הַתִּקְוָה HaTikvah English: The Hope
National Anthem of	Israel
Also known as	Arabic: هاتكفا‎ תקוותנו (Tikvatenu) English: Our Hope
Lyrics	Naftali Herz Imber, 1878
Music	Samuel Cohen, 1888
Adopted	1897 (First Zionist Congress) 1948 (unofficially) 2004 (offically)
Hatikvah (Instrumental) Problems listening to the file? See media help. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Naftali Herz Imber (נפתלי הרץ אימבר נפתלי הערץ אימבער Нафталі Герць Імбер also known as Naftali Tzvi Imber, Naftali Zvi Imber Samuel Cohen was an Jewish Palestinian immigrant from Bessarabia, best remembered for his Arrangement of the Israeli National Anthem, Hatikvah First Zionist Congress ( Hebrew: הקונגרס הציוני הראשון is the name given to the Congress held in Basel (Basle, Switzerland

Jewish and Israeli Music
Religious music:
Historical • Contemporary Piyyut • Zemirot • Nigun Pizmonim • Baqashot
Secular music:
Israeli • Israeli Folk Klezmer • Sephardic • Mizrahi
Not Jewish in Form: Classical • Mainstream and Jazz
Dance:
Israeli Folk Dancing • Ballet Horah • Hava Nagila • Yemenite dance
Israel
Hatikvah • Jerusalem of Gold
Piyyutim
Adon Olam • Geshem • Lekhah Dodi Ma'oz Tzur • Yedid Nefesh • Yigdal
Music for Holidays
Hanukkah • Passover • Shabbat
Music of the Haggadah
Ma Nishtana • Dayenu • Adir Hu Chad Gadya • Echad Mi Yodea
Music of Hanukkah
Blessings • Oh Chanukah • Dreidel Song
Al Hanisim • Mi Y'malel • Ner Li

For the political party, see Hatikva (political party). Jewish music, the music of Jews, is quite diverse and dates back thousands of years Jewish music, the music of Jews, is quite diverse and dates back thousands of years This article is about the sacred and religious music of Judaism from Biblical to Modern times This article is about the sacred and religious music of Judaism from Biblical to Modern times This article is about contemporary Jewish religious music For the main article on religious Jewish music see Religious Jewish music. See also Religious Jewish music A piyyut (plural piyyutim, Hebrew פיוט pijút and) is a Jewish liturgical poem usually designated Zemirot (זמירות (singular zemer) are Jewish hymns usually sung in the Hebrew or Aramaic languages but sometimes also in Yiddish This article is about a type of Jewish religious music Nigun For the main article on religious Jewish music see Religious Jewish music. See also Religious Jewish music Pizmonim ( Hebrew פזמונים singular pizmon) are traditional Jewish songs and melodies This article is about a type of Jewish religious music Baqashot See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture The music of Israel is a unique combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical The music of Israel is a unique combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical See also Secular Jewish music Klezmer (from Yiddish כּלי־זמיר kley - instrument and zemer - song etymologically from This article is about the music of the Sephardic Jews For the main article on secular Jewish music see Secular Jewish music. This article is about the music of the Mizrahi Jews For the main article on secular Jewish music see Secular Jewish music. See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture This article is about Israeli folk dancing For the main article on Jewish dance see Jewish dance. See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture Hora is a type of Circle dance originating in the Balkans but now found in a number of countries most of which use slightly different spellings "Hava Nagila" ( הבה נגילה in Hebrew) is a Hebrew Folk song, the title meaning "Let us rejoice" In Yemen, where Jews were banned from dancing publicly forms of dance evolved that are based on stationary hopping and posturing such as can be done in a confined space The music of Israel is a unique combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical " Jerusalem of Gold " (ירושלים של זהב Yerushalayim Shel Zahav) is a popular Israeli Song written by Naomi Shemer in 1967 See also Religious Jewish music A piyyut (plural piyyutim, Hebrew פיוט pijút and) is a Jewish liturgical poem usually designated Adon Olam ( אֲדוֹן עוֹלָם; "Lord of the World" is one of the few strictly metrical hymns in the Jewish liturgy, the nobility of the diction of Geshem (גשם is one of the Hebrew words for " Rain," applied mostly to the heavy rains which occur in Israel in the fall and winter Lekhah Dodi ( Hebrew: לכה דודי also transliterated as Lecha Dodi, L'chah Dodi, Lekah Dodi, "Ma'oz Tzur" (מעוז צור is a Jewish liturgical poem or Piyyut. Yedid Nefesh ( Hebrew: יְדִיד נֶפֶשׂ y’did nefesh) is the title of a Piyyut. Yigdal ( יִגְדָּל; yighdāl, or יִגְדַּל; yighdal; means " Magnify Living God" is a Jewish Hanukkah music (or Chanukah music) (שירי חנוכה contains several songs associated with the festival of Chanukah. Passover songs are songs traditionally associated with the end of the seder, the festive meal associated with the Jewish festival of Passover. Zemirot (זמירות (singular zemer) are Jewish hymns usually sung in the Hebrew or Aramaic languages but sometimes also in Yiddish Passover songs are songs traditionally associated with the end of the seder, the festive meal associated with the Jewish festival of Passover. Ma Nishtana (מה נשתנה are the four questions sung during the Passover seder See also Passover songs Dayenu ( Hebrew: is a song that is part of the Jewish holiday of Passover. See also Passover songs Adir Hu (English Mighty is He Hebrew אדיר הוּא is a hymn sung by Jews worldwide at the Passover Seder. See also Passover songs Chad Gadya ( Aramaic: חַד גַדְיָה chad gadya, "one little goat or "one kid" Hebrew: See also Passover songs Echad Mi Yodea ( Yiddish: Man'dabar uma n'sapar) ( Hebrew: אחד מי יודע echad mi yodea) (Who Hanukkah music (or Chanukah music) (שירי חנוכה contains several songs associated with the festival of Chanukah. Hanukkah music (or Chanukah music) (שירי חנוכה contains several songs associated with the festival of Chanukah. See also Hanukkah music Oh Chanukah (also Chanukah Oh Chanukah) is an English version of the Yiddish Oy Chanukah (חנוכּה אױ חנוכּה See also Hanukkah music I Have a Little Dreidel (also known as the Dreidel song) and Samuel Goldfarb (also S Hanukkah music (or Chanukah music) (שירי חנוכה contains several songs associated with the festival of Chanukah. Hanukkah music (or Chanukah music) (שירי חנוכה contains several songs associated with the festival of Chanukah. Hanukkah music (or Chanukah music) (שירי חנוכה contains several songs associated with the festival of Chanukah. Hatikva (התקווה lit The Hope) is a minor political party in Israel. For the Tel Aviv neighbourhood, see Hatikva Quarter

Hatikvah (Hebrew: הַתִּקְוָה‎, The Hope; Arabic: هاتكفا‎), sometimes styled HaTikva(h), is the Israeli national anthem. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's The anthem was written by Naftali Herz Imber, a secular Galician Jew, who moved to the Land of Israel in the early 1880s. Naftali Herz Imber (נפתלי הרץ אימבר נפתלי הערץ אימבער Нафталі Герць Імбер also known as Naftali Tzvi Imber, Naftali Zvi Imber Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is The anthem's underlying message is about "hope," the wish of attaining national independence in the Land of Israel. For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is It is one of the very few national anthems set in a minor key. Minor Scale was a test conducted by the United States Defense Nuclear Agency (now part of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency) involving the detonation

Contents 1 History 1.1 Writing 1.2 Declaration of the State of Israel 1.3 Rav Kook's objection to Hatikvah on religious grounds 1.4 Non-Jewish citizens 2 Music 3 Current text 4 Original nine-stanza poem 5 Media 6 References 7 External links

History

Writing

The text of Hatikvah was written by the Galician-Jewish poet Naftali Herz Imber in Zolochiv (Ukraine) in 1878 as a nine-stanza poem named Tikvatenu (“Our Hope”) as an expression of his thoughts and feelings following the construction of Petah Tikva, one of the first Jewish settlements in Israel. Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Naftali Herz Imber (נפתלי הרץ אימבר נפתלי הערץ אימבער Нафталі Герць Імбер also known as Naftali Tzvi Imber, Naftali Zvi Imber Zolochiv (Золочів Złoczów is a town located in the Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In Poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger Poem. In modern poetry the term is often equivalent with Strophe; in popular vocal music a stanza is Petah Tikva (פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה "Opening of Hope" known as Em HaMoshavot ("Mother of the Moshavot " is a city in the Published in Imber's first book, Barkai (Hebrew: ברקאי‎, English: "morning star") the poem was subsequently adopted as the anthem of the Hovevei Zion and later of the Zionist Movement at the First Zionist Congress in 1897. The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music (in Music theory and religious contexts or more generally a song (or composition of Hovevei Zion is also a popular Israeli musical group Hovevei Zion (חובבי ציון also known as Hibbat Zion (חיבת ציון First Zionist Congress ( Hebrew: הקונגרס הציוני הראשון is the name given to the Congress held in Basel (Basle, Switzerland Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The melody (of folk origin) was arranged by Samuel Cohen, an immigrant from Moldavia. Samuel Cohen was an Jewish Palestinian immigrant from Bessarabia, best remembered for his Arrangement of the Israeli National Anthem, Hatikvah Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians The text was later revised by the settlers of Rishon LeZion, subsequently undergoing a number of other changes. Rishon LeZion (רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן lit First to Zion is the fourth-largest city in Israel, located along the central Israeli

Declaration of the State of Israel

When the State of Israel was declared in 1948, HaTikvah was unofficially proclaimed the national anthem. The Israeli Declaration of Independence (הכרזת העצמאות Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut or מגילת העצמאות Megilat HaAtzma'ut) made on 14 May Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It did not become the official anthem until November 2004, when it was sanctioned by the Knesset in an amendment to the “Flag and Coat-of-Arms Law” (now called “The Flag, Coat-of-Arms, and National Anthem Law”). For Beit Knesset a Jewish Place of worship, see Synagogue. The Knesset (כנסת lit

In its modern rendering, the text of the anthem includes only the first stanza and refrain of the original poem. The most significant element in the additional stanzas (in addition to the hope of returning to Zion, a hope being seen as fulfilled) is the establishment of a sovereign and free nation in Eretz Yisrael. Zion ( Hebrew: צִיּוֹן ( Persian: صهیون tziyyon; Tiberian vocalization: tsiyyôn; transliterated Zion Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is

Rav Kook's objection to Hatikvah on religious grounds

Main article: HaEmunah

Rav Kook objected to the secular over-bearings of Hatikvah and wrote an alternative anthem titled "HaEmunah", in the hopes that it would replace Hatikvah as the official anthem. Haemunah ( Hebrew: הַאמונה, &ldquoThe Faith&rdquo is an alternate national anthem for the State of Israel written in the late 19th century by Haemunah ( Hebrew: הַאמונה, &ldquoThe Faith&rdquo is an alternate national anthem for the State of Israel written in the late 19th century by Rav Kook did not object to the singing of Hatikvah (and even endorsed it) as he had great respect for secular Jews, indicating that even in their work it was possible to see a level of "kedushah" (holiness). ^[1]

Non-Jewish citizens

The anthem is rejected by many Ultraorthodox Jews and Arab Israelis, the former because of its lack of divine reference and the latter because of its Jewish emphasis. The specific reference to the yearnings of "a Jewish soul" is often cited as making the text impossible for a non-Jew to identify with. Notably, Raleb Majadele, the first Arab-Israeli appointed as a minister in the Israeli cabinet in January 2007, refused to sing the anthem, stating that the song was written for Jews only. Raleb Majadele (غالب مجادلة ראלב מג'אדלה also spelt also Ghaleb Majadele, born 5 April 1953) is an Israeli Arab politician Arab citizens of Israel refers to Arabs or Arabic -speaking people who are Citizens of Israel who are not Jewish. The Cabinet of Israel is a formal body composed of government officials chosen and led by a Prime Minister. ^[2]

Some Israelis have expressed reservations about the text, and on various occasions proposals were made to replace it, adapt or change the text, or compose a second anthem with words which all citizens of Israel could find acceptable. However, so far no such proposed anthem has come near to acceptance.

Music

The melody for Hatikvah has some similarities with “La Mantovana”, a 16th century Italian song. The Culture of Italy can be found in the Roman ruins remaining in much of the country the precepts of the Roman Catholic Church, the spirit of the A 13th century manuscript records a similar melody (but in major mode) with words in Latin praising the Holy Trinity: "Alta Trinità Beata". Its earliest known appearance in print was in early 17th-century Italy as “Ballo di Mantova. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest ” This melody gained wide currency in Renaissance Europe, being recorded variously as the Spanish hymn “Virgen de la Cueva” (“Virgin of the Cave”); the Sephardi melody for the Hallel prayer; the Hebrew folk song “ the Prayer for the Dew,” the Polish folk song “Pod Krakowem,” a Swedish folksong Ack, Värmeland; and as the Ukrainian “Kateryna Kucheryava. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Hallel (הלל "Praise" is a Jewish prayer &mdasha verbatim recitation from Psalms 113-118 which is used for praise and thanksgiving that is recited Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. " Dear Old Stockholm " is a Swedish Folk song, best known in the English-speaking world for versions by Jazz artists such as Stan Getz, Miles ”. This melody had been famously used by Czech Bedřich Smetana in his symphonic poem celebrating Bohemia, "Má vlast", as "Vltava" (Die Moldau). "Smetana" redirects here For the soured cream see Smetana (dairy product. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Má vlast (traditionally translated as My Country or more literally My Fatherland) is a set of six Symphonic poems composed between 1874 and

The adaptation of the music for Hatikvah is assumed to be composed by Samuel Cohen in 1888. Samuel Cohen was an Jewish Palestinian immigrant from Bessarabia, best remembered for his Arrangement of the Israeli National Anthem, Hatikvah Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He himself recalled many years later that he had adapted the melody from a Romanian folk-song, possibly “Carul cu boi” (“Carriage with Oxen”) which shares many structural elements with Hatikvah. Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian In Romania there circulate several folk songs with this same melody: "Song of may" (Cântec de mai) is another of them ("Luncile s-au deşteptat. . . the valleys got awake)

Hatikvah is written in a minor key, which is often perceived as mournful in tone and thus rarely used in national anthems. Minor Scale was a test conducted by the United States Defense Nuclear Agency (now part of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency) involving the detonation However, as the title (“The Hope”) and the words suggest, the import of the song is uplifting and optimistic in spirit.

Current text

Below is the current text (first stanza and the amended refrain of the original nine-stanza poem) in Hebrew, along with a transliteration and translation. Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation

כל עוד בלבב פנימה נפש יהודי הומיה, ולפאתי מזרח קדימה, עין לציון צופיה,	Kol od baleivav p'nimah Nefesh y'hudi homiyah Ulfa'atei mizrach kadimah Ayin l'tziyon tzofiyah	As long as in the heart, within, A Jewish soul still yearns, And towards the end of the East, An eye still watches toward Zion–
עוד לא אבדה תקוותנו, התקווה בת שנות אלפים, להיות עם חופשי בארצנו, ארץ ציון וירושלים. Zion ( Hebrew: צִיּוֹן ( Persian: صهیون tziyyon; Tiberian vocalization: tsiyyôn; transliterated Zion	Od lo avdah tikvateinu Hatikvah bat sh'not alpayim Lihyot am chofshi b'artzeinu Eretz tziyon viyrushalayim	Our hope is not yet lost, The hope of two thousand years, To be a free nation in our land, The land of Zion and Jerusalem. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the

Some people compare the first line of the refrain, “Our hope is not yet lost” (עוד לא אבדה תקוותנו), to the opening of the Polish national anthem, Poland is not yet Lost (Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła) or to the Ukrainian national anthem Ukraine has not yet Perished (Ще не вмерла Україна, Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna). Mazurek Dąbrowskiego (ma'zurɛk dɔmbrɔf'skʲɛgɔ " Dąbrowski's Mazurka " is the National anthem of Poland. "Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy" (Ще не вмерла України or "Ukraine's has not perished") is the National anthem of However, this line is considered to be a Biblical allusion to Ezekiel’s “Vision of the Dried Bones” (Ezekiel 37: “. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference or representation of or to a well-known person place event literary work myth, or work of art According to religious texts Ezekiel ((יְחֶזְקֵאל Yehezkel, jəx The Book of Ezekiel is a book of the Hebrew Bible (of the Books of the Bible) named after the prophet Ezekiel. . . Behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope is lost”), describing the despair of the Jewish people in exile, and God’s promise to redeem them and lead them back to the Land of Israel. For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is There is however no proof for this connection, and the Polish allusion is obviously much more convincing given Imber's background.

Hatikvah is relatively short; indeed it is a single complex sentence, consisting of two clauses. A complex sentence is a sentence with an Independent clause and at least one Dependent clause (subordinating clause The subordinate clause posits the condition (“As long as. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. In itself a dependent clause does not express a complete Thought; therefore it is usually attached to an . . A soul still yearns. . . And. . . An eye still watches. . . ”), while the independent clause specifies the outcome (“Our hope has not yet been lost. In grammar an independent clause (or main clause) is a Clause that can stand by itself as a grammatically viable Simple sentence. . . To be a free nation in our own homeland”).

Original nine-stanza poem

Media

References

External links

• [1]Hatikvah Hadracha Guide from Education at the Jewish Agency for Israel
• Hatikvah article from the Jewish Virtual Library
• Hatikvah - Most People Singing a National Anthem World Record

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