. The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits variety acts dancing, and Music, In 1910, she was the only African American participant in a Women's Christian Temperance Union event in which she won a gold medal for reciting a poem entitled Convict Joe. Winning the award was what started and sparked her dream of becoming a performer.

In addition to performing, Hattie was also a songwriter, a skill she honed while working with her father's minstrel show. After the death of her brother, Otis, in 1916, the family's minstrel group began to lose momentum, and it wasn't until 1920 that Hattie received another big opportunity. During 1920–25, she appeared with Professor George Morrison's Melony Hounds, a touring black ensemble, and in the mid-1920s she embarked on a radio career, singing with the Melony Hounds on station KOA in Denver. KOA (850 AM) ("NewsRadio 850 KOA" is a Clear channel, news/talk Radio station serving the Denver Colorado market ^[5] In 1927–1929 she also recorded many of her songs on Okeh Records,^[6] and with Paramount Records^[7] in Chicago. Okeh Records began as an Independent record label based in the United States of America in Paramount Records was an American Record label, best known for its recordings of African-American Jazz and Blues in the 1920s and

When the stock market crashed in 1929, the only work McDaniel could find was as a washroom attendant at Club Madrid in Milwaukee. The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the ’29 Crash, the Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of October 1929 Despite the owner's reluctance to let her perform, McDaniel was eventually allowed to take the stage, and became a regular.

In 1931, McDaniel made her way to Los Angeles to join her brother Sam,^[8] sisters Etta^[9] and Orlena. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West When she could not get film work, she took jobs as a maid or cook. Sam was working on KNX radio program called The Optimistic Do-Nut Hour, and he was able to get his sister a spot. KNX (1070 kHz is an all-news radio station in Los Angeles California, USA She appeared on radio as 'Hi-Hat Hattie', a bossy maid who often "forgets her place". Her show became extremely popular, but her salary was so low that she had to continue working as a maid. Her first film appearance was in The Golden West (1932), as a maid, her second, was in the highly successful Mae West film, I'm No Angel, as one of the plump black maids West camped it up with backstage at West's circus perrformances. Mae West (August 17 1893 &ndash November 22 1980 was an American actress, Playwright, Screenwriter, and Sex symbol. I'm No Angel ( 1933) is Mae West's third motion picture Mae West received sole story and screenplay credit Mae West (August 17 1893 &ndash November 22 1980 was an American actress, Playwright, Screenwriter, and Sex symbol. In the early years of the 1930s she received roles in several films, often singing in choruses. In 1934, McDaniel joined the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), and began to attract attention and finally landed larger film roles that began to win her screen credits. The Screen Actors Guild ( SAG) is an American labor union representing over 120000 Film and television principal performers and background Fox Film Corporation put her under contract to appear in The Little Colonel (1935), with Shirley Temple, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, and Lionel Barrymore. The Little Colonel is a 1935 movie starring Shirley Temple, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, Lionel Barrymore and the Academy-Award Shirley Jane Temple (born April 23, 1928) is an Academy Award -winning Actress and Tap dancer, most famous for being an iconic Bill "Bojangles" Robinson ( May 25, 1878 – November 25, 1949) was a pre-eminent African-American tap dancer Lionel Barrymore ( April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American Academy Award -winning actor of stage radio

1934's Judge Priest, directed by John Ford and starring Will Rogers, was the first film in which she would receive a major role. This page is about the humorist for others with similar names see William Rogers. She had a leading part in the film and demonstrated her singing talent, including a duet with Rogers. McDaniel and Rogers became friends during filming. McDaniel had prominent roles in 1935 with her classic performance as a slovenly maid in RKO Pictures' Alice Adams, and a delightfully comic part as Jean Harlow's maid/traveling companion in MGM's China Seas, the latter her first film with Clark Gable. Alice Adams, also known as Booth Tarkington's Alice Adams, is a 1935 Romantic film Remake made by RKO. Jean Harlow ( March 3, &ndash June 7,) was an American Film Actress and Sex symbol of the 1930s China Seas is a 1935 Adventure film starring Clark Gable as a brave sea captain Jean Harlow as an onboard floozy and Wallace Clark Gable (February 1 &ndashNovember 16) was an iconic American Actor nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday She had a featured role as Queenie in Universal Pictures' 1936 version of Show Boat starring Irene Dunne, and sang a verse of Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man with Helen Morgan, Paul Robeson, and the African-American chorus. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American Show Boat ( 1936) is a film based on the musical by Jerome Kern (music and Oscar Hammerstein II (script and lyrics and Irene Dunne ( December 20, 1898 - September 4, 1990) was a five-time Academy Award -nominated American film actress and " Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man " with music by Jerome Kern, and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, is one of the most famous songs from their classic 1927 Musical Helen Morgan (August 2 1900 – October 9 1941 was an American singer and actress who worked in films and on the stage Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson ( April 9, 1898 &ndash January 23, 1976) was a multi-lingual American Actor, athlete Later in the film she and Robeson sang I Still Suits Me, a song written especially by Kern and Hammerstein for the film. Jerome David Kern ( January 27, 1885 &ndash November 11, 1945) was an American Composer of popular music Oscar Hammerstein II (ˈhæmɚstaɪn (born Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein) ( July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960) was After Show Boat she had major roles in MGM's Saratoga (1937), starring Jean Harlow and Clark Gable, The Shopworn Angel (1938) with Margaret Sullavan, and The Mad Miss Manton (1938), starring Barbara Stanwyck and Henry Fonda. Saratoga is a 1937 film written by Anita Loos and directed by Jack Conway. Jean Harlow ( March 3, &ndash June 7,) was an American Film Actress and Sex symbol of the 1930s The Shopworn Angel is a 1938 American Drama film directed by H Margaret Brooke Sullavan ( May 16, 1909 – January 1, 1960) was an Academy Barbara Stanwyck ( July 16, &ndash January 20,) was an American actress, a star of film and television known during her 60-year career as a Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American Academy Award -winning Film and

McDaniel had befriended several of Hollywood's most popular white stars, including Joan Crawford, Bette Davis, Shirley Temple, Henry Fonda, Ronald Reagan, Olivia de Havilland and Clark Gable, with whom she would star in Gone with the Wind. Joan Crawford (born Lucille Fay LeSueur; ( March 23, 1905 - May 10, 1977) Crawford was signed to a motion picture Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis (April 5 1908 – October 6 1989 was an American actress of Film, Television and Theatre. Shirley Jane Temple (born April 23, 1928) is an Academy Award -winning Actress and Tap dancer, most famous for being an iconic Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American Academy Award -winning Film and Olivia Mary de Havilland (born July 1, 1916) is a two-time Academy Award -winning actress. Clark Gable (February 1 &ndashNovember 16) was an iconic American Actor nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American dramatic - romantic - War film adapted from Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 It was around this time that she began to be criticized by members of the black community for roles she was choosing to take. 1935's The Little Colonel depicted black servants longing for a return to the Old South. This article is about Old South and the geographical historical and cultural implications of the phrase Ironically, McDaniel's portrayal of Malena in RKO Pictures' Alice Adams angered white Southern audiences. Alice Adams, also known as Booth Tarkington's Alice Adams, is a 1935 Romantic film Remake made by RKO. She managed to steal several scenes away from the film's star, Katharine Hepburn. Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12 1907 – June 29 2003 was an American actress of film television and stage This was the type of role she would be best known for, the sassy, independently minded, and opinionated maid.

The competition in Gone with the Wind (1939) to play Mammy had been almost as stiff as that for Scarlett O'Hara. Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler) is the Protagonist in Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 novel Gone with Eleanor Roosevelt wrote to film producer David O. Selznick to ask that her own maid, Elizabeth McDuffie, be given the part. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ˈɛlɪnɔr ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 11 1884 &ndash November 7 1962 A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. David O Selznick, born David Selznick ( May 10, 1902 &ndash June 22, 1965) was one of the iconic Hollywood producers ^[10] McDaniel did not think she would be chosen, because she was known for being a comic actress. Clark Gable recommended the role go to McDaniel, and when she went to her audition dressed in an authentic maid's uniform, Selznick knew he had found Mammy. Clark Gable (February 1 &ndashNovember 16) was an iconic American Actor nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday Gable was delighted to be working again with McDaniel. ^[11]

The Loew's Grand Theatre on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia, was selected as the theatre for the premiere of Gone with the Wind, Friday, December 15, 1939. Loew's Grand Theater was a Movie theater at the corner of Peachtree and Forsyth Streets in downtown Atlanta Georgia, in the United States Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American dramatic - romantic - War film adapted from Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. When the date of the Atlanta premiere approached, all the black actors were barred from attending, and excluded from being in the souvenir program. David Selznick had at least attempted to bring Hattie McDaniel, but MGM advised him not to because of Georgia's segregationist laws, which would have required McDaniel to stay in a coloured-only hotel, and prevented her from sitting in the theater with her white peers. Clark Gable angrily threatened to boycott the Atlanta premiere unless McDaniel was allowed to attend, but McDaniel convinced him to attend anyway. ^[12] Most of Atlanta's 300,000 citizens crowded the route of the seven-mile motorcade that carried the film's other stars and executives from the airport to the Georgian Terrace Hotel, where they stayed. ^[13][14] While the Jim Crow laws kept McDaniel from the Atlanta premiere, she did attend the Hollywood debut on December 28, 1939. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enacted primarily but not exclusively in the Southern and border states of the United States between 1876 and 1965 Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This time, upon Selznick's insistence, her picture was featured prominently in the program. (It would also be included in programs for all areas outside of the South. )^[15]

It was her role as the sassy servant who repeatedly scolds her mistress, Scarlett O'Hara (Vivien Leigh), and scoffs at Rhett Butler (Clark Gable), that won McDaniel the 1939 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, making her the first African American to win an Oscar. Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler) is the Protagonist in Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 novel Gone with Vivien Leigh Lady Olivier (5 November 1913 &ndash 8 July 1967 was an English actress. Rhett Butler is the antagonist of Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell. Clark Gable (February 1 &ndashNovember 16) was an iconic American Actor nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS She was also the first African American ever to be nominated. "I loved Mammy," McDaniel said. "I think I understood her because my own grandmother worked on a plantation not unlike Tara". Tara, the Fictional Plantation found in Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind, was located near Jonesborough (now ^[16] Her role in Gone with the Wind had scared her Southern audience and in the South, there were complaints that in the film she had been too familiar with her white employer. ^[17]

Oscar night

Louella Parsons, an American gossip columnist, wrote about Oscar night of 1940: "Hattie McDaniel earned that gold "Oscar", by her fine performance of "Mammy" in Gone with the Wind. Louella Parsons ( August 6, 1881 &ndash December 9, 1972) was an American Gossip columnist. If you had seen her face when she walked up to the platform and took the gold trophy, you would have had the choke in your voice that all of us had when Hattie, hair trimmed with gardenias, face alight, and dress up to the queen's taste, accepted the honor in one of the finest speeches ever given on the Academy floor. She put her heart right into those words and expressed not only for herself, but for every member of her race, the gratitude she felt that she had been given recognition by the Academy. Fay Bainter, with voice trembling, introduced Hattie and spoke of the happiness she felt in bestowing upon the beaming actress Hollywood's greatest honor. Fay Okell Bainter ( December 7, 1893 &ndash April 16, 1968) was an Academy Award -winning American actress. Her proudest possession is the red silk petticoat that David Selznick gave her when she finished Gone with the Wind". David O Selznick, born David Selznick ( May 10, 1902 &ndash June 22, 1965) was one of the iconic Hollywood producers ^[18]

Hattie McDaniel's Acceptance Speech delivered on January 29, 1940 at the 12th Annual Academy Awards:

"Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, fellow members of the motion picture industry and honoured guests: This is one of the happiest moments of my life, and I want to thank each one of you who had a part in selecting me for one of their awards, for your kindness. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It has made me feel very, very humble; and I shall always hold it as a beacon for anything that I may be able to do in the future. I sincerely hope I shall always be a credit to my race and to the motion picture industry. My heart is too full to tell you just how I feel, and may I say thank you and God bless you. "^[19][20]

Gone with the Wind was awarded ten Academy Awards, a record that would stand for years, and has been named by the American Film Institute (AFI) as number six among the top 100 American films of all time. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. ^[21]

Later acting career

As the 1940s progressed, the servant roles McDaniel and other African American performers had so frequently played were subjected to increasingly strong criticism by groups such as the NAACP. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations In response to the NAACP's criticism, McDaniel replied, "I'd rather play a maid and make $700 a week than be one for $7. "

In 1942's Warner Bros., In This Our Life, she once again played a domestic, starring Bette Davis and directed by John Huston; character confronts racial issues as her law student son is wrongly accused of manslaughter. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and In This Our Life is a 1942 film about two sisters Stanley and Roy Timberlake Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis (April 5 1908 – October 6 1989 was an American actress of Film, Television and Theatre. The following year, McDaniel was in Warner Bros. , Thank Your Lucky Stars, with Humphrey Bogart and Bette Davis. Thank Your Lucky Stars is a 1943 Film made by Warner Brothers as a World War II fundraiser Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis (April 5 1908 – October 6 1989 was an American actress of Film, Television and Theatre. In 1943, Time wrote about McDaniel, "Hattie McDaniel, whose bubbling, blaring good humor more than redeems the roaring bad taste of a Harlem number called "Ice Cold Katie" [musical number by Dinah Shore]. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Dinah Shore (born Frances Rose Shore February 29, 1916 - February 24, 1994) was an American Singer, Actress ^[22] Hattie McDaniel continued to play maids during the war years, in Warner Bros., The Male Animal (1942), and United Artists, Since You Went Away (1944), but her feistiness was toned down. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and This article is about the film studio Previously it was affiliated with a cinema chain bearing its name now owned by Regal Entertainment Group. Since You Went Away is a 1944 Film distributed by United Artists.

She made her last film appearances, Mickey and Family Honeymoon (1949), but was still quite active in her final years on radio and television, becoming the first major African American radio star with her comedy series Beulah. Mickey is a 1948 Drama film starring Lois Butler Bill Goodwin and Academy Award -winning actress Hattie McDaniel. Family Honeymoon is a 1949 domestic Comedy film made by Universal International Pictures, directed by Claude Binyon, and starring For other uses see Beulah. The Beulah Show is an American situation-comedy series that ran in radio on CBS She starred in the ABC television version, taking over for Ethel Waters after the first season. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. Ethel Waters ( October 31, 1896 &ndash September 1, 1977) was an American Blues and Jazz Vocalist It was a hit, earning McDaniel $2,000 a week. After filming a handful of episodes, however, McDaniel learned she had breast cancer. By the spring of 1952, she was too ill to work and was replaced by Louise Beavers. Louise Beavers ( March 8, 1902 - October 26, 1962) was an American Film Actress. ^[23]

Off-camera

Legal case: Victory on "Sugar Hill"

Time magazine, December 17, 1945:

Their story was as old as it was ugly. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar In 1938, Negroes, willing and able to pay $15,000 and up for West Adams, Los Angeles, California, Heights property, had begun moving into the old colonial mansions. West Adams, also known as Historic West Adams, is a large district located in the center of Los Angeles, California, southwest of Downtown and Many were movie folk—Actresses Louise Beavers, Hattie McDaniel, Ethel Waters, etc. Louise Beavers ( March 8, 1902 - October 26, 1962) was an American Film Actress. Ethel Waters ( October 31, 1896 &ndash September 1, 1977) was an American Blues and Jazz Vocalist They improved their holdings, kept their well-defined ways, quickly won more than tolerance from most of their white neighbors. But some whites, refusing to be comforted, had drawn up a racial restrictive covenant among themselves. A real covenant is a Legal obligation imposed in a Deed by the seller upon the buyer of Real estate to do or not to do something For seven years they had tried to sell it to the other whites, but failed. Then they went to court. Superior Judge Thurmond Clarke decided to visit the disputed ground—popularly known as "Sugar Hill. " Next morning, Judge Clarke threw the case out of court. His reason: "It is time that members of the Negro race are accorded, without reservations or evasions, the full rights guaranteed them under the 14th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, first Judges have been avoiding the real issue too long. " Said Hattie McDaniel, of West Adams Heights: "Words cannot express my appreciation. " ^[24] It was McDaniel, the most famous of the black homeowners, who helped to organize the black West Adams residents that saved their homes. Loren Miller, a local attorney and owner/publisher of the California Eagle newspaper represented the homeowners in their restrictive covenant case. Loren Miller (January 20 1903 - July 14 1967 was an American, California Superior Court Justice County of Los Angeles, appointed by former governor The California Eagle, was one of the oldest African American newspapers in Los Angeles California, and the West traces its origins to 1879 ^[25] In 1944, he won the case Fairchild v Rainers, a decision for a black Pasadena, California family that had bought a non restricted lot but was sued by white neighbors anyway. Pasadena ( is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States.

McDaniel had purchased her white two-story, seventeen-room mansion in 1942. The house included a large living room, dining room, drawing room, den, butler's pantry, kitchen, service porch, library, four bedrooms, and a basement. McDaniel had a yearly Hollywood party. Everyone knew that the king of Hollywood, Clark Gable, would be faithfully present at all of McDaniel's Movieland parties. Clark Gable (February 1 &ndashNovember 16) was an iconic American Actor nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday ^[26]

Community service

McDaniel was also a member of Sigma Gamma Rho, one of four African-American Greek letter sororities in the United States. Sigma Gamma Rho ( ΣΓΡ) was founded on the campus of Butler University on November 12, 1922, by seven school teachers in Indianapolis, Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal During World War II, McDaniel was the Chairman of the Negro Division of the Hollywood Victory Committee, providing entertainment for soldiers stationed at military bases. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Hollywood Victory Committee was an organization founded on December 10 1941 during World War II to provide a means so that for stage screen television and radio She also put in numerous personal appearances to hospitals, threw parties, performed at United Service Organizations (USO) shows and war bond rallies, to raise funds to support the war, on behalf of the Victory Committee. "USO" redirects here for other uses see USO (disambiguation The United Service Organizations Inc ^[27][28] Bette Davis also performed for black regiments as the only white member of an acting troupe formed by Hattie McDaniel, that also included Lena Horne and Ethel Waters. Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis (April 5 1908 – October 6 1989 was an American actress of Film, Television and Theatre. Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (born June 30, 1917) is an iconic American singer and Actress. Ethel Waters ( October 31, 1896 &ndash September 1, 1977) was an American Blues and Jazz Vocalist ^[29]

She joined Clarence Muse for an NBC radio broadcast to raise funds for Red Cross relief programs for Americans, many of them black, who had been displaced by the year's devastating floods. Clarence Muse ( October 14, 1889 &ndash October 13, 1979) was a Lawyer, Screenwriter, director, Composer The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated Within the black community, she gained a reputation for generous giving, often without question feeding and lending money to friends and stranger alike. ^[30]

Marriages

While her career was advancing in the 1920s, her husband, George Langford, died soon after she married him in 1922, and her father died the same year. She married Howard Hickman in 1938 but divorced him later the same year. In 1941, she married James Lloyd Crawford, real estate salesman. In the book Bright Boulevards, Bold Dreams, by Donald Bogle, it is referenced that in 1945, McDaniel happily informed gossip columnist Hedda Hopper that she was pregnant. Hedda Hopper ( May 2, 1885 – February 1, 1966) was an American actress and Gossip columnist, whose McDaniel began buying baby clothes and setting up a nursery. Her plans were shattered when the doctor informed her she had a false pregnancy; McDaniel fell into a depression. She divorced Crawford in 1945, after four and a half years of marriage. She said he was jealous of her career and once threatened to kill her. ^[31]

In Yuma, Arizona, on June 11, 1949, she married Larry Williams, interior decorator. Yuma is a city in and the County seat of Yuma County, Arizona, United States. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She divorced him in 1950, after testifying that their five months together had been marred by "arguing and fussing. " Ms. McDaniel broke down in tears when she testified that her husband tried to create dissension among the cast of her radio show and otherwise interfered with her work. "I haven't got over it yet," she said. "I got so I couldn't sleep. I couldn't concentrate on my lines. "^[32][33]

Death

McDaniel died at age 57, in the hospital on the grounds of the Motion Picture House in Woodland Hills, on October 26, 1952. The Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital is a Retirement community, with individual cottages and a fully licensed acute-care hospital located at 23388 Woodland Hills is a district in the City of Los Angeles, California, United States. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She was survived at the time by her brother, Sam "Deacon" McDaniel, a film actor. Thousands of mourners turned out to remember her life and accomplishments. It was her wish to be buried in the Hollywood Cemetery on Santa Monica Boulevard in Hollywood, along with her fellow movie stars, Douglas Fairbanks, Rudolph Valentino, and others. Hollywood Forever Cemetery is located at 6000 Santa Monica Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. State Route 2 is a State highway in the US state of California. Douglas Fairbanks ( May 23 1883 – December 12 1939) was an American Actor, Screenwriter, director Rudolph Valentino ( May 6, 1895 &ndash August 23, 1926) was an Italian Actor, Sex symbol, and early McDaniel wrote: "I desire a white casket and a white shroud; white gardenias in my hair and in my hands, together with a white gardenia blanket and a pillow of red roses" I also wish to be buried in the Hollywood Cemetery". ^[34] The owner, Jules 'Jack' Roth, refused to allow her to be interred there, because they did not take blacks. Her second choice was Rosedale Cemetery, where she lies today. Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery is a Cemetery located at 1831 West Washington Boulevard Los Angeles California, in the historic West Adams District a short distance ^[35] Since 1914, it had also been the resting place of Allen Allensworth,^[36] military officer who had founded California's first and only all-black town, which is now the Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park. Lt Colonel Allen Allensworth (April 7 1842 – September 14 1914 was an officer in the United States Army, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park is the only California town to be founded financed and governed by African Americans.

In 1999, Tyler Cassity, the new owner of the Hollywood Cemetery, who had renamed it Hollywood Forever Cemetery, wanted to right the wrong and have Miss McDaniel interred in the cemetery. Hollywood Forever Cemetery is located at 6000 Santa Monica Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. Her family did not want to disturb her remains after the passage of so much time, and declined the offer. Hollywood Forever Cemetery then did the next best thing and built a large cenotaph memorial on the lawn overlooking the lake in honor of McDaniel. A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere It is one of the most popular sites for visitors. ^[37]

Will

The "Oscar" that Hattie won was placed in the keeping of Howard University in Washington, D.C. The statue disappeared during racial unrest on the Washington, D. Howard University is a private, Coeducational Nonsectarian University located in Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D C. , campus in the late 1960s. ^[38] The last will filed for probate disposed of less than $10,000 to a few relatives and friends, her estate had been eroded by medical costs. ^[39] She left $1 to her former husband, Larry C. Williams. ^[40]

Legacy and recognition

Hattie has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Hollywood: one for her contributions to radio at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard, and one for motion pictures at 1719 Vine Street. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a Sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood Los Angeles California, USA, that Radio programming is the content that is broadcast by Radio stations The original inventors of radio such as Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo ^[41] In 1975, she was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame posthumously. The Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame Inc (BFHFI was founded in 1973 Oakland California, United States. A posthumous recognition is a ceremonial award given after the recipient has died usually in honor of an action associated with their death ^[42]

In 2002, the legacy of pioneering actress Hattie McDaniel is recalled when American Movie Classics (AMC) delves into her life in the film Beyond Tara, The Extraordinary Life Of Hattie McDaniel (2001), produced and directed by Madison D. AMC is a cable television network that primarily airs movies The letters originally stood for American Movie Classics. Lacy, Ph. D. , and hosted by Whoopi Goldberg. Whoopi Goldberg (born Caryn Elaine Johnson; November 13, 1955) is an American actress, comedienne, and television The one-hour special shows the struggles and triumphs of how McDaniel, in spite of racism and adversity, knocked down the doors of Hollywood and made her presence known. The film won the 2001–2002 Daytime Emmy Award, presented on May 17, 2002, for Outstanding Special Class Special. The Daytime Emmy Awards are awards presented by the New York -based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Los Angeles -based Academy Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[43]

McDaniel was featured as the 29th inductee on the Black Heritage Series by the United States Postal Service. She is the first black Oscar winner honoured with a stamp. The 39-cent stamp was released on January 29, 2006. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This stamp features a 1941 photograph of McDaniel in the dress she wore on February 29, 1940, when she received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress in Gone with the Wind. Best Supporting Actor or Best Supporting Actress is an accolade given by a group of Film or Theatre professionals in recognition of the work Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American dramatic - romantic - War film adapted from Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 ^[44]

The ceremony took place at the Margaret Herrick Library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, where the Hattie McDaniel collection includes photographs of McDaniel and other family members, as well as scripts and other documents. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS) is a professional honorary organization ostensibly dedicated to the advancement of the arts and sciences of Motion "She was a most special lady," McDaniel's Gone with the Wind co-star Ann Rutherford told AP Television News. Therese Ann Rutherford (born November 2, 1920) is a Canadian - American actress in Film, Radio, and Television Rutherford recalled how McDaniel thought some of her friends looked down on her for playing a maid "But (McDaniel) said, I'd rather play a maid than be a maid", Rutherford said. ^[45]

Filmography

Features

The Golden West (1932) Love Bound (1932) Impatient Maiden (1932) Are You Listening? (1932) The Washington Masquerade (1932) The Boiling Point (1932) Crooner (1932) Blonde Venus (1932) Hypnotized (1932) Hello, Sister (1933) I'm No Angel (1933) Merry Wives of Reno (1934) Operator 13 (1934) King Kelly of the U. Events Katharine Hepburn 's film career begins Shirley Temple 's film career begins Disney released Flowers Blonde Venus is a 1932 Drama film starring Marlene Dietrich and Cary Grant. Events British Film Institute founded March 2 - King Kong premieres in New York City. I'm No Angel ( 1933) is Mae West's third motion picture Mae West received sole story and screenplay credit Events January 26 - Samuel Goldwyn (formerly of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) purchases the film rights to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz S. A. (1934) Judge Priest (1934) Flirtation (1934) Lost in the Stratosphere (1934) Babbitt (1934) Little Men (1934) The Little Colonel (1935) Transient Lady (1935) Traveling Saleslady (1935) China Seas (1935) Alice Adams (1935) Murder by Television (1935) Harmony Lane (1935) Music Is Magic (1935) Another Face (1935) We're Only Human (1935) Can This Be Dixie? (1936) Next Time We Love (1936) The First Baby (1936) The Singing Kid (1936) Gentle Julia (1936) Show Boat (1936) High Tension (1936) The Bride Walks Out (1936) Postal Inspector (1936) Star for a Night (1936) Valiant Is the Word for Carrie (1936) Libeled Lady (1936) Reunion (1936) Mississippi Moods (1937)

Racing Lady (1937) Don't Tell the Wife (1937) The Crime Nobody Saw (1937) The Wildcatter (1937) Saratoga (1937) Stella Dallas (1937) Sky Racket (1937) Over the Goal (1937) Merry Go Round of 1938 (1937) Nothing Sacred (1937) 45 Fathers (1937) Quick Money (1937) True Confession (1937) Battle of Broadway (1938) Vivacious Lady (1938) The Shopworn Angel (1938) Carefree (1938) The Mad Miss Manton (1938) The Shining Hour (1938) Everybody's Baby (1939) Zenobia (1939) Gone with the Wind (1939) Maryland (1940) The Great Lie (1941) Affectionately Yours (1941) They Died with Their Boots On (1941) The Male Animal (1942) In This Our Life (1942) George Washington Slept Here (1942) Johnny Come Lately (1943) Thank Your Lucky Stars (1943) Since You Went Away (1944) Janie (1944) Three Is a Family (1944) Hi, Beautiful (1944) Janie Gets Married (1946) Margie (1946) Never Say Goodbye (1946) Song of the South (1946) The Flame (1947) Mickey (1948) Family Honeymoon (1949) The Big Wheel (1949)

Short subjects

• Mickey's Rescue (1934)
• Fate's Fathead (1934)
• The Chases of Pimple Street (1934)
• Anniversary Trouble (1935)
• Okay Toots! (1935)
• Wig-Wag (1935)
• The Four Star Boarder (1935)
• Arbor Day (1936)

Radio

Station KOA, Denver, Melony Hounds (1926)
Station KNX, Los Angeles, The Optimistic Do-Nut Hour (1931)
CBS Network, The Beulah Show (1947)

See also

• List of African American firsts
• List of black Academy Award winners and nominees

Footnotes

References

• The Life and Struggles of Hattie McDaniel (author Jill Watts audio interview), hear the voice of Hattie McDaniel
• Hopper, Hedda. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Hattie Hates Nobody". Chicago Sunday Tribune, 1947.
• Jackson, Carlton. Hattie: The Life of Hattie McDaniel. Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1990. ISBN 1568330049
• Mitchell, Lisa. "More Than a Mammy". Hollywood Studio Magazine, April 1979.
• Salamon, Julie. "The Courage to Rise Above Mammyness". New York Times, 6 August 2001. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
• Watts, Jill. Hattie McDaniel: Black Ambition, White Hollywood. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0060514906
• Young, Al. "I’d Rather Play a Maid Than Be One". New York Times, 15 October 1989. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)
• Zeigler, Ronny. "Hattie McDaniel: ‘(I’d). . . rather play a maid. ’" N. Y. Amsterdam News, 28 April 1979. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)
• Access Newspaper Archive - search for "Hattie McDaniel"

External links

• Hattie McDaniel Photos
• Hattie McDaniel at the Internet Movie Database

Awards
Preceded by Fay Bainter for Jezebel	Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress 1939 for Gone with the Wind	Succeeded by Jane Darwell for The Grapes of Wrath

Persondata
NAME	McDaniel, Hattie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Actor
DATE OF BIRTH	June 10, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH	Wichita, Kansas
DATE OF DEATH	October 26, 1952 (aged 57)
PLACE OF DEATH	Woodland Hills, California,

Fay Okell Bainter ( December 7, 1893 &ndash April 16, 1968) was an Academy Award -winning American actress. Jezebel is an American Drama film released in 1938 and directed by William Wyler. Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American dramatic - romantic - War film adapted from Margaret Mitchell 's 1936 Jane Darwell ( October 15, 1879 – August 13, 1967) was an Academy Award -winning American Theater and The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940) is a American Drama film directed by John Ford. An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Woodland Hills is a district in the City of Los Angeles, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

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