For the third season episode of Star Trek: Enterprise, see "Hatchery (Star Trek: Enterprise)". Star Trek Enterprise (simply titled Enterprise prior to season three is a Science fiction Television program created by Brannon "Hatchery" is the title of a Star Trek Enterprise television episode from season three

A hatchery is a facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions, especially those of fish or poultry. In most Birds and Reptiles an egg ( Latin ovum) is the Zygote, resulting from Fertilization of the Ovum. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or It may be used for ex-situ conservation purposes, i. Ex-situ conservation means literally "off-site conservation " e. to breed rare or endangered species under controlled conditions; alternatively, it may be for economic reasons (i. A rare species is an Organism which is very uncommon or scarce An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation e. to enhance food supplies or fishery resources). For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing.

Contents 1 Fish hatcheries 2 Poultry hatcheries 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Fish hatcheries

Main article: Fish hatchery

Fish hatcheries are used to cultivate and breed a large number of fish in an enclosed environment. Fish hatcheries are used to cultivate and breed a large number of fish in an enclosed environment Fish Hatcheries typically involve a lot of manual labour Fish farms use hatcheries to cultivate fish to sell for food, or ornamental purposes, eliminating the need to find the fish in the wild and even providing some species outside of their natural season. Fish farming is the principal form of Aquaculture, while other methods may fall under Mariculture. They raise the fish until they are ready to be eaten or sold to aquarium stores. Other hatcheries release the juvenile fish into a river, lake or the ocean to support commercial, tribal, or recreational fishing or to supplement the natural numbers of threatened or endangered species, a practice known as fish stocking. An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Threatened species are any species (including Animals Plants fungi, etc An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Fish stocking is the practice of raising Fish in a hatchery and releasing them into a River, Lake, or the Ocean to supplement existing

Researchers have raised concerns about hatchery fish potentially breeding with wild fish. Hatchery fish may in some cases compete with wild fish. ^[1] In the United States and Canada, there have been several salmon and steelhead hatchery reform projects intended to reduce the possibility of negative impacts from hatchery programs. Most salmon and steelhead hatcheries are managed better and follow up to date management practices to ensure any risks are minimized.

Poultry hatcheries

Poultry hatcheries produce a majority of the birds consumed in the developed world including chickens, turkeys, ducks and some other minor bird species that are consumed. The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America. It is a multi billion dollar industry with highly regimented production systems used to maximize bird size verse feed consumed. Birds are produced and maintained under high density which makes production and harvesting more economical but can also generate problems such as the spread of pathogens, which can move very quickly through the population when animal densities are high. A pathogen (from Greek πάθος pathos "suffering passion" and γἰγνομαι (γεν- gignomai (gen- "I give birth to" infectious Poultry hatcheries generally start with artificially inseminated birds that lay eggs, the eggs are cleaned and shells are checked for soundness before putting them in the incubators. Insemination is the introduction of sperm into the female Uterus of a Mammal or the Oviduct of an Oviparous (egg-laying animal during The incubators control temperature and humidity and turn the eggs until they hatch. Generally large numbers of eggs are produced at one time so that the resulting birds are uniform in size and can be harvested at the same time. Once the eggs hatch and the chicks are a few days old they are often beak-trimmed and or toe-clipped, this involves the removal of half of the top beak and the clipping of the toe ends. This is done to prevent the birds from harming each other while they are living in close proximity to each other. After these procedures they are moved to enclosed buildings to be raised until harvest.

See also

• Endangered species
• Minimum viable population
• Inbreeding depression

References

External links

• Hatcheries and the Protection of Wild Salmon
• University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections -- Digital Collections -- Fish Hatcheries An ongoing digital collection of images related to fish hatcheries. Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey.
• [1] - Links to hatchery reform projects

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